ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Women with hereditary breast cancer predispositions should avoid using their smartphones, tablets and laptops at night
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, both in the developed and developing countries. Women with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Recent studies show that short-wavelength visible light disturb the secretion of melatonin and causes circadian rhythm disruption. We have previously studied the health effects of exposure to different levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, and radars. Moreover, over the past several years, we investigated the health effects of exposure to the short wavelength visible light in the blue region emitted from digital screens. The reduction of melatonin secretion after exposure to blue light emitted from smartphone’s screen has been reported to be associated with the negative impact of smartphone use at night on sleep. We have shown that both the blue light and RF-EMFs generated by mobile phones are linked to the disruption of the circadian rhythm in people who use their phones at night. Therefore, if women with hereditary breast cancer predispositions use their smartphones, tablets and laptops at night, disrupted circadian rhythms (suppression of melatonin caused by exposure to blue light emitted from the digital screens), amplifies the risk of breast cancer. It can be concluded that women who carry mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2, or women with family history of breast cancer should avoid using their smartphones, tablets and laptops at night. Using sunglasses with amber lenses, or smartphone applications which decrease the users’ exposure to blue light before sleep, at least to some extent, can decrease the risk of circadian rhythm disruption and breast cancer.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10067_967725a290bee7c770f1caf8d2735210.pdf
2018-02-01
112
115
10.22038/ijbms.2018.27711.6751
Blue light
BRCA mutation
Circadian
Digital screens
Laptops
Melatonin
Rhythm
Smartphones
Seyed Ali Reza
Mortazavi
1
School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Mohammad Javad
Mortazavi
s.m.javad.mortazavi@fccc.edu
2
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Jara L, Morales S, de Mayo T, Gonzalez-Hormazabal P, Carrasco V, Godoy R. Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes in central and south American populations. Biol Res 2017;50:35.
1
2. Ghoncheh M, Pournamdar Z, Salehiniya H. Incidence and mortality and epidemiology of breast cancer in the world. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016;17(S3):43-46.
2
3. Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, Phillips KA, Mooij TM, Roos-Blom MJ, et al. Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA 2017;317:2402-2416.
3
4. Stevens RG, Zhu Y. Electric light, particularly at night, disrupts human circadian rhythmicity: is that a problem? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015;370.
4
5. Datta K, Roy A, Nanda D, Das I, Guha S, Ghosh D, et al. Association of breast cancer with sleep pattern-a pilot case control study in a regional cancer centre in South Asia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;15:8641-8645.
5
6. Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Meng X, Zhang J-J, Xu D-P, et al. Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Oncotarget. 2017; 8:39896-39921.
6
7. Liu Z, Zou D, Yang X, Xue X, Zuo L, Zhou Q, et al. Melatonin inhibits colon cancer RKO cell migration by downregulating Rho‑associated protein kinase expression via the p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017;16:9383-9392.
7
8. Asghari MH, Moloudizargari M, Ghobadi E, Fallah M, Abdollahi M. Melatonin as a multifunctional anti-cancer molecule: Implications in gastric cancer. Life Sci 2017; 185:38-45.
8
9. Chuffa LGA, Reiter RJ, Lupi LA. Melatonin as a promising agent to treat ovarian cancer: molecular mechanisms. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:945-952.
9
10. Kim T-H, Cho S-G. Melatonin-induced KiSS1 expression inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell invasiveness. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2511-2516.
10
11. Mao L, Yuan L, Slakey LM, Jones FE, Burow ME, Hill SM. Inhibition of breast cancer cell invasion by melatonin is mediated through regulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Breast Cancer Res 2010;12:R107.
11
12. Zou DB, Wei X, Hu RL, Yang XP, Zuo L, Zhang SM, et al. Melatonin inhibits the migration of colon cancer RKO cells by down-regulating myosin light chain kinase expression through cross-talk with p38 MAPK. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:5835-5842.
12
13. Ordonez R, Carbajo-Pescador S, Prieto-Dominguez N, Garcia-Palomo A, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Mauriz JL. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and nuclear factor kappa B contribute to melatonin prevention of motility and invasiveness in HepG2 liver cancer cells. J Pineal Res. 2014; 56:20-30.
13
14. Zhou Q, Gui S, Zhou Q, Wang Y. Melatonin inhibits the migration of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell lines involving JNK/MAPK pathway. PLoS One. 2014; 9:e101132.
14
15. Smolensky MH, Sackett-Lundeen LL, Portaluppi F. Nocturnal light pollution and underexposure to daytime sunlight: Complementary mechanisms of circadian disruption and related diseases. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:1029-1048.
15
16. Kim YJ, Lee E, Lee HS, Kim M, Park MS. High prevalence of breast cancer in light polluted areas in urban and rural regions of South Korea: An ecologic study on the treatment prevalence of female cancers based on National Health Insurance data. Chronobiol Int. 2015;32:657-667.
16
17. Bedrosian TA, Nelson RJ. Timing of light exposure affects mood and brain circuits. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1017.
17
18. Bedrosian TA, Nelson RJ. Influence of the modern light environment on mood. Mol Psychiatry 2013;18:751-757.
18
19. Blask DE, Brainard GC, Dauchy RT, Hanifin JP, Davidson LK, Krause JA, et al. Melatonin-depleted blood from premenopausal women exposed to light at night stimulates growth of human breast cancer xenografts in nude rats. Cancer Res 2005;65:11174-11184.
19
20. Fonken LK, Workman JL, Walton JC, Weil ZM, Morris JS, Haim A, et al. Light at night increases body mass by shifting the time of food intake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2010; 107:18664-18669.
20
21. Davies TW, Smyth T. Why artificial light at night should be a focus for global change research in the 21st century. Chronobiology international. Glob Chang Biol 2017 [Epub ahead of print]
21
22. Wyse CA, Selman C, Page MM, Coogan AN, Hazlerigg DG. Circadian desynchrony and metabolic dysfunction; did light pollution make us fat? Med Hypotheses. 2011; 77:1139-1144.
22
23. Cisse YM, Russart KLG, Nelson RJ. Depressive-like behavior is elevated among offspring of parents exposed to dim light at night prior to mating. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 83:182-186.
23
24. Touitou Y, Reinberg A, Touitou D. Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption. Life Sci 2017;173:94-106.
24
25. Ball LJ, Palesh O, Kriegsfeld LJ. The pathophysiologic role of disrupted circadian and neuroendocrine rhythms in breast carcinogenesis. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:450-466.
25
26. Lin X, Chen W, Wei F, Ying M, Wei W, Xie X. Night-shift work increases morbidity of breast cancer and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 16 prospective cohort studies. Sleep Med 2015; 16:1381-1387.
26
27. Kim KY, Lee E, Kim YJ, Kim J. The association between artificial light at night and prostate cancer in Gwangju City and South Jeolla Province of South Korea. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:203-211.
27
28. Cho Y, Ryu SH, Lee BR, Kim KH, Lee E, Choi J. Effects of artificial light at night on human health: A literature review of observational and experimental studies applied to exposure assessment. Chronobiol Int. 2015; 32:1294-1310.
28
29. Mortazavi SM, Rahimi S, Talebi A, Soleimani A, Rafati A. Survey of the effects of exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted by a GSM mobile phone on the pattern of muscle contractions in an animal model. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:121-132.
29
30. Mortazavi SAR, Mortazavi G, Mortazavi SMJ. Comments on "Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and some cancers of unknown etiology: An ecological study". Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:1.
30
31. Zarei S, Mortazavi SM, Mehdizadeh AR, Jalalipour M, Borzou S, Taeb S, et al. A challenging issue in the etiology of speech problems: The effect of maternal exposure to electromagnetic fields on speech problems in the offspring. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:151-154.
31
32. Mokarram P, Sheikhi M, Mortazavi SMJ, Saeb S, Shokrpour N. Effect of exposure to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on estrogen receptor methylation status in colon cells of male sprague dawley rats. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:79-86.
32
33. Eghlidospour M, Ghanbari A, Mortazavi SMJ, Azari H. Effects of radiofrequency exposure emitted from a GSM mobile phone on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells. Anat Cell Biol 2017; 50:115-123.
33
34. Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, Mansouri S, Hatam GR, Nouri F. Evaluation of the effect of radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi router and mobile phone simulator on the antibacterial susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325816688527.
