Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences: 2019 in retrospect
Leila
Arabi
Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Bizhan
Malaekeh-Nikouei
Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ali
Roohbakhsh
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
BiBi Sedigheh
Fazly Bazzaz
Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
1
2
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14268_42fea71dc44ef67b93e85ad9bf7c22fa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2020.14268
Role of crocin in several cancer cell lines: An updated review
Ali
Veisi
Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
author
Ghaidafeh
Akbari
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
author
Ali
Mard
Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System [Alimentary Tract Research Center], Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Gholamreza
Badfar
Department of pediatrics, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
author
Vahid
Zarezade
Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
author
Mohammad Ali
Mirshekar
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. The most important considerable features of cancer cells are uncontrolled proliferation, up-regulated differentiation, and immortality. Crocin, as a bioactive compound of saffron and as a water-soluble carotenoid has radical scavenging, anti-hyperlipidemia, memory improving, and inhibition of tumor growth effects. The present review was designed to evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying crocin effects against cancer cell lines. Data of this review have been collected from the scientific articles published in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Scientific Information Database from 1982 to 2019. According to various literature, crocin inhibits tumor growth, and its spread in several types of cancer including colorectal, pancreatic, breast, and prostate, as well as chronic myelogenous and leukemia. It inhibits telomerase activity, microtubule polymerization, cyclin D1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), and MRP2 overexpression. Crocin can induce apoptosis through activation of caspase 8, up-regulation of p53 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and down-regulation expression of Bcl-2, survivin, and cyclin D1. It also down-regulates matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9), N-cadherin, and beta-catenin expression, which are involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Tumor invasion was also inhibited by crocin through increasing E-cadherin expression, cell cycle suppression at G1, G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases. Crocin has therapeutic and preventive effects on cancer cells line. Therefore, it has been suggested that this agent can be administered in patients that suffer from this problem.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
3
12
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14236_b5fe0a76ff3bf36b4ae75619909d80d2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.37821.8995
Effects of rabbit pinna-derived blastema cells on tendon healing
Nooshin
Ghayemi
Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
Farshid
Sarafzadeh-Rezaei
Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
Hassan
Malekinejad
Department of Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
author
Mehdi
Behfar
Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
Amir Abbas
Farshid
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Tendon healing is substantially slow and often associated with suboptimal repair. Cell therapy is one of the promising methods to improve tendon repair. Blastema, a population of undifferentiated cells, represents characteristics of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells and has the potentials to be used in regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of blastema allotransplantation in rabbit tendon healing.Materials and Methods: In this study, one rabbit was used as a blastema donor, and twenty-four rabbits were divided into control and treatment groups. Blastema cells were obtained from ear pinna upon punch hole injury in the donor rabbit. Under general anesthesia, a complete transverse tenotomy was performed on the midsubstance of deep digital flexor tendon followed by suture-repair. In the treatment group, 1 × 106 blastema cells suspended in buffer saline were injected intratendinously at the repair site, while the control group received only the buffer saline. Cast coaptation was maintained for two weeks. Eight weeks after the operation, tendons were harvested, and histopathological, biomechanical, and biochemical assays were performed on samples. Results: Mechanical testing showed a significant increase in ultimate load, energy absorption, stiffness, yield load, stress, and strain in blastema-treated tendons compared to controls. Also, higher hydroxyproline content and improved collagen alignment along with lower inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased angiogenesis were observed in blastema-treated tendons. Conclusion: Increased levels of hydroxyproline and improved histopathological and biomechanical parameters in the treatment group suggest that blastema cells could be considered an adjunct to tendon repair in rabbits.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
13
19
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14134_46fb50fd34d2cfdb025297ba77c8d58c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.29102.7045
Dietary phytate lowers K-ras mutational frequency, decreases DNA-adduct and hydroxyl radical formation in azoxymethane-induced colon cancer
Poorna Venkata Satya Prasad
Pallem
Department of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
author
Sreedhar
Bodiga
Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India
author
Vijaya
Lakshmi Bodiga
Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Dietary phytate is known to protect against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced preneoplastic lesions. The present study was designed to determine whether dietary phytate affects mutation frequency in colon epithelial cells challenged with azoxymethane in vivo, through lowering the formation of O6-methyl guanosine (O6-MeG) and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts.Materials and Methods: We used Fisher F344 rats induced with AOM for 20 weeks and undertook 1% or 2% phytate supplementation for subsequent 16 weeks to monitor the mutation frequencies of one of the candidate genes, K-ras, along with DNA adduct load.Results: Dietary phytate significantly suppressed aberrant crypt foci formation and effectively inhibited colon tumor formation in a dose-dependent manner. DNA sequencing results demonstrated that 60% of the colon tumors from AOM-treated and control diet fed animals showed GGT to GAT transition and 40% of the tumors showed GGT to GTT transversion at codon 12, along with 18% of the tumors showing GGC to CGC transversion at codon 13. Phytate supplementation at 1 and 2% lowered the frequency of GGT > GAT to 30 and 10%, respectively. Phytate supplementation also nullified the codon 13 mutations. No mutations were observed at codon 61 in any of the experimental groups.Conclusion: The lowered frequency of K-ras mutations correlated with decreased formation of hydroxyl radicals, O5-meG and 8-OH-dG levels in phytate-supplemented animals with lowered tumor burden.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
20
29
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14138_67a95cec087a8292d94fe84f38881432.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.34374.8161
The preventive effect of atorvastatin on liver fibrosis in the bile duct ligation rats via antioxidant activity and down-regulation of Rac1 and NOX1
Zohreh-al-sadat
Ghoreshi
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
author
Razieh
Kabirifar
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
author
Ameneh
Khodarahmi
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
author
Alireza
karimollah
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
author
Ali
Moradi
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Atorvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent capable of inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Recent studies have demonstrated new facets of atorvastatin, such as antioxidant and anti-fibrotic properties. We investigated the effect of atorvastatin on hepatic injury via the measurement of the antioxidant capacity and protein expression of NOX1, Rac1-GTP, and Rac1 in a rat biliary duct ligation (BDL) model.Materials and Methods: This study is regarded as experimental interventional research in which a total of 32 adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were assigned to 4 groups (eight rats per group) as follows: Control group; Control + At group (15 mg\kg\day atorvastatin); BDL group, and BDL+ At group (15 mg\kg\day atorvastatin). Expression levels of Rac1, NOX1, and Rac1-GTP were determined by western blot analysis. Besides, specific biomarkers of oxidative stress in hepatic tissues of all animals were also analyzed.Results: Atorvastatin reduced liver injury via a decrease in the expression of NOX1, Rac1-GTP, and Rac1 in the BDL group (P<0.05), while the increased contents of protein thiol groups were observed, and the protein carbonylation was decreased in atorvastatin-treated BDL rats compared to the BDL group (P<0.05). Also, administration of atorvastatin in the BDL group significantly lowered oxidative stress through increasing the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in comparison with the BDL group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that atorvastatin has potential advantages in mitigation of liver fibrosis by a decrease in the expression of NOX1, Rac1-GTP, and Rac1, along with, a reduction in oxidative stress of liver tissues in rats induced by BDL.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
30
35
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14135_d0f7fa1ec15386a04f85b3932edf8c25.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.33663.8047
Therapeutic effects of organic zinc on reproductive hormones, insulin resistance and mTOR expression, as a novel component, in a rat model of PCOS
Faeze
Fazel Torshizi
Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad
Chamani
Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
Hamid Reza
Khodaei
Department of Animal Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Golpayegan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
author
Ali Asghar
Sadeghi
Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
Seyed Hossein
Hejazi
Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
author
Reza Majidzadeh
Heravi
Department of Animal Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Zinc is an effective factor in the reproductive system. Insulin resistance (IR) is known as an important disorder in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which controls key cell activities, in particular, is activated in disorders such as PCOS. The present study was conducted to observe the therapeutic effects of organic zinc on IR, mTOR gene expression, and pathogenesis of PCOS in a rat model induced-PCOS. Materials and Methods: Experimental treatments were performed on control and treated groups, consisting of healthy controls (Control, water, and standard feed intake and daily injection of sesame oil alone), Polycystic control (PCO, injection of 4 mg/kg estradiol valerate (EV) for four weeks). Treated groups (PCO-ZM 25, PCO-ZM 75, and PCO-ZM 175) after 4 weeks of receiving EV, were daily given three levels of 25, 75, and 175 mg zinc methionine/kg BW for 15 days, respectively.Results: Injection of EV dramatically increased body and ovarian weights, levels of LH, testosterone, estradiol, triglyceride, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, IGF-1, gene expression of mTOR, and number of cysts (P<0.05). It also reduced the level of progesterone, HDL-C, and the number of antral follicles (P<0.05). However, by increasing zinc-methionine application especially at 175 mg/kg BW, the induction effects of EV were improved on ovarian cysts (P<0.05). Conclusion: Organic zinc showed beneficial effects in the EV induced PCOS rats via decreased insulin resistance and mTOR expression, restored the hormonal profile, and decreased the number of cysts in the ovaries.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
