@article { author = {Gholamhoseinian, Ahmad and Fallah, Hossein and Sharifi-far, Fariba and Mirtajaddini, Mansour}, title = {The Inhibitory Effect of Some Iranian Plants Extracts on the Alpha Glucosidase}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2008.5190}, abstract = {Objective Diabetes mellitus is manifested by hyperglycaemia. Different treatments such as diets and drugs are recommended for diabetes control. For various reasons in recent years traditional plant (herbal) therapies as prescribed by indigenous systems of medicine with different mechanisms have commonly been used. The digestive enzymes such as alpha glucosidase are among these herbal remedies. Materials and Methods One hundred species of plants were collected or purchased from the Medicinal Herbal Markets and botanically identified. Methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared by the maceration method. The enzymatic activities of alpha glucosidase were determined colorimetrically by monitoring the release of       p-nitrophenol from the appropriate p-nitrophenol glycoside substrate, after 30 mins incubation at 37 ◦C in the phosphate buffer (pH= 6.8). Results Among 200 prepared extracts, Verbascum kermanensis, Rosa damascene, Rosmarinus officinalis, Levisticum officinale, Zataria multiflora Sanguisorba minor, Alhagi camelorum, Pistacia vera, Vaccinium arcto-staphylus, Zhumeria majdae, Alpinia officinarum, Salvadora persica, and Thymus serpyllum showed more than 50% inhibitory effect on the alpha glucosidase. Conclusion These active plants have no records in the literature for their anti diabetic effect and might be the new agents for diabetes control. This needs further in vitro and in vivo studies, some of which are under investigation}, keywords = {Alpha glucosidase,Diabetes,Herbals,Hyperglycemia,Inhibitors,Plant}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5190.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5190_f43c88d4cc2c5e331b2670582c30064f.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashemibeni, Batool and Razavi, Shahnaz and Esfandiary, Ebrahim and Karbasi, Saeed and Mardani, Mohammad and Nasresfahani, Mohsen}, title = {Induction of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with TGF-β3 in Pellet Culture System}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {10-17}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2008.5191}, abstract = {Objective Adult stem cells which are derived from different tissues, with their unique abilities to self-renew and differentiate into various phenotypes have the potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Human adipose tissue is an appropriate source of mesenchymal stem cells with wide differentiation potential for tissue engineering research. In this study isolated stem cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated for chondrogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in pellet culture system treated withtransforming growth factor- β3 (TGF-β3). Materials and Methods Human ADSCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and digested with collagenase type I. Immunocytochemical method for cell surface antigens was done in order to characterize the cells. The isolated cells were treated with chondrogenic medium, supplemented with TGF-β3 in pellet culture system and harvested after 21 days. Histological staining was used to evaluate the presence of proteoglycan, with alcian blue. Immunohistochemical method performed for the assessment of cartilage–specific type II collagen and aggrecan. Also, in order to confirm our results, we managed RT-PCR technique. Results Chondrogenesis of ADSCs in pellet culture, induced by TGF-β3 growth factor. Histological and immunohistochemical methods showed deposition of typical cartilage extracellular matrix components in pellets. RT-PCR analysis of cartilage matrix genes, such as type II collagen and aggrecan, also, confirmed the induction of the chondrocytic phenotype in high-density culture upon stimulation with TGF-β3.  Conclusion TGF-β3 promoted chondrogenesis of ADSC in pellet culture system. We suggest that human subcutaneous adipose stem cells could be excellent candidates for the cartilage tissue engineering.}, keywords = {Adipose,Chondrogenesis,Stem cell,Tissue engineering,TGF- β3}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5191.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5191_9d63cb89992d23723c9c94830a99f33f.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosseini-sharifabad, Mohammad and Sabahi, Abdoreza}, title = {Exposure to Chronic Noise Reduces the Volume of Hippocampal Subregions in Rats}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {18-24}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2008.5192}, abstract = {Objective The hippocampal circuit integrity is crucial for learning and memory. Despite the existing reports on hippocampal–dependent memory impairment due to noise stress, there are only a few studies on the effect of noise stress on anatomical structure of hippocampus. The present study is aimed to investigate the likely effects of chronic noise exposure on the volume of rat hippocampus. Materials and Methods Two-month male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each group). In the control group rats were maintained under standard laboratory conditions (150 days). In the noise-exposed group: Rats were exposed to 40 dB unmodulated sinosoidal noise with a frequency of 1100 Hz for 20 mins, three times per day for 90 days. The recovery group rats were exposed to noise for 90 days and allowed to survive without further treatment until the day of sacrifice (180th day). The right hemispheres were selected for stereological study. Twenty five μm thick sections were cut along the entire extent of the hippocampus. Using systematic uniformly random sampling, one section from every twenty sections was analyzed. Volume estimation was performed using Cavalieri principle. Results Statistical analysis revealed that noise stress induces a significant reduction in volume of all layers of hippocampal subdivisions, except CA1 hippocampal field. In addition, we found that rats which were allowed to recover from noise displayed larger volume ofdentate gyrus and CA3 hippocampal field in comparison to noise-exposed rats. Conclusion Reduced volume of hippocampal layers most probably reflects structural alterations in the neurites of related neurons. These results provide a neuroanatomical basis that may be relevant to the reported memory disturbances in human and animals following noise stress.