34
35. Mortazavi SAR, Mortazavi SMJ, Paknahad M. The role of electromagnetic fields in neurological disorders. J Chem Neuroanat 2016;77:78-79.
35
36. Mortazavi SM, Rouintan MS, Taeb S, Dehghan N, Ghaffarpanah AA, Sadeghi Z, et al. Human short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones decreases computer-assisted visual reaction time. Acta Neurol Belg 2012; 112:171-175.
36
37. Mortazavi SM. Subjective Symptoms Related to GSM Radiation from Mobile Phone Base Stations: a cross-sectional study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2014; 4:39-40.
37
38. Mortazavi SM, Motamedifar M, Namdari G, Taheri M, Mortazavi AR, Shokrpour N. Non-linear adaptive phenomena which decrease the risk of infection after pre-exposure to radiofrequency radiation. Dose Response 2013; 12:233-245.
38
39. Mortazavi SM, Mahbudi A, Atefi M, Bagheri S, Bahaedini N, Besharati A. An old issue and a new look: electromagnetic hypersensitivity caused by radiations emitted by GSM mobile phones. Technol Health Care 2011; 19:435-443.
39
40. Mortazavi SM, Ahmadi J, Shariati M. Prevalence of subjective poor health symptoms associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields among university students. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28:326-330.
40
41. Mortazavi S. Safety issues of mobile phone base stations. J Biomed Phys Eng 2013; 3:1-2.
41
42. Parsaei H, Faraz M, Mortazavi S. A multilayer perceptron neural network–based model for predicting subjective health symptoms in people living in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations. Ecopsychology. 2017; 9:99-105.
42
43. Mortazavi G, Mortazavi SM. Increased mercury release from dental amalgam restorations after exposure to electromagnetic fields as a potential hazard for hypersensitive people and pregnant women. Rev Environ Health 2015; 30:287-292.
43
44. Mortazavi SA, Taeb S, Mortazavi SM, Zarei S, Haghani M, Habibzadeh P, et al. The fundamental reasons why laptop computers should not be used on your lap. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:279-284.
44
45. Paknahad M, Mortazavi SM, Shahidi S, Mortazavi G, Haghani M. Effect of radiofrequency radiation from Wi-Fi devices on mercury release from amalgam restorations. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2016;14:12.
45
46. Shekoohi-Shooli F, Mortazavi SM, Shojaei-Fard MB, Nematollahi S, Tayebi M. Evaluation of the protective role of vitamin c on the metabolic and enzymatic activities of the liver in the male rats after exposure to 2.45 GHz of Wi-Fi routers. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2016; 6:157-164.
46
47. Taheri M, Mortazavi SM, Moradi M, Mansouri S, Nouri F, Mortazavi SA, et al. Klebsiella pneumonia, a microorganism that approves the non-linear responses to antibiotics and window theory after exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:115-120.
47
48. Oh JH, Yoo H, Park HK, Do YR. Analysis of circadian properties and healthy levels of blue light from smartphones at night. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11325.
48
49. Bruni O, Sette S, Fontanesi L, Baiocco R, Laghi F, Baumgartner E. Technology use and sleep quality in preadolescence and adolescence. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015; 11:1433-1441.
49
50. Yoshimura M, Kitazawa M, Maeda Y, Mimura M, Tsubota K, Kishimoto T. Smartphone viewing distance and sleep: an experimental study utilizing motion capture technology. Nat Sci Sleep 2017; 9:59-65.
50
51. Mortazavi S, Mortazavi S, Habibzadeh P, Mortazavi G. Is it blue light or increased electromagnetic fields which affects the circadian rhythm in people who use smartphones at night. Iran J Public Health 2016; 45:405-406.
51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Potential of polymeric particles as future vaccine delivery systems/adjuvants for parenteral and non-parenteral immunization against tuberculosis: A systematic review
Objective(s): Production of effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is necessity. However, the development of new subunit vaccines is faced with concerns about their weak immunogenicity. To overcome such problems, polymers-based vaccine delivery systems have been proposed to be used via various routes. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of polymeric particles as future vaccine delivery systems/adjuvants for parenteral and non-parenteral immunization against TB. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Science-Direct, and the ISI web of knowledge databases were searched for related keywords. A total of 420 articles, written up to June 25, 2016, were collected on the potential of polymeric particles as TB vaccine delivery systems after parenteral and non-parenteral immunization. Thirty-one relevant articles were selected by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: It was shown that the immunogenicity of TB vaccines had been improved by using biodegradable and non-biodegradable synthetic polymers as well as natural polymers and they are better able to enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses, compared to TB vaccines alone. The present study revealed that various polymeric particles, after M. tuberculosis challenge in animal models, provide long-lasting protection against TB. PLGA (poly (lactide-co-glycolide)) and chitosan polymers were widely used as TB vaccine delivery systems/adjuvants. Conclusion: It seems that PLGA and chitosan polymers are well-suited particles for the parenteral and non-parenteral administration of TB vaccines, respectively. Non-biodegradable synthetic polymers in comparison with biodegradable synthetic and natural polymers have been used less frequently. Therefore, further study on this category of polymers is required.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_9998_12734f5456d2e5498ca09698c6d6c7b5.pdf
2018-02-01
116
123
10.22038/ijbms.2017.22059.5648
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Non-parenteral immunization Parenteral immunization Polymeric particles Vaccine
Farzad
Khademi
khademif911@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Derakhshan
derakhshanm@mums.ac.ir
2
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Arshid
Yousefi-Avarvand
yousefiaa911@mums.ac.ir
3
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Tafaghodi
tafaghodim@mums.ac.ir
4
Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1.Khademi F, Yousefi-Avarvand A, Derakhshan M, Meshkat Z, Tafaghodi M, Ghazvini K, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis HspX/EsxS Fusion Protein: Gene Cloning, Protein Expression, and Purification in Escherichia coli. Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2017; 6:15-21.
1
2.Khademi F, Yousefi-Avarvand A, Derakhshan M, Vaez H, Sadeghi R. Middle East Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antibiotic Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Infection, Epidemiology and Medicine. 2017; 3:25-35.
2
3.Karimi SM, Sankian M, Khademi F, Tafaghodi M. Chitosan (CHT) and trimethylchitosan (TMC) nanoparticles as adjuvant/delivery system for parenteral and nasal immunization against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) ESAT-6 antigen. Nanomed J 2016; 3:223-229.
3
4.Khademi F, Derakhshan M, Sadeghi R. The role of Toll-Like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Tuberculosis Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Rev Clin Med 2016; 3:133-140.
4
5.Da Costa C, Walker B, Bonavia A. Tuberculosis Vaccines–state of the art, and novel approaches to vaccine development. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 32:5-12.
5
6.Islam MA, Firdous J, Choi Y-J, Yun C-H, Cho C-S. Design and application of chitosan microspheres as oral and nasal vaccine carriers: an updated review. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:6077-6093.
6
7.Reddy ST, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA. Targeting dendritic cells with biomaterials: developing the next generation of vaccines. Trends Immunol 2006; 27:573-579.
7
8.Garg NK, Dwivedi P, Jain A, Tyagi S, Sahu T, Tyagi RK. Development of novel carrier (s) mediated tuberculosis vaccine: More than a tour de force. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:227-242.
8
9.Tafaghodi M, Sajadi Tabassi S, Jaafari MR. Nasal Immunization by (PLGA) Nanospheres Encapsulated with Tetanus Toxoid and (CpG-ODN) IJPR. 2010:151-158.
9
10.Tafaghodi M, Khamesipour A, Jaafari MR. Immunization against leishmaniasis by PLGA nanospheres encapsulated with autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) and CpG-ODN. Parasitol Res 2011; 108:1265-1273.
10
11.Mohaghegh M, Tafaghodi M. Dextran microspheres could enhance immune responses against PLGA nanospheres encapsulated with tetanus toxoid and Quillaja saponins after nasal immunization in rabbit. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 16:36-43.
11
12.Muhamad12 II, Selvakumaran S, Lazim NAM. Designing Polymeric Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery System. Nanomed 2014; 287-312.
12
13.Tafaghodi M, Rastegar S. Preparation and in vivo study of dry powder microspheres for nasal immunization. J Drug Target 2010; 18:235-242.