36
45
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14182_0babf8f69c761a3aeed2788591d8f801.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.36004.8586
A silent outbreak due to Klebsiella pneumoniae that co-produced NDM-1 and OXA-48 carbapenemases, and infection control measures
Yucel
Duman
Medical Microbiology Department, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
author
Yasemin
Ersoy
Infections Disease Medical Microbiology Department, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
author
Nafia
Gursoy
Medical Microbiology Department, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
author
Sibel
Altunisik Toplu
Infections Disease Medical Microbiology Department, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
author
Baris
Otlu
Medical Microbiology Department, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Infections due to carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae are associated with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we report a hospital outbreak due to co-producing OXA-48 and NDM-1 K. pneumoniae clone. The aim of the study is to investigate the clonal relationship of strains, risk factors of outbreak and infection control measures.Materials and Methods: Once an outbreak was suspected at the end of December 2017 in our intensive care unit (ICU), carbapenem resistance K. pneumoniae identified in patients’ specimens. An outbreak analysis was begun to determine the risk factors and dissemination of the cases. A case-control study was conducted to determine the risk factors. To control the outbreak; tight contact prevention, good clean-up the medical devices and hospital environment, were done. Staff training programs such as hand hygiene, disinfection, wearing aprons, good cleaning were created. Carbapenem resistance genes determined by PCR. Clonal relationships of strains investigated by PFGE.Results: We investigate 21 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia strains. Nine of them were found co-produced NDM-1 and OXA-48, 11 strains produced OXA-48, and one strain produced NDM-1. Seven strains of co-producing NDM-1 and OXA-48 were found clonally related with PFGE. We could not determine any risk factor except rectal colonization in the case-control study.Conclusion: The interventions that successfully controlled this outbreak were hand hygiene, tight contact prevention, good clean-up of the hospital environment and medical devices. As a result, we believe that it would be beneficial to take infection control measures to prevent the spread of these strains to the community and hospital settings.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
46
50
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14136_2be050194cd259dd80d502e315f9e5d5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.35269.8400
Effect of crocin, an active saffron constituent, on ethanol toxicity in the rat: histopathological and biochemical studies
Alireza
Rezaee Khorasany
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Marjan
Razavi
Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Elahe
Taghiabadi
Orthopedic Research Center, Shahid Kamyab Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Abbass
Tabatabaee Yazdy
Ghaem Hospital, Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Hossein
Hosseinzadeh
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): The drinking of ethanol causes the wide range of clinical illness and morphological changes including hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In the current study, the protective properties of crocin versus oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation induced by ethanol were assessed. Materials and Methods: The male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups consisting of 6 rats in control, ethanol (50% v/v - 5 g/kg), crocin (10, 20 and 40 mg/Kg) plus ethanol, crocin 20 and 40 mg/Kg.Results: The MDA level was remarkably enhanced, while the content of GSH was significantly diminished in the kidney and liver of alcoholic rat but protective groups restored the level of MDA and GSH contents. Ethanol consumption induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity as evidenced by biochemical abnormalities and histopathological damages but crocin improved them. Also, crocin restored the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the liver. The consumption of ethanol enhanced the levels of caspase-3, -8, -9 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (mRNA and protein) but, western blot and real-time PCR data confirmed that crocin treatment prevented apoptosis induced by ethanol.Conclusion: This research demonstrates that crocin has protective activities against ethanol toxic effects in rat liver and kidney via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
51
62
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14140_f4c6aa580195ff56aa5ad313321c03fc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.37133.8845
Neuronal injury and death following focal mild brain injury: The role of network excitability and seizure
Tahereh
Ghadiri
Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
author
Ali
Gorji
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatamolanbia Hospital, Tehran , Iran
author
Gelareh
Vakilzadeh
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatamolanbia Hospital, Tehran , Iran
author
Vahid
Hajali
Quchan Higher Health Education Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Fariba
Khodagholi
Neuroscience Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad
Sharifzadeh