}, keywords = {Hippocampus,Noise pollution,Volume estimation}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5192.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5192_77cceaeea6c777433d834b7d4c215d30.pdf} } @article { author = {Khanafari, Anita and Tayari, Khatereh and Emami, Masoud}, title = {Light Requirement for the Carotenoids Production by Mucor hiemalis}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {25-32}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2008.5193}, abstract = {Objective Fungi produce many different carotenoids and some are attractive in medical and industrial sources. In this work the ability of Mucor hiemalis (PTCC 5292) to produce carotenoids in media with different nitrogenous and carbon sources and incubation with white, yellow, blue and red lights (15W, 220V, E27) against dark-grown were studied. Materials and Method The microorganism cultivation in SDA medium, with or without aeration (120 rpm) at 25 °C. Mycelia were collected and dried at 50 °C. The dried mycelia were homogenized in hexane, acetone and H2SO4 (0.5 M) solvents.  The carotenoids determined by TLC and HPLC methods. Results Theresults showed that M. hiemalis accumulated astaxanthin (mono-esters, di-esters and free), echinenone and canthaxanthin in the mycelia in different conditions. Blue and white lights incubation was the best for production of carotenoid pigments with 1.2 and 1.33 mg/g dried mycelia respectively, but the red light incubation not only did not have an amplifying effect on the production of carotenoid but also slightly reduced this effect. Also, the effect of intervention of lactose sugar showed more effectiveness in producing carotenoid than yeast extract and dextrose or in the presence of both of them. Conclusion The information reported in this study on the comparative ability of M. hiemalis for producing carotenoids, should be useful for assessing the biotechnological production of carotenoid pigments if it incubates with white or blue lights.  }, keywords = {Carotenoids,HPLC,Light,Mucor hiemalis,TLC}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5193.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5193_2401156469148f16ef3541ed642708d2.pdf} } @article { author = {K. Oskuee, Reza and Dehshahri, Ali and T. Shier, Wayne. and Ramezani, Mohammad}, title = {Modified Polyethylenimine: Self Assemble Nanoparticle Forming Polymer for pDNA Delivery}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {33-40}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2008.5194}, abstract = {Objective Polyethylenimine (PEI), a readily available synthetic polycation which has high transfection efficiency owing to its buffering capacity was introduced for transfection a few years ago. But it has been reported that PEI is cytotoxic in many cell lines. In this study, in order to enhance the transfection efficiency of 10 kDa PEI and reduce its toxicity, hydrophobic residues were grafted on PEI. Materials and Methods PEI polymers were modified by adding hydrophobic chains to the primary amines of PEI in different degrees of grafting using bromoacetic acid derivatives with different lengths. These polymers were complexed with plasmid DNA at different C/P ratios and the resulting nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and EtBr-DNA binding assay to determine particle sizes and complex formation, respectively. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of the polymers were also tested in cultured Neuro2a cell line. Results DNA condensation measurement revealed that the resulted polymers could form polyplexes with plasmid DNA and they have the ability to condense DNA in relatively low amounts of polymers. Particle size measurement of polyplexes showed that they form particles in the size range of below 190 nm. Transfection experiments showed that polymers which have been modified with hexanoic derivative could transfect pDNA as good as 25 kDa PEI with the advantage of being much less toxic. Conclusion Results indicate that the structure modifications of PEI accomplished in this study play a significant role in increasing the transfection efficiency and without inducing the cytotoxicity compared to PEI itself.  }, keywords = {Gene delivery,Nanoparticle,Polyethylenimine,Transfection}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5194.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5194_0b1f380e6f1286eb50f87114ee7a0c04.pdf} } @article { author = {Qaziasgar, Leila and Kermanshahi, Rouha Kasra}, title = {Effect of Anti-Microbial Fiber and its Interaction with Penicillin G on Opportunistic Skin Micro-Flora}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {41-48}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2008.5195}, abstract = {Objective The standard of hygiene in daily life and hospitals can be increased by the use of new antimicrobial fibers, which diminish the danger of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of special fibers on some staphylococcus isolates was investigated. Materials and Methods The antimicrobial effect of special type of fibers produced in Isfahan Poly Acryl Plant on three species of Staphylococcus aureus, epidermidis and lugdunensis isolated from 96 samples of hand and foot skin    micro-flora was studied. The sensitivity of strains regarding resistant strains, to various antibiotics and beta-lactamase enzyme production was studied. The most resistance to antibiotics and