13
14.Wang S, Liu H, Zhang X, Qian F. Intranasal and oral vaccination with protein-based antigens: advantages, challenges and formulation strategies. Protein & cell 2015:1-24.
14
15.Renegar KB, Small PA, Boykins LG, Wright PF. Role of IgA versus IgG in the control of influenza viral infection in the murine respiratory tract. J Immunol 2004; 173:1978-1986.
15
16.Yuk J-M, Jo E-K. Host immune responses to mycobacterial antigens and their implications for the development of a vaccine to control tuberculosis. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2014; 3:155-167.
16
17.Abebe F, Bjune G. The protective role of antibody responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:235-243.
17
18.Khader SA, Gaffen SL, Kolls JK. Th17 cells at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity against infectious diseases at the mucosa. Mucosal Immunol 2009; 2:403-411.
18
19.De Valliere S, Abate G, Blazevic A, Heuertz R, Hoft D. Enhancement of innate and cell-mediated immunity by antimycobacterial antibodies. Infect Immun 2005; 73:6711-6720.
19
20.Tafaghodi M, Tabassi SAS, Jaafari M-R, Zakavi SR, Momennejad M. Evaluation of the clearance characteristics of various microspheres in the human nose by gamma-scintigraphy. Int J Pharm 2004; 280:125-135.
20
21.Rose F, Wern JE, Ingvarsson PT, van de Weert M, Andersen P, Follmann F, et al. Engineering of a novel adjuvant based on lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles: A quality-by-design approach. J Control Rel 2015; 210:48-57.
21
22.Carlétti D, da Fonseca DM, Gembre AF, Masson AP, Campos LW, Leite LC, et al. A Single Dose of a DNA Vaccine Encoding Apa Coencapsulated with 6, 6′-Trehalose Dimycolate in Microspheres Confers Long-Term Protection against Tuberculosis in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Primed Mice. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2013; 20:1162-1169.
22
23.Shi S, Hickey AJ. PLGA microparticles in respirable sizes enhance an in vitro T cell response to recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen TB10. 4-Ag85B. Pharmaceut Res 2010; 27:350-360.
23
24.Bivas-Benita M, Lin MY, Bal SM, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KL, Friggen AH, et al. Pulmonary delivery of DNA encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency antigen Rv1733c associated to PLGA–PEI nanoparticles enhances T cell responses in a DNA prime/protein boost vaccination regimen in mice. Vaccine 2009; 27:4010-4017.
24
25.Kirby DJ, Rosenkrands I, Agger EM, Andersen P, Coombes AG, Perrie Y. PLGA microspheres for the delivery of a novel subunit TB vaccine. J Drug Target 2008; 16:282-293.
25
26.de Paula L, Silva CL, Carlos D, Matias-Peres C, Sorgi CA, Soares EG, et al. Comparison of different delivery systems of DNA vaccination for the induction of protection against tuberculosis in mice and guinea pigs. Genet Vaccines Ther 2007; 5:1-7.
26
27.Lu D, Garcia-Contreras L, Xu D, Kurtz SL, Liu J, Braunstein M, et al. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres in respirable sizes enhance an in vitro T cell response to recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B. Pharmaceut Res 2007; 24:1834-1843.
27
28.Ha S-J, Park S-H, Kim H-J, Kim S-C, Kang H-J, Lee E-G, et al. Enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy with the use of interleukin-12-encapsulated microspheres plus AS01B in tuberculosis subunit vaccination. Infect Immun 2006; 74:4954-4959.
28
29.Cai H, Hu X, Yu D, Li S, Tian X, Zhu Y. Combined DNA vaccine encapsulated in microspheres enhanced protection efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of mice. Vaccine 2005; 23:4167-4174.
29
30.Evans JT, Ward JR, Kern J, Johnson ME. A single vaccination with protein-microspheres elicits a strong CD8 T-cell-mediated immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen Mtb8. 4. Vaccine 2004; 22:1964-1972.
30
31.Lima K, Santos S, Lima V, Coelho-Castelo A, Rodrigues J, Silva C. Single dose of a vaccine based on DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 protein plus TDM-loaded PLGA microspheres protects mice against a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gene Ther 2003; 10:678-685.
31
32.Lima VM, Bonato VL, Lima KM, Dos Santos SA, Dos Santos RR, Gonçalves ED, et al. Role of trehalose dimycolate in recruitment of cells and modulation of production of cytokines and NO in tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5305-5312.
32
33.Dhiman N, Khuller G. Protective efficacy of mycobacterial 71-kDa cell wall associated protein using poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles as carrier vehicles. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1998; 21:19-28.
33
34.Carpenter ZK, Williamson ED, Eyles JE. Mucosal delivery of microparticle encapsulated ESAT-6 induces robust cell-mediated responses in the lung milieu. J Control Rel 2005; 104:67-77.
34
35.Venkataprasad N, Coombes A, Singh M, Rohde M, Wilkinson K, Hudecz F, et al. Induction of cellular immunity to a mycobacterial antigen adsorbed on lamellar particles of lactide polymers. Vaccine 1999; 17:1814-1819.
35
36.Todoroff J, Ucakar B, Inglese M, Vandermarliere S, Fillee C, Renauld J-C, et al. Targeting the deep lungs, Poloxamer 407 and a CpG oligonucleotide optimize immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85A following pulmonary delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 84:40-48.
36
37.Orr MT, Kramer RM, Barnes L, Dowling QM, Desbien AL, Beebe EA, et al. Elimination of the cold-chain dependence of a Nano emulsion adjuvanted vaccine against tuberculosis by lyophilization. J Control Rel 2014; 177:20-26.
37
38.Yeboah KG, D'souza MJ. Evaluation of albumin microspheres as oral delivery system for Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccines. J Microencaps 2009; 26:166-179.
38
39.Meerak J, Wanichwecharungruang SP, Palaga T. Enhancement of immune response to a DNA vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B by incorporation of an autophagy inducing system. Vaccine 2013; 31:784-790.
39
40.Feng G, Jiang Q, Xia M, Lu Y, Qiu W, Zhao D, et al. Enhanced immune response and protective effects of nano-chitosan-based DNA vaccine encoding T cell epitopes of Esat-6 and FL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:1-10.
40
41.Ai W, Yue Y, Xiong S, Xu W. Enhanced protection against pulmonary mycobacterial challenge by chitosan‐formulated polyepitope gene vaccine is associated with increased pulmonary secretory IgA and gamma‐interferon+ T cell responses. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:224-235.
41
42.Verma A, Pandey R, Chanchal A, Siddiqui I, Sharma P. Encapsulation of Antigenic Secretory Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Biopolymeric Nanoparticles for Possible Aerosol Delivery System. Journal of Bionanoscience 2011; 5:88-95.
42
43.Caetano LA, Figueiredo L, Almeida AJ, Gonçalves L, editors. Alginate-chitosan particulate delivery systems for mucosal immunization against tuberculosis. Bioengineering (ENBENG), 2012 IEEE 2nd Portuguese Meeting in; 2012: IEEE.
43
44.dong Zhu B, qing Qie Y, ling Wang J, Zhang Y, zhong Wang Q, Xu Y, et al. Chitosan microspheres enhance the immunogenicity of an Ag85B-based fusion protein containing multiple T-cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 66:318-326.
44
45.Bivas-Benita M, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KL, Junginger HE, Borchard G, Ottenhoff TH, et al. Pulmonary delivery of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles enhances the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding HLA-A* 0201-restricted T-cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccine 2004; 22:1609-1615.
45
46.Dobakhti F, Naghibi T, Taghikhani M, Ajdary S, Rafinejad A, Bayati K, et al. Adjuvanticity effect of sodium alginate on subcutaneously injected BCG in BALB/c mice. Microb Infect 2009; 11:296-301.
46
47.Ajdary S, Dobakhti F, Taghikhani M, Riazi-Rad F, Rafiei S, Rafiee-Tehrani M. Oral administration of BCG encapsulated in alginate microspheres induces strong Th1 response in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 2007; 25:4595-4601.
47
48.Dobakhti F, Ajdary S, Taghikhani M, Rafiei S, Bayati K, Rafiee-Tehrani M. Immune response following oral immunization with BCG encapsulated in alginate microspheres. Iran J Immunol 2006; 3:114-120.