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): While traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a predisposing factor for development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), the occurrence of seizures following brain trauma can infuriate adverse consequences of brain injury. However, the effect of seizures in epileptogenesis after mild TBI cannot yet be accurately confirmed. This study was designed to investigate the histopathological and molecular modifications induced by seizures on traumatized brain. Materials and Methods: Using a new method, head was traumatized and seizures were evoked by sub-convulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) fifteen days after induction of focal mild TBI. Convulsion assessments were performed one hour after PTZ injection and was followed by histopathological and molecular evaluations. Results: A significantly higher score and longer duration of seizure attacks as well as higher number of epileptiform discharges were observed in the TBI+PTZ group compared to sham and TBI groups. An elevated number of apoptotic cells was observed in the TBI+PTZ group compared to sham and TBI rats. Molecular investigations revealed higher levels of Bax/Bcl2 ratio, Caspase 3, and NF-κB in the TBI+PTZ group compared to the other animal groups. The value of Nrf2 did not change after mild TBI compared to sham and PTZ control groups. Occurrence of seizures after TBI, however, significantly decreased the level of Nrf2. Conclusion: Our data indicated that seizure occurrence following mild TBI aggravates cell injury and death via activation of neuroinflammatory processes and may increase the risk of PTE. Additionally, our results suggest a potential protective role of Nrf2 after chemically evoked PTE.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
63
70
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14179_d528efccaf2f4d73640915aadbac3fcf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.37558.8932
Possible protective effects of resveratrol in hepatocellular carcinoma
SEDA
Cetinkaya Karabekir
University of KTO Karatay, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Konya, Turkey
author
Aydan
Özgörgülü
University of Necmettin Erbakan, Faculty of Meram Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Konya, Turkey
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol with cardioprotective, neuroprotective, immunoregulatory, and anticancer properties and is biologically effective against various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the chemopreventive effect of different doses of RSV against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats.Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into six groups of seven rats each (n=42). The control group (group 1) was injected with saline, group 2 with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), group 3 with DEN, group 4 with DEN and 50 mg/kg of RSV (DEN+RSV 50), group 5 with DEN and 75 mg/kg of RSV (DEN+RSV 75), and group 6 with DEN and 100 mg/kg of RSV (DEN+RSV 100). Pro-apoptotic Bax/anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and tumor suppressor p53 markers were analyzed by immunostaining.Results: Superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde concentrations were not statistically significant in DEN+RSV 100 group but were closest to the concentrations in control group. Liver function tests showed that enzyme activity (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase) increased in DEN+RSV 50 and DEN+RSV 100 groups compared with control group but decreased in DEN+RSV 50 and DEN+RSV 100 groups compared with DEN group. Bax/Bcl-2 and p53 analysis showed a statistically significant increase in apoptotic cells in DEN+RSV 100 group.Conclusion: A 100 mg/kg dose of RSV may be a promising treatment for HCC.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
71
78
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14139_338d82d1bbaaa958f3cde3f132a69492.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.36821.8774
Exercise training attenuates diabetes-induced cardiac injury through increasing miR-133a and improving pro-apoptosis/anti-apoptosis balance in ovariectomized rats
Parisa
Habibi
Neurophysiology research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
author
Alireza
Alihemmati
Department of Histology & Embryology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
author
Nasser
Ahmadiasl
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
author
Abolfazl
Fateh
Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
author
Enaiat
Anvari
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): The useful and effective role of exercise program to prevent cardiac tissue apoptosis and fibrosis in ovariectomized type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats (OVR.D) is well known. The current study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effects of T2DM and swimming plan on the expression of some apoptotic, anti-apoptotic biomarkers and glycogen changes in the cardiac muscle tissue of ovariectomized (OVR) rats.Materials and Methods: Forty rats were randomly sorted into 4 equal categories; sham, OVR, OVR.D and diabetic ovariectomized with an 8 week of swimming plan (OVR.D.E). Lipid profile and miR-133, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-8 levels were evaluated in the cardiac tissue.Results: Ovariectomy significantly (P-value<0.05) increased cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8 and decreased (P-value<0.05) HDL, miR-133, Bcl-2 in the cardiac tissue and a further reduction in the expression of miR-133, Bcl-2 and an enhancement in Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in OVR.D rats was observed (P-value<0.01). However, exercise training significantly reversed all the measured parameters (P-value<0.05). Also, exercise training improved abnormal tissue structure, fragmentation and irregular form of glycogen granules in the OVR.D.E compared to OVR and OVR.D animals.Conclusion: Exercise training could prevent the cardiac disturbance, enhance the expression of anti-apoptotic markers and decrease apoptotic biomarkers in the hearts of OVR.D animals. Therefore, based on the findings of this study suggested using the exercise’s beneficial effects for prevention of the cardiac cell death in OVR.D animals.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