beta-lactamase producer were chosen. Using the cup plate method, the inhibiting effect of pure antimicrobial agent on these strains was proven. Next, using shake flask method the effect of antimicrobial fiber on these strains was studied. In order to compare the effect of the antimicrobial agent of the fiber with that of penicillin G, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fiber antimicrobial agent and of penicillin G was tested on the strains. The effect of the interaction of these two antimicrobial agents and their fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) on the chosen strains was studied using checkerboard method. Results The results show a significant effect by antimicrobial fiber with 30%, 60% and 100% antimicrobial agent on Staphylococcus species after 24 hrs. Moreover despite the high level MIC of penicillin G on these bacteria   (8-256 µg/ml), the MIC of the pure antimicrobial agent of fiber at a level of 10-4 µl/ml caused growth inhibition. The interaction of these two antibacterial agents on the chosen strains was evaluated as synergism. Conclusion According to this study the antimicrobial effect of the fiber on growth inhibition of common, resistant skin bacterial flora is positive and therefore may be used after other successful clinical trials.}, keywords = {Antimicrobial fibers,Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC),Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC),Skin micro-flora}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5195.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5195_289d27dc3c7ed8599ba4bb245efce327.pdf} } @article { author = {Rashidi, Mohammad-Reza and Rahnama, Badrossadat}, title = {Effect of Meal Frequency on Human Serum Complements C3 and C4}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {49-54}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2008.5196}, abstract = {Objective Despite numerous reports on the effects of meal frequency on biochemical parameters such as plasma lipid profile, glucose and insulin, there is almost no study to investigate the influence of meal frequency on immune system. In the present article, for the first time, the effect of meal frequency on complement components C3 and C4, as key components of the complement system, has been investigated. Materials and Methods The subjects of this study were fifteen healthy nonsmoker males aged 27.4±6 years. All subjects were placed on two identical diets, in which they consumed the same food either as nine snacks at 2 hrs intervals (nibbling diet) or three meals at 7 hrs intervals (gorging diet). Each diet was continued for fourteen days. At the end of each program, a fasting blood sample was obtained and its complements C3 and C4 levels were determined. The results were compared using Student’s paired t-test. Results Nibbling diet led to a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the complement C3 level compared to the normal dietary regimen (111.6±34.5 vs. 140.0±27.5 mg/dl). On the other hand, during gorging period, no significant change was observed in complement C3 level compared with the control value 145.7±51.5 vs. 140.0±27.5 mg/dl). However, the level of complement C4 increased significantly (P< 0.05) following gorging diet (25.6 ±15.5 vs. 37.6±11.5 mg/dl). Conclusion According to the results obtained, a change in the number of meals may alter the serum levels of complements C3 and C4 with a decrease in both complements levels and an increase in C4 level during nibbling and gorging dietary regimens, respectively.}, keywords = {Complements,Gorging,Meal frequency,Nibbling}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5196.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5196_ef67684e766b6958c47127849298d965.pdf} } @article { author = {Varasteh, Abdol-Reza and Hashemi, Maryam and Baranzadeh, Narjess and Jaafari, Mahmoud-Reza}, title = {Optimization of Anti-Rh D Immunoglobulin Stability in the Lyophilization Processes}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {55-61}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2008.5197}, abstract = {Objective Anti-Rh D IgG is used for the prevention of anti-D antibody production in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ red blood cells. The stability of IgG preparations as a solution is low, with a shelf life of a year or more. Formulation of anti-Rh D IgG as a lyophilized preparation would decrease its degradation rate and increases its shelf life. The objective of this study was to formulate the anti-Rh D as a lyophilized preparation using different formulations and optimize the lyophilization processes. Materials and Methods The effect of various formulations on the stability of anti-Rh D was evaluated using accelerated stability test.  In this method the amount of transmittance (T %) at 585 nm for the lyophilized preparations had inverse relationship with aggregation of anti-Rh D. To improve stability, the most stable formulation was selected and different concentrations of sucrose in the presence of sodium-potassium phosphate buffer 25 mM pH 7.5. Then, the bioactivity was determined, using the ELAT test and also, the amount of moisture measured in this formulation. Results Among different formulations, the one with anti-Rh D 5 mg/ml, tween 80 0.1%, glycine 0.15 M, manitol 7% and sucrose 60 mM in sodium-potassium phosphate buffer 25 mM pH 7.5 was the most stable formulation (P<0.05). The result of biological test of ELAT showed that bioactivity of more than 93% meets the requirement set by British Pharmacopoeia. The amount of moisture measured in this formulation was less than 3%.    Conclusion It was concluded that this formulation could be introduced as a candidate for the formulation of anti-Rh D in a lyophilized dosage form.}, keywords = {Anti-Rh D IgG,Bioactivity,Formulation,Lyophilization,Protein stability}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5197.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5197_1a4417e0d5d3cb757b3a199051dfce8a.pdf} }