48
49.Wilkinson KA, Belisle JT, Mincek M, Wilkinson RJ, Toossi Z. Enhancement of the human T cell response to culture filtrate fractions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by microspheres. J Immunol Methods 2000; 235:1-9.
49
50.Yu F, Wang J, Dou J, Yang H, He X, Xu W et al. Nanoparticle-based adjuvant for enhanced protective efficacy of DNA vaccine Ag85A-ESAT-6-IL-21 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2012; 8:1337-1344.
50
51.Ballester M, Nembrini C, Dhar N, De Titta A, De Piano C, Pasquier M, et al. Nanoparticle conjugation and pulmonary delivery enhance the protective efficacy of Ag85B and CpG against tuberculosis Vaccine. 2011; 29:6959-6966.
51
52.Andersen P. Vaccine strategies against latent tuberculosis infection. Trends Microbiol 2007; 15:7-13.
52
53.Principi N, Esposito S. The present and future of tuberculosis vaccinations. Tuberculosis 2015; 95:6-13.
53
54.Wedlock D, Keen D, McCarthy A, Andersen P, Buddle B. Effect of different adjuvants on the immune responses of cattle vaccinated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2002; 86:79-88.
54
55.Jensen DK, Jensen LB, Koocheki S, Bengtson L, Cun D, Nielsen HM, et al. Design of an inhalable dry powder formulation of DOTAP-modified PLGA nanoparticles loaded with siRNA. J Control Rel 2012; 157:141-148.
55
56.McHugh KJ, Guarecuco R, Langer R, Jaklenec A. Single-injection vaccines: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. J Control Release 2015; 219:596-609.
56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Administration of melatonin protects against acetylsalicylic acid-induced impairment of male reproductive function in mice
Objective(s): Melatonin, an important hormone secreted by the epiphysis, is a powerful anti-oxidant with a high potential to neutralize medical toxins. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the beneficial effect of melatonin on epididymal sperm and reproductive parameters in mice treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Materials and Methods: Male adult mice were divided into four treatment groups: control, ASA, melatonin, and ASA+melatonin. Mice were administered ASA (50 mg/kg, orally) and/or melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), or vehicle control, for 14 days. Sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology were evaluated to assess fertility. A colorimetric assay was used to measure serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test was used to assess sperm chromatin integrity. Sex hormone levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Compared to the control group, ASA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in sperm parameters (P<0.05), as well as a decrease in the integrity of sperm chromatin (P<0.01). ASA treatment also reduced serum testosterone and TAC levels (P<0.05). Co-administration of melatonin with ASA significantly improved epididymal sperm parameters and increased serum testosterone and TAC levels compared to the ASA-treated group. LH level was not different in the combined treatment group compared to control or ASA treatment. Conclusion: Short-term administration of ASA (50 mg/kg) has adverse effects on male reproductive function in mice. Co-administration of melatonin protects against ASA-induced impairment of male reproductive function by preventing the reduction in serum TAC and testosterone levels seen with ASA treatment alone.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_9963_d26dbf996ad73e7c8bbaa8aa0e1a0d4a.pdf
2018-02-01
124
129
10.22038/ijbms.2017.23833.5989
Acetylsalicylic acid
Antioxidants
Epididymis
Melatonin
Sperm
Testosterone
Niloufar
Hedayati Emami
nilo3220065@gmail.com
1
Student Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht-Iran
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Mahmoudi lafout
90ana.fmahmoodi@gmail.com
2
Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht-Iran
AUTHOR
Fahimeh
Mohammadghasemi
parsahistolab@gmail.com
3
Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht-Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Wiweko B, Utami P. Predictive value of sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation index in male infertility. Basic Clin Androl 2017; 27:1-7.
1
2.Fortan P, Hawkey C. Drug-induced gastrointestinal disorders. Medicine 2007; 35:210-215.
2
3.Gupta C, Gentlejewski C. Role of prostaglandins in the testosterone dependent wolffian duct differentiation of the fetal mouse. Biol Reprod 1992; 47:1151-1160.
3
4.Balaji T, Ramanathan M, Menon V. Localization of cyclooxygenase-2 in mice vas deferens and its effects on fertility upon suppression using nimesulide: a preferential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Toxicol 2007; 234:135-144.
4
5.Gottlieb C, Svanborg K, Eneroth P, Bygdeman M. Effect of prostaglandins on human sperm function in vitro and seminal adenosine triphosphate content. Fertil Steril 1988; 49:322-327.
5
6.Kennedy J, Korn N, Thurston R. Prostaglandin levels in seminal plasma and sperm extracts of the domestic turkey, and the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on sperm mobility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:74.
6
7.Tripiciano A, Filippini A, Ballarini F, Palombi F. Contractile response of peritubularmyoid cells to prostaglandin F2alpha. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998; 138:143-150.
7
8.Qstensen M, Khamashta M, Lokshin M, Parke A, Brucato A, Carp H, et al. Anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:209.
8
9.Martínez M, Greenberg E. More aspirin for less cancer?. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:582-583.
9
10.Didolkar A, Patel P, Roychowdhury D. Effect of aspirin on spermatogenesis in mature and immature rats. Int J Androl 1980; 3:585-593.
10
11.Didolkar A, Gurjar A, Joshi U, Sheth A, Roychowdhury D. Effects of aspirin on blood plasma levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in maturing male rats. Int J Androl 1980; 3:312-318.
11
12.Gwayi N, Bernard R. The effects of melatonin on sperm motility in vitro in Wistar rats. Andrologia 2002; 34:391-396.
12
13.Hemadi M, Saki G, Shokri S, Ghasemi F. Follicular dynamics in neonate vitrified ovarian grafts after host treatment with melatonin. Folia Morphol 2011; 70:18-23.
13
14.Stutz G, Zamudio J, Santillán M, Vincenti L, de Cuneo M, Ruiz R. The effect of alcohol, tobacco, and aspirin consumption on seminal quality among healthy young men. Arch Environ Health 2004; 59:548-552.
14
15.Polat A, Emre M. Influence of melatonin and acetylsalicylic acid on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in gastric mucosa. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:507-508.
15
16.Hussein M, Abu-Dief E, Abou El-Ghait A, Adly M, Abdelraheem M. Morphological evaluation of the radioprotective effects of melatonin against X-ray-induced early and acute testis damage in Albino rats: an animal model. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 87:237-250.
16
17.Reiter R, Tan D, Manchester L, Qi W. Biochemical reactivity of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: a review of the evidence. Cell Biochem Biophys 2001; 34:237-256.
17
18.Altintas R, Polat A, Parlakpinar H, Vardi N, Beytur A, Oguz F, et al. The effect of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid-induced kidney and testis damage. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 33:383-395.
18
19.World Health Organisation. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 5th ed. Geneva: WHO. 2010; 7-37.
19
20.Shokri S, Aitken R, Abdolvahhabi M, Abolhasani F, Ghasemi F, Kashani I, et al. Exercise and supraphysiological dose of nandrolonedecanoate increase apoptosis in spermatogenic cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 106:324-330.
20
21.Fakoya F, Caxton-Martins E. Morphological alterations in the seminiferous tubules of adult Wistar rats: the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure. Folia Morphol 2004; 63: 195-202.
21
22.Aral F, Karaçal F, Baba F. The effect of enrofloxacin on sperm quality in male mice. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:95-99.
22
23.Mohamadghasemi F, Faghani M, Jahromi SK, Bahadori M, Nasiri E, Hemadi M. Effect of Melatonin on proliferative activity and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells in mouse under chemotherapy. J Reprod Contracept 2010; 21:79-94.
23
24.Dare W, Noronha C, Kusemiju O, Okanlawon O. The effect of ethanol on spermatogenesis and fertility in male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid Niger. Postgrad Med J 2002; 9:194-198.
24
25.Vyas A, Ram H, Purohit A, Jatwa R. Adverse Effects of Subchronic Dose of Aspirin on Reproductive Profile of Male Rats. J Pharm 2016; 6585430.
25
26.Oyedeji K, Bolarinwa A, Adigun A. Effect of aspirin on reproductive functions in male albino rats. Res J Pharm 2013; 7: 16-20.