79
85
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14087_7e20f5284181a2d7b8bc9e204ed01783.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.36731.8750
Vitamin E therapy prevents the accumulation of congophilic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Mehrdad
Jahanshahi
Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
author
Emsehgol
Nikmahzar
Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
author
Ali
Sayyahi
Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Vitamin E may have beneficial effects on oxidative stress and Aβ-associated reactive oxygen species production in Alzheimer’s disease. But, the exact role of vitamin E as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis still needs to be studied. Hence, we examined the therapeutic effects of vitamin E on the density of congophilic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in rats’ hippocampi.Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (no drug treatment), sham scopolamine (3 mg/kg)+saline and Sham scopolamine+sesame oil groups, and three experimental groups that received scopolamine+vitamin E (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) daily for 14 days after scopolamine injection. The rats’ brains were collected immediately following transcardial perfusion and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Pathological brain alterations were monitored through Congo red and bielschowsky silver staining.Results: Scopolamine treatment led to a significant increase in the density of congophilic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus. IP injection of vitamin E in three doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced increase of the congophilic amyloid plaque density and density of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus. Although vitamin E (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) doses were also effective, but a 100 mg/kg/day dose of vitamin E was more effective in the reduction of congophilic amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle density. Conclusion: Vitamin E could exert a therapeutic effect in the reduction of congophilic amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle density in the hippocampus of scopolamine-treated rats and it is useful for Alzheimer’s disease.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
86
92
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14237_b2dcacc47bbaa149f99d31a6a592b0cb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.38165.9067
Chronic consumption of cassava juice induces cellular stress in rat substantia nigra
Christian
de Jesús Rosas-Jarquín
Posgrado en Neuroetología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana. Xalapa, Veracruz. Mexico
author
Eduardo
Rivadeneyra-Domínguez
Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana. Xalapa, Veracruz. Mexico
author
Bertha
Alicia León-Chávez
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Puebla. Mexico
author
Rasajna
Nadella
IIIT Srikakulam, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT); International collaboration ID: 1840; India
author
Aurora del
Carmen Sánchez-García
Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”. Ciudad de México. Mexico
author
Daniel
Rembao-Bojórquez
Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”. Ciudad de México. Mexico
author
Juan
Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz. Mexico
author
Daniel
Hernandez-Baltazar
CONACyT-Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana. Xalapa, Veracruz. Mexico
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) contains cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin and lotaustralin) that have been associated with neurological disorders in humans and rats. In basal ganglia, the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) show high cytotoxic susceptibility; therefore, the chronic consumption of cassava (CCC) could induce neurodegeneration in SNpc. In this study we examine the impact of CCC on the integrity of the nigrostriatal system, including apoptosis and microgliosis. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered cassava juice daily (3.57 g/kg and 28.56 g/kg, per os) or linamarin (0.15 mg/ml, IP), and its effects were evaluated in rota-rod and swim tests at days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of administration. In SNpc, oxidative/nitrosative stress was determined by malondialdehyde/4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA-4-HAD) and nitrite contents. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR) was evaluated in SNpc, neostriatum (NE), and nucleus accumbens (NA). Apoptosis and microgliosis were determined by active-caspase-3 (C3) and CD11b/c (OX42) expression in the medial region of SNpc. Results: Chronic administration of cassava juice, or linamarin, increased motor impairment. The rats that received 28.56 g/kg cassava showed increased MDA-4-HAD content in SNpc and nitrite levels in NE with respect to controls. Significant loss of TH-IR in SNpc, NE, and NA was not found. The 28.56 g/kg cassava administration produced dopaminergic atrophy and microgliosis, whereas linamarin induced hypertrophy and C3-related apoptosis in SNpc. Conclusion: CCC induces cellular stress on dopaminergic neurons, which could contribute to motor impairment in the rat.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
93
101
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14198_b53d55f9a6d0d5bb430ec44ee84f32d2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.38460.9131
Protective effect of crocin on electromagnetic field-induced testicular damage and heat shock protein A2 expression in male BALB/c mice
shayan
Vafaei
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Fatemeh
Motejaded
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Alireza
Ebrahimzadeh-bideskan
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted from mobile phones may cause a deleterious effect on human health and may affect the male reproductive system. Crocin, a carotenoid isolated from Crocus Sativus L. (Saffron), is a pharmacologically active component of saffron. So, this study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of crocin on the male reproductive system of 60 day old mice after EMF exposure. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1. Em group (2100 MHZ); 2. Cr group (50 mg/kg); 3. Em+Cr group (2100 MHZ+50 mg/kg), and 4. Control group. Sperm parameters (count, and abnormal percent), testis weight index, testis volume, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium thickness, LH, FSH and testosterone serum level, testicular Heat shock protein A2 (HspA2) immunoreactivity, and apoptosis were evaluated.Results: HspA2 immunoreactivity, apoptosis in the germinal epithelium and abnormal sperm were increased in Em group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Sperm count, LH, and testosterone serum level were decreased in the Em group compared with the control group (P<0.05). These parameters were improved in the Em+Cr group compared with Em group significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: our findings revealed that EMF exposure leads to harmful impressions on the male reproductive system, while crocin can attenuate EMF-induced destructive effects.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
102
110
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14238_2b32d85364258ef71773ab0501d1d359.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.38896.9229
Investigating the role of acute and repeated stress on remote ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection
Sakshi
Tyagi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Punjabi University, Patiala, India
author
Simranjot
Kaur
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Punjabi University, Patiala, India
author
Nirmal
Singh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Punjabi University, Patiala, India
author
Amteshwar
Jaggi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Punjabi University, Patiala, India
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): To study the effect of acute and repeated stress on cardioprotection-induced by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC).Materials and Methods: RIPC was induced by giving 4 short cycles of ischemia and reperfusion, each consisting of five min. The Langendorff’s apparatus was used to perfuse the isolated rat hearts by subjecting the hearts to global ischemia of 30 min and reperfusion of 120 min. The coronary effluent was collected to measure the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) for the assessment of injury to the myocardium. Myocardial infarct size was measured by the use of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Acute stress was induced by subjecting the animals to cold immersion stress for 5 min. However, in the case of stress adaptation, rats were exposed to a homotypic stressor (cold-water immersion stress) each of 5 min duration for five consecutive days. Results: RIPC demonstrated a significant decrease in ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in terms of decrease in LDH, CK, and infarct size. However, acute stress for five minutes prior to RIPC significantly abolished its cardioprotective effects. Exogenous administration of adenosine restored RIPC-induced cardioprotective effects in the presence of acute stress. On repeated stress exposure for 5 days, stress adaptation was noted, and there was no effect of repeated stress exposure on RIPC-induced cardioprotection. However, the cardioprotective effects of adenosine were absent in the case of rats subjected to repeated episodes of stress.Conclusion: Acute stress, but not repeated stress exposure, may alter the release of adenosine during RIPC, which may be manifested in the form of reduced cardioprotection during ischemic-reperfusion injury.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
111
116
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14183_f5d9968f126eb67eabb517f77e0d2ea8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.36416.8678
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on CREB-TrkB-BDNF pathway in the hippocampus of diabetic rats
Hoda
Nadimi
Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Abolghassem
Djazayery
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad Hassan
Javanbakht
Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Ahmadreza
Dehpour
Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Ehsan
Ghaedi
Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Hoda
Derakhshanian
Department of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Genetics, Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
author
Hamed
Mohammadi
Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
author
Seyedeh Neda
Mousavi
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
author
Mahmoud
Djalali
Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) response element-binding protein (CREB) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are reported to broadly involve in learning capacity and memory. BDNF exerts its functions via tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). BDNF transcription is regulated by stimulating CREB phosphorylation. The CREB-TrkB-BDNF pathway is reported to be affected by diabetes, which may contribute to its cognitive deficits. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the hippocampal fraction of this pathway in an animal model of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and Methods: Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: Group 1: normal healthy rats (n=8); group 2: normal healthy rats receiving sesame oil supplementation as placebo (n=8); Group 3: diabetic rats receiving sesame oil (n=10); and Group 4: diabetic rats treated with 4300 IU/kg/week vitamin D dissolved in sesame oil (n=10). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin. Blood and hippocampal samples were acquired at the end of the experiment. RNA was extracted from the hippocampus, and real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was performed for BDNF and TrkB gene expression. Results: Administration of vitamin D (4300 IU/kg/week) in a T1DM animal model increased CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus, but the serum and hippocampal BDNF levels and TrkB and BDNF gene expression did not change significantly.Conclusion: Vitamin D increased hippocampal CREB phosphorylation in a T1DM animal model. Our findings showed that vitamin D might be protective against central nervous system complications in diabetes. However, future studies are warranted.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
117
123
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14180_b20dac115b1e2899cd1b1ec79c94fe42.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.38170.9068
Biological behaviors of muscarinic receptors in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human placenta and bone marrow
Arash
Alizadeh Yegani
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hatay, Turkey
author
Erkan
Maytalman
Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Antalya, Turkey
author
Ilknur
Kozanoglu
Başkent University, Faculty of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Adana, Turkey
author
Menderes Yusuf
Terzi
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Hatay, Turkey
author
Fazilet
Aksu
Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Adana, Turkey
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Cells perform their functional activities by communicating with each other through endogenous substances and receptors. Post-translation, stem cells function properly in new host tissue by carrying specific cell surface receptors. We aimed to characterize muscarinic receptor subtypes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) together with osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation markers.Materials and Methods: mRNA levels of 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes (CHRM1 to 5), BMP-6, and PPARγ during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, under the effect of atropine blockade, were measured in MSCs obtained from human fetal membrane (FM) and bone marrow (BM). Additionally, the effect of atropine on differentiation in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd passages of MSCs, obtained from human FM and BM, were analyzed by RT-qPCR.Results: CHRM1 mRNA levels increased in the FM group, while decreasing in the BM group. We found significant decreases in CHRM3 and CHRM5 mRNA levels in FM and BM groups, respectively. Atropine had variable effects based on cell source and receptor type. BMP-6 mRNA levels in differentiated osteogenic cells increased significantly compared to undifferentiated cells in both FM and BM groups. In MSCs derived from both sources, PPARγ mRNA levels in differentiated adipogenic cells increased significantly. Atropine showed no effect on MSCs differentiation.Conclusion: These results indicate that expressions of muscarinic receptors in MSCs derived from BM and FM can vary and these cells keep the potential of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Besides, atropine had no effect on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
124
132
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14086_bc78ad073b8bb421c6272e8adba28a7b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.38582.9151
Streptococcus pyogenes strains associated with invasive and non-invasive infections present possible links with emm types and superantigens
Rao Muhammad Abid
Khan
Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
author
Sana
Anwar
Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
author
Zaid Ahmed
Pirzada
Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objective(s): Streptococcus pyogenes, a notorious human pathogen is responsible to cause a wide range of infections varies from superficial common clinical illness to severe and life threatening infections. To our knowledge this is the first report exploring the emm types and superantigen/exotoxin gene profile of S. pyogenes from Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 S. pyogenes strains were collected predominantly from throat swabs followed by pus, tissues and wound swabs. Profile of five superantigen genes speA, speB, speC, speF and ssa was screened for all the emm types. Results: Extensive heterogeneity among S. pyogenes strains was indicated, revealing 34 different emm types/ subtypes. The most prevalent emm types were emm68 and emm104. Some of the emm types were exclusively isolated from invasive infections while others were isolated only from non-invasive infections indicating the possible link between emm types and invasive/ noninvasive infections. Similarly, erythromycin-resistant strains mainly belonged to three particular emm types. Multiplex PCR analysis indicated the presence of speB 100%, speF 76%, speC 20%, speA 18% and ssa 15%. Interestingly, superantigen genes speC and speA were mainly associated with invasive infections. Among the five superantigens tested, one strain of emm12 harbored all the analyzed exotoxin genes, while 4 strains carried 4 superantigen genes. Conclusion: S. pyogenes clones associated with invasive and non-invasive infections in Pakistan present differences in emm types, superantigens and antimicrobial resistance. The present data indicates the possible link between particular genetic lineage of a bacterium with the manifestation of the infection.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
23
v.
1
no.
2020
133
139
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_14235_e153aa4dc748f99b544f945749eb6628.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.38635.9164