26
27.Vane J, Botting R. The mechanism of action of aspirin. Trombosis Res 2003; 110:255-258.
27
28.Ekmekcioglu C. Melatonin receptors in humans: biological role and clinical relevance. Biomed Pharmacother 2006; 60:97-108.
28
29.Shang X, Huang Y, Ye Z, Yu X, Gu W. Protection of melatonin against damage of sperm mitochondrial function induced by reactive oxygen species. Zhonghua Nan KeXue 2004; 10:604-607.
29
30.Kokolis N, Theodosiadou E, Tsantarliotou M, Rekkas C, Goulas P, Smokovitis A. The effect of melatonin implants on blood testosterone and acrosin activity in spermatozoa of the ram. Andrologia 2000; 32:107-114.
30
31.Roodbari F, Abedi N, TalebiAR. Early and late effects of Ibuprofen on mouse sperm parameters, chromatin condensation, and DNA integrity in mice. Iran J Reprod Med. 2015; 13:703-710.
31
32.Shefi S, Turek P. Definition and current evaluation of subfertile men. Int Braz J Urol 2006; 32:385-397.
32
33.Evenson D. The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and other sperm DNA fragmentation tests for evaluation of sperm nuclear DNA integrity as related to fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 169:56-75.
33
34.Tanyildizi S, Bozkurt T. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid and metamizol on hyaluronidase activity and sperm characteristics in rams. Anim Reprod Sci 2003; 76:195-204.
34
35.Asok K, Chinoy N. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on reproductive organs of adolescent male rats. Endocrinol Exp 1988; 22:187-195.
35
36.Ateşşahin A, Sahna E, Türk G, Ceribaşi AO, Yilmaz S, Yüce A, et al. Chemoprotective effect of melatonin against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. J Pineal Res 2006; 41:21-27.
36
37.Mohammadghasemi F, Jahromi SK, Hajizadeh H, Homafar MA, Saadat S. The Protective Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on nicotine-induced changes in mouse ovarian follicles. J Reprod Infertil 2012; 13:143-150.
37
38.Saadat S, Mohammadghasemi F, Jahromi SK, Homafar M, Haghiri M. Melatonin protects uterus and oviduct exposed to nicotine in mice. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 7:41-46.
38
39.Brzozowski T, Konturek P, Zwirska-Korczala K, Konturek S, Brzozowska I, Drozdowicz D, et al. Importance of the pineal gland, endogenous prostaglandins and sensory nerves in the gastroprotective actions of central and peripheral melatonin against stress-induced damage. J Pineal Res. 2005; 39:375-385.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hypericin-photodynamic therapy inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes cell line MH7A
Objective(s): To elucidate the effects and potential mechanisms of hypericin-photodynamic therapy (HYP-PDT) for treating the human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) MH7A cell-line. Materials and Methods: MH7A cells were subjected to HYP-PDT intervention and apoptosis was evaluated via MTT, nuclear staining, and flowcytometry analyses. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with the fluorescent probe 2’7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). To verify the effects of HYP on apoptotic and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways, caspase-8, 9, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα protein expressions were quantified with western blot. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assay NF-κB p65 mRNA. Results: HYP-PDT inhibited MH7A cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, intracellular ROS levels increased significantly after HYP-PDT treatment. Furthermore, the expression of cleaved caspase-9 and PARP was increased by HYP-PDT treatment, with a concurrent decline in NF-κB. Conclusion: HYP-PDT induces apoptosis in MH7A cells, at least partially, via generation of ROS, regulation of the apoptotic pathway and suppression of the NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that HYP-PDT may be a potential treatment for RA.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10064_558fe72a436bded64cbe3608a14d1667.pdf
2018-02-01
130
137
10.22038/ijbms.2018.23871.5991
Apoptosis Fibroblast-like synoviocyte Hypericin-photodynamic
–therapy Nuclear factor kappa-B Rheumatoid arthritis Reactive oxygen species
Kun
Zhang
zhangkun0415@163.com
1
Department of Orthopedics, No. 91 Central hospital of Liberation Army, Jiaozuo 454150, Henan province, China
AUTHOR
Shan
Gao
18560936480@163.com
2
Faculty of Graduate Studies, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
AUTHOR
Jiayi
Guo
13014735898@163.com
3
Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
AUTHOR
Guohua
Ni
463103027@qq.com
4
Department of Orthopedics, No. 91 Central hospital of Liberation Army, Jiaozuo 454150, Henan province, China
AUTHOR
Zhe
Chen
1024221847@qq.com
5
Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
AUTHOR
Feng
Li
404920698@qq.com
6
Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
AUTHOR
Xiaolei
Zhu
weikuo1988@163.com
7
Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
AUTHOR
Yongbing
Wen
506589222@qq.com
8
Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
AUTHOR
Yanxing
Guo
18553354680@163.com
9
Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Firestein GS. Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature 2003; 423:356-361.
1
2. Gabriel SE, Michaud K. Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:229.
2
3. Gabriel SE. The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2001; 27:269-281.
3
4. Bartok B, Firestein GS. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes: key effector cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2010; 233:233-255.
4
5. Chen H, Pan J, Wang JD, Liao QM, Xia XR. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, induces apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Inflammation 2016; 39:39-46.
5
6. Baier A, Meineckel I, Gay S, Pap T. Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003; 15:274-279.
6
7. Pap T, Muller-Ladner U, Gay RE, Gay S. Fibroblast biology: Role of synovial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res 2000; 2:361-367.
7
8. Lefevre S, Meier FM, Neumann E, Muller-Ladner U. Role of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:130-141.
8
9. Jankowska A, Wiecek P, Burczynska B. Effect of photodynamic therapy on proliferation and apoptosis of 3T3 fibroblasts and HeLa cells. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 26:343-347.
9
10. Torikai E, Kageyama Y, Kohno E, Hirano T, Koide Y, Terakawa S, et al. Photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium for synovial membrane from rheumatoid arthritis patients and collagen-induced arthritis rats. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 27:751-761.
10
11. Zhao C, Ur Rehman F, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang D, Jiang H, et al. Bio-imaging and Photodynamic therapy with tetra sulphonatophenyl porphyrin (TSPP)-TiO2 nanowhiskers: new approaches in rheumatoid arthritis theranostics. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11518.
11
12. Byun JY, Choi HY, Myung KB, Choi YW. Expression of IL-10, TGF-beta(1) and TNF-alpha in cultured keratinocytes (HaCaT Cells) after IPL treatment or ALA-IPL photodynamic treatment. Ann Dermatol 2009; 21:12-17.
12
13. Agostinis P, Berg K, Cengel KA, Foster TH, Girotti AW, Gollnick SO, et al. Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61:250-281.
13
14. Lin XX, Wang W, Wu SF, Yang C, Chang TS. Treatment of capillary vascular malformation (port-wine stains) with photochemotherapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 99:1826-1830.
14
15. Gu Y, Huang NY, Liang J, Pan YM, Liu FG. Clinical study of 1949 cases of port wine stains treated with vascular photodynamic therapy (Gu's PDT). Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007; 134:241-244.
15
16. Luksiene Z, de Witte PA. Hypericin as novel and promising photodynamic therapy tool: studies on intracellular accumulation capacity and growth inhibition efficiency. Medicina (Kaunas) 2003; 39:677-682.
16
17. Barathan M, Mariappan V, Shankar EM, Abdullah BJ, Goh KL, Vadivelu J. Hypericin-photodynamic therapy leads to interleukin-6 secretion by HepG2 cells and their apoptosis via recruitment of BH3 interacting-domain death agonist and caspases. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e697.
17
18. Popovic A, Wiggins T, Davids LM. Differential susceptibility of primary cultured human skin cells to hypericin PDT in an in vitro model. J Photochem Photobiol B 2015; 149:249-256.
18
19. Kashef N, Karami S, Djavid GE. Phototoxic effect of hypericin alone and in combination with acetylcysteine on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:186-192.
19
20. Nakajima N, Kawashima N. A basic study on hypericin-PDT in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 9:196-203.
20
21. Brockmoller J, Reum T, Bauer S, Kerb R, Hubner WD, Roots I. Hypericin and pseudohypericin: pharmacokinetics and effects on photosensitivity in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997; 30 Suppl 2:94-101.
21
22. Lima AM, Pizzol CD, Monteiro FB, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Andrade GP, Ribeiro AO, et al. Hypericin encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles: phototoxicity and photodynamic efficiency. J Photochem Photobiol B 2013; 125:146-154.
22
23. Zhang J, Shao L, Wu C, Lu H, Xu R. Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis of myoloma SP2/0 cells depended on caspase activity in vitro. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:58.
23
24. Xu Y, Wang D, Zhuang Z, Jin K, Zheng L, Yang Q, et al. Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis in K562 human leukemia cells through JNK pathway modulation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6475-6482.
24
25. Kleemann B, Loos B, Scriba TJ, Lang D, Davids LM. St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) photomedicine: hypericin-photodynamic therapy induces metastatic melanoma cell death. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103762.
25
26. Li ZH, Meng DS, Li YY, Lu LC, Yu CP, Zhang Q, et al. Hypericin damages the ectatic capillaries in a Roman cockscomb model and inhibits the growth of human endothelial cells more potently than hematoporphyrin does through induction of apoptosis. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1368-1375.
26
27. Miyazawa K, Mori A, Okudaira H. Establishment and characterization of a novel human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte line, MH7A, immortalized with SV40 T antigen. J Biochem 1998; 124:1153-1162.
27
28. Zhang Q, Li ZH, Li YY, Shi SJ, Zhou SW, Fu YY, et al. Hypericin-photodynamic therapy induces human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18398.
28
29. Kammerer R, Buchner A, Palluch P, Pongratz T, Oboukhovskij K, Beyer W, et al. Induction of immune mediators in glioma and prostate cancer cells by non-lethal photodynamic therapy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21834.
29
30. Krammer B, Verwanger T. Molecular response to hypericin-induced photodamage. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:793-798.
30
31. Zheng Y, Yin G, Le V, Zhang A, Chen S, Liang X, et al. Photodynamic-therapy activates immune response by disrupting immunity homeostasis of tumor cells, which generates vaccine for cancer therapy. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:120-132.
31
32. Mirmalek SA, Azizi MA, Jangholi E, Yadollah-Damavandi S, Javidi MA, Parsa Y, et al. Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effect of hypericin, the bioactive component of Hypericum perforatum on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 16:3.
32
33. Gabriel D, Busso N, So A, van den Bergh H, Gurny R, Lange N. Thrombin-sensitive photodynamic agents: a novel strategy for selective synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis. J Control Release 2009; 138:225-234.
33
34. Fang N, Li Q, Yu S, Zhang J, He L, Ronis MJ, et al. Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by an ethyl acetate fraction from shiitake mushrooms. J Altern Complement Med 2006; 12:125-132.
34
35. Sanovic R, Verwanger T, Hartl A, Krammer B. Low dose hypericin-PDT induces complete tumor regression in BALB/c mice bearing CT26 colon carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011; 8:291-296.
35
36. Stupakova V, Varinska L, Mirossay A, Sarissky M, Mojzis J, Dankovcik R, et al. Photodynamic effect of hypericin in primary cultures of human umbilical endothelial cells and glioma cell lines. Phytother Res 2009; 23:827-832.
36
37. Simon HU, Haj-Yehia A, Levi-Schaffer F. Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis 2000; 5:415-418.
37
38. Zheng X, Wu J, Shao Q, Li X, Kou J, Zhu X, et al. Apoptosis of THP-1 macrophages induced by pseudohypericin-mediated sonodynamic therapy through the mitochondria-caspase pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:545-557.
38
39. Green DR, Reed JC. Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science 1998; 281:1309-1312.
39
40. Bulina ME, Chudakov DM, Britanova OV, Yanushevich YG, Staroverov DB, Chepurnykh TV, et al. A genetically encoded photosensitizer. Nat Biotechnol 2006; 24:95-99.
40
41. Butler MC, Itotia PN, Sullivan JM. A high-throughput biophotonics instrument to screen for novel ocular photosensitizing therapeutic agents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:2705-2720.
41
42. Mitsiades CS, Mitsiades N, Poulaki V, Schlossman R, Akiyama M, Chauhan D, et al. Activation of NF-kappaB and upregulation of intracellular anti-apoptotic proteins via the IGF-1/Akt signaling in human multiple myeloma cells: therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2002; 21:5673-5683.
42
43. Hwang JR, Jo K, Lee Y, Sung BJ, Park YW, Lee JH. Upregulation of CD9 in ovarian cancer is related to the induction of TNF-alpha gene expression and constitutive NF-kappaB activation. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:77-83.
43
44. Han SS, Yun H, Son DJ, Tompkins VS, Peng L, Chung ST, et al. NF-kappaB/STAT3/PI3K signaling crosstalk in iMyc E mu B lymphoma. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:97.
44
45. Barnes PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1066-1071.
45
46. Pereira SG, Oakley F. Nuclear factor-kappaB1: regulation and function. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:1425-1430.
46
47. Vallabhapurapu S, Karin M. Regulation and function of NF-kappaB transcription factors in the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol 2009; 27:693-733.
47
48. Makarov SS. NF-kappa B in rheumatoid arthritis: a pivotal regulator of inflammation, hyperplasia, and tissue destruction. Arthritis Res 2001; 3:200-206.
48
49. Yin G, Wang Y, Cen XM, Yang M, Liang Y, Xie QB. Lipid peroxidation-mediated inflammation promotes cell apoptosis through activation of NF-kappaB pathway in rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:460310.
49
50. Aupperle KR, Bennett BL, Boyle DL, Tak PP, Manning AM, Firestein GS. NF-kappa B regulation by I kappa B kinase in primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes. J Immunol 1999; 163:427-433.
50
51. Karin M, Lin A. NF-kappaB at the crossroads of life and death. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:221-227.
51
52. Oeckinghaus A, Ghosh S. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2009; 1:a000034.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Minocycline through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response reduces the neuropathic pain in a rat model of chronic constriction injury
Objective(s): Several lines of evidence showed that minocycline possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of minocycline in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI). Materials and Methods: In this study four groups (n = 6–8) of rats were used as follows: Sham, CCI, CCI + minocycline (MIN) 10 mg/Kg (IP) and CCI + MIN 30 mg/Kg (IP). On days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-surgery hot-plate, acetone, and von Frey tests were carried out. Finally, Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity Evaluation (MNCV) assessment was performed and spinal cords were harvested in order to measure tissue concentrations of TNF_α, IL-1β, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Extent of perineural inflammation and damage around the sciatic nerve was histopathologically evaluated. Results: Our results demonstrated that CCI significantly caused hyperalgesia and allodynia twenty-one days after CCI. MIN attenuated heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia and MNCV in animals. MIN also decreased the levels of TNF_α and IL-1β. Antioxidative enzymes (SOD, MDA, and GPx) were restored following MIN treatment. Our findings showed that MIN decreased perineural inflammation around the sciatic nerve. According to the results, the neuropathic pain reduced in the CCI hyperalgesia model using 30 mg/kg of minocycline. Conclusion: It is suggested that antinociceptive effects of minocycline might be mediated through the inhibition of inflammatory response and attenuation of oxidative stress.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_9999_008edd9c1fc9076a81ca707e5a290ced.pdf
2018-02-01
138
144
10.22038/ijbms.2017.24248.6053
Chronic constriction-
Injury
Inflammatory response
Minocycline
Neuropathic pain
Oxidative stress
Rat
Abolfazl
Abbaszadeh
morovatt@yahoo.com
1
Department of Surgery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeideh
Darabi
dr.darabii@yahoo.com
2
2Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Hasanvand
dr.hasanvand@yahoo.com
3
2Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Amini-Khoyi
aminikhoyi@gmail.com
4
Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Abbasnezhad
abbasnezhad91@gmail.com
5
Nutritional Health Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Razieh
Choghakhori
choghakhori_r@yahoo.com
6
Nutritional Health Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Asghar
Aaliehpour
dr.aaliehpour@gmail.com
7
Department of Pathology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Zhuo M. Neuronal mechanism for neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2007;3:14.
1
2. Dworkin RH, Backonja M, Rowbotham MC, Allen RR, Argoff CR, Bennett GJ, et al. Advances in neuropathic pain: diagnosis, mechanisms, and treatment recommendations. Arch Neurol 2003;60:1524-1534.
2
3. De Jongh RF, Vissers KC, Meert TF, Booij LH, De Deyne CS, Heylen RJ. The role of interleukin-6 in nociception and pain. Anesth Analg 2003;96:1096-1103.
3
4. Saika F, Kiguchi N, Kobayashi Y, Kishioka S. Peripheral alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling attenuates tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after nerve injury in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015;213:462-471.
4
5. Ma W, Quirion R. Does COX2-dependent PGE2 play a role in neuropathic pain? Neurosci Lett 2008;437:165-169.
5
6. Naik AK, Tandan SK, Dudhgaonkar SP, Jadhav SH, Kataria M, Prakash VR, et al. Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy and modulation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in rats. Eur J Pain 2006;10:573-579.
6
7. Kielian T, Esen N, Liu S, Phulwani NK, Syed MM, Phillips N, et al. Minocycline modulates neuroinflammation independently of its antimicrobial activity in staphylococcus aureus-induced brain abscess. Am J Pathol 2007;171:1199-1214.
7
8. Kraus RL, Pasieczny R, Lariosa-Willingham K, Turner MS, Jiang A, Trauger JW. Antioxidant properties of minocycline: neuroprotection in an oxidative stress assay and direct radical-scavenging activity. J Neurochem 2005;94:819-827.
8
9. Tikka TM, Koistinaho JE. Minocycline provides neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia. J Immunol 2001;166:7527-7533.
9
10. Yrjanheikki J, Tikka T, Keinanen R, Goldsteins G, Chan PH, Koistinaho J. A tetracycline derivative, minocycline, reduces inflammation and protects against focal cerebral ischemia with a wide therapeutic window. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:13496-13500.
10
11. Mishra MK, Ghosh D, Duseja R, Basu A. Antioxidant potential of Minocycline in Japanese Encephalitis Virus infection in murine neuroblastoma cells: correlation with membrane fluidity and cell death. Neurochem Int 2009;54:464-470.
11
12. Fan LW, Pang Y, Lin S, Tien LT, Ma T, Rhodes PG, et al. Minocycline reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced neurological dysfunction and brain injury in the neonatal rat. J Neurosci Res 2005;82:71-82
12
13. Henry CJ, Huang Y, Wynne A, Hanke M, Himler J, Bailey MT, et al. Minocycline attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, sickness behavior, and anhedonia. J Neuroinflammation 2008;5:15.
13
14. Heo K, Cho YJ, Cho KJ, Kim HW, Kim HJ, Shin HY, et al. Minocycline inhibits caspase-dependent and -independent cell death pathways and is neuroprotective against hippocampal damage after treatment with kainic acid in mice. Neurosci Lett 2006;398:195-200.
14
15. Stirling DP, Koochesfahani KM, Steeves JD, Tetzlaff W. Minocycline as a neuroprotective agent. Neuroscientist 2005;11:308-322.
15
16. Shahzad K, Bock F, Al-Dabet MM, Gadi I, Nazir S, Wang H, et al. Stabilization of endogenous Nrf2 by minocycline protects against Nlrp3-inflammasome induced diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016;6:34228.
16
17. Chen W, Zhao M, Zhao S, Lu Q, Ni L, Zou C, et al. Activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: a novel inhibitory effect of minocycline. Inflamm Res 2017;66:157-166.
17
18. Teng YD, Choi H, Onario RC, Zhu S, Desilets FC, Lan S, et al. Minocycline inhibits contusion-triggered mitochondrial cytochrome c release and mitigates functional deficits after spinal cord injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:3071-3076.
18
19. Wang X, Zhu S, Drozda M, Zhang W, Stavrovskaya IG, Cattaneo E, et al. Minocycline inhibits caspase-independent and -dependent mitochondrial cell death pathways in models of Huntington's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:10483-10487.
19
20. Baumans V, Van Loo PL. How to improve housing conditions of laboratory animals: the possibilities of environmental refinement. Vet J 2013;195:24-32.
20
21. Hamidi GA, Jafari-Sabet M, Abed A, Mesdaghinia A, Mahlooji M, Banafshe HR. Gabapentin enhances anti-nociceptive effects of morphine on heat, cold, and mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014;17:753.
21
22. Hajhashemi V, Minaiyan M, Banafshe HR, Mesdaghinia A, Abed A. The anti-inflammatory effects of venlafaxine in the rat model of carrageenan-induced paw edema. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2015;18:654.
22
23. Padi SS, Kulkarni SK. Minocycline prevents the development of neuropathic pain, but not acute pain: possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2008;601:79-87.
23
24. Bennett GJ, Xie YK. A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain 1988;33:87-107.
24
25. Jain V, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Ameliorative potential of rosiglitazone in tibial and sural nerve transection-induced painful neuropathy in rats. Pharmacol Res 2009;59:385-392.
25
26. Kukkar A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Neuropathic pain-attenuating potential of aliskiren in chronic constriction injury model in rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013;14:116-123.
26
27. Abed A, Hajhashemi V, Banafshe HR, Minaiyan M, Mesdaghinia A. Venlafaxine Attenuates Heat Hyperalgesia Independent of Adenosine or Opioid System in a Rat Model of Peripheral Neuropathy. Iran J Pharm Res 2015;14:843-850.
27
28. Wang H, Li X, Shan L, Zhu J, Chen R, Li Y, et al. Recombinant hNeuritin Promotes Structural and Functional Recovery of Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats. Front Neurosci 2016;10: 589.
28
29. Saeedi Saravi SS, Hasanvand A, Shahkarami K, Dehpour AR. The protective potential of metformin against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in BALB/C mice. Pharm Biol 2016;54:2830-2837.
29
30. Hasanvand A, Abbaszadeh A, Darabi S, Nazari A, Gholami M, Kharazmkia A. Evaluation of selenium on kidney function following ischemic injury in rats; protective effects and antioxidant activity. J Renal Inj Prev 2016;6:93-98.
30
31. Brummett CM, Padda AK, Amodeo FS, Welch KB, Lydic R. Perineural dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine causes a dose-dependent increase in the duration of thermal antinociception in sciatic nerve block in rat. Anesthesiology 2009;111: 1111–1119.
31
32. Jaggi AS, Jain V, Singh N. Animal models of neuropathic pain. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011;25:1-28
32
33. Yenari MA, Xu L, Tang XN, Qiao Y, Giffard RG. Microglia potentiate damage to blood-brain barrier constituents: improvement by minocycline in vivo and in vitro. Stroke 2006;37:1087-1093
33
34. Whiteman M, Halliwell B. Prevention of peroxynitrite-dependent tyrosine nitration and inactivation of alpha1-antiproteinase by antibiotics. Free Radic Res 1997;26:49-56.
34
35. Pabreja K, Dua K, Sharma S, Padi SS, Kulkarni SK. Minocycline attenuates the development of diabetic neuropathic pain: possible anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2011;661:15-21.
35
36. Biscaro B, Lindvall O, Tesco G, Ekdahl CT, Nitsch RM. Inhibition of microglial activation protects hippocampal neurogenesis and improves cognitive deficits in a transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis 2012; 9:187-198.
36
37. Wu DC, Jackson-Lewis V, Vila M, Tieu K, Teismann P, Vadseth C, et al. Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease. J Neurosci 2002;22:1763-1771.
37
38. Peng B, Xiao J, Wang K, So KF, Tipoe GL, Lin B. Suppression of microglial activation is neuroprotective in a mouse model of human retinitis pigmentosa. J Neurosci 2014;34:8139-8150.
38
39. El-Shimy IA, Heikal OA, Hamdi N. Minocycline attenuates Abeta oligomers-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in primary microglia while enhancing Abeta fibrils phagocytosis. Neurosci Lett 2015;609:36-41.
39
40. Nikodemova M, Duncan ID, Watters JJ. Minocycline exerts inhibitory effects on multiple mitogen-activated protein kinases and IkappaBalpha degradation in a stimulus-specific manner in microglia. J Neurochem 2006;96:314-323.
40
41. Choi Y, Kim HS, Shin KY, Kim EM, Kim M, Kim HS, et al. Minocycline attenuates neuronal cell death and improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease models. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007;32:2393-2404.
41
42. Zhu S, Stavrovskaya IG, Drozda M, Kim BY, Ona V, Li M, et al. Minocycline inhibits cytochrome c release and delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice. Nature 2002;417:74-78.
42
43. Wang J, Wei Q, Wang CY, Hill WD, Hess DC, Dong Z. Minocycline up-regulates Bcl-2 and protects against cell death in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2004;279:19948-19954.
43
44. Scarabelli TM, Stephanou A, Pasini E, Gitti G, Townsend P, Lawrence K, et al. Minocycline inhibits caspase activation and reactivation, increases the ratio of XIAP to smac/DIABLO, and reduces the mitochondrial leakage of cytochrome C and smac/DIABLO. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:865-874.
44
45. Zhu F, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao J. Minocycline alleviates behavioral deficits and inhibits microglial activation in the offspring of pregnant mice after administration of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:680-686.
45
46. Cukras CA, Petrou P, Chew EY, Meyerle CB, Wong WT. Oral minocycline for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME): results of a phase I/II clinical study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:3865-3874.
46
47. Bhatt LK, Veeranjaneyulu A. Minocycline with aspirin: a therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Neurol Sci 2010;31:705-716.
47
48. Shubayev VI, Myers RR. Upregulation and interaction of TNFalpha and gelatinases A and B in painful peripheral nerve injury. Brain Res 2000;855:83-89.
48
49. Covey WC, Ignatowski TA, Knight PR, Spengler RN. Brain-derived TNFalpha: involvement in neuroplastic changes implicated in the conscious perception of persistent pain. Brain Res 2000;859:113-122.
49
50. Lee H-L, Lee K-M, Son S-J, Hwang S-H, Cho H-J. Temporal expression of cytokines and their receptors mRNAs in a neuropathic pain model. Neuroreport 2004;15:2807-2811.
50
51. Lee KM, Jeon SM, Cho HJ. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 induces interleukin-6 upregulation through NF-kappaB in a rat neuropathic pain model. Eur J Pain 2009;13:794-806.
51
52. Siniscalco D, Fuccio C, Giordano C, Ferraraccio F, Palazzo E, Luongo L, et al. Role of reactive oxygen species and spinal cord apoptotic genes in the development of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Re 2007;55:158-166.
52
53. Kim HY, Wang J, Lu Y, Chung JM, Chung K. Superoxide signaling in pain is independent of nitric oxide signaling. Neuroreport 2009;20:1424-1428.
53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vivo activity assessment of some Tanacetum species used as traditional wound healer along with identification of the phytochemical profile by a new validated HPLC method
Objective(s): Tanacetum species are traditionally used as insecticide, and externally wound healer as well as for anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic properties. The in vivo wound-healing and anti-inflammatory potential of four Tanacetum species, Tanacetum argenteum (Lam.) Willd. subsp. argenteum (TA), Tanacetum heterotomum (Bornm.) Grierson (TH), Tanacetum densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. subsp. sivasicum (TD), and Tanacetum vulgare L. (TV) was investigated. Materials and Methods: The chloroform (CHCl3) and methanol:water (80:20) extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of each plant. For assessment of the wound-healing activity, linear incision on rats and circular excision on mice wound models were used and histopathological analyses were conducted on the tissues treated with the test materials. For the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity, Whittle Method based on the inhibition of the acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability was used. In order to elucidate the phytochemical contents of the extracts, HPLC profiles of active fractions were screened and quantitative analysis was conducted within the scope of HPLC analysis. Results: The CHCl3 extracts of TD, TAand TVwere found to have significant wound healing activity (37.1%, 30.8% and 26.1% tensile strength; 88.05%, 72.93% and 44.88% contraction values, respectively) and anti-inflammatory activities (31.5% and 26.6% inhibition values for TDand TA). Parthenolide content of the CHCl3 extracts of TA, THand TV were found 242.66±1.53, 190.16±5.62 and 177.51±3.73 µg/100 mg plant material, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the other secondary metabolites present in the aerial parts of the Tanacetum species possibly exerted synergistic effects on the observed healing of the wounds.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10065_ccb50959a005fe080c69c74192f3eb10.pdf
2018-02-01
145
152
10.22038/ijbms.2018.24258.6055
Asteraceae
Anti-inflammatory
Excision
Incision
Tanacetum
Wound-healing
Serkan
OZBİLGİN
ozbilgin@pharmacy.ankara.edu.tr
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Esra
Akkol
esrak@gazi.edu.tr
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Burcin
ERGENE OZ
ergene@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Mert
İLHAN
ilhan@gazi.edu.tr
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Gulcin
SALTAN
gulcin.saltan@pharmacy.ankara.edu.tr
5
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ozlem
BAHADIR ACIKARA
bahadir-ozlem@hotmail.com
6
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
Mehmet
Tekin
mtekin@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
7
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
AUTHOR
Hikmet
KELEŞ
hkeles@aku.edu.tr
8
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
AUTHOR
İpek
SUNTAR
ipesin@gazi.edu.tr
9
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
AUTHOR
1. Başer HCB, Demirci B, Tabanca N, Özek T, Gören N. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum armenum (DC.) Schultz Bip., T. balsamita L., T. chiliophyllum (Fisch.&Mey.) Schultz Bip. var. chiliophyllum and T. haradjani (Rech. Fil.) Grierson and the enantiomeric distribution of camphor and carvone. Flavour Fragr 2001; 16:195-200.
1
2. Kılıç Ö. Essential oil composition of four endemic Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa from Turkey and a chemotaxonomic approach. J Agric Sci Technol 2014; 4:197-202.
2
3. Susurluk H, Çalışkan Z, Gürkan O, Kırmızıgül S, Gören N. Antifeedant activity of some Tanacetum species and bioassay guided isolation of the secondary metabolites of Tanacetum cadmeum subsp. cadmeum (Compositae). Ind Crops Prod 2007; 26:220-228.
3
4. Brown AMG, Edwards CM, Davey MR, Power JB, Lowe KC. Effects of extracts of Tanacetum species on human polymorphonuclear leucocyte activity in vitro. Phytother Res 1997; 11:479-484.
4
5. Ernst E, Pittler MH. The efficacy and safety of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): An update of a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2000; 3:509-514.
5
6. Lahlou S, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B. Acute and chronic toxicity of a lyophilised aqueous extract of Tanacetum vulgare leaves in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 117:221-227.
6
7. Lahlou S, Tahraoui A, Israili Z, Lyoussi B. Diuretic activity of the aqueous extracts of Carum carvi and Tanacetum vulgare in normal rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 110:458-463.
7
8. Mantle D, Eddeb F, Pickering AT. Comparison of relative antioxidant activities of British medicinal plant species in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 72:47-51.
8
9. Pareek A, Suthar M, Rathore GS, Bansal V. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A systematic review. Pharmacogn Rev 2011; 5:103-110.
9
10. Xie G, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT. Immunomodulatory activity of acidic polysaccharides isolated from Tanacetum vulgare L. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1639-1650.
10
11. de Souza GC, Haas AP, von Poser GL, Schapoval EE, Elisabetsky E. Ethnopharmacological studies of antimicrobial remedies in the south of Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90:135-143.
11
12. Arnold N, Baydoun S, Chalak L, Raus T. A contribution to the flora and ethnobotanical knowledge of Mount Hermon, Lebanon. Fl Medit 2015; 25:13-55.
12
13. Baydoun S, Lamis C, Helena D, Nelly A. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the communities of Mount Hermon, Lebanon. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 173:139-156.
13
14. Long C, Sauleau P, David B, Lavaud C, Cassabois V, Ausseil F, et al. Bioactive flavonoids of Tanacetum parthenium revisited. Phytochemistry 2003; 64:567-569.
14
15. Palsson K, Jaenson TG, Baeckstrom P, Borg-Karlson AK. Tick repellent substances in the essential oil of Tanacetum vulgare. J Med Entomol 2008; 45:88-93.
15
16. Sanz JF, Marco JA. NMR studies of tatridin a and some related sesquiterpene lactones from Tanacetum vulgare. J Nat Prod 1991; 54:591-596.
16
17. Schinella GR, Giner RM, Recio MC, Mordujovich de Buschiazzo P, Rios JL, Manez S. Anti-inflammatory effects of South American Tanacetum vulgare. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998; 50:1069-1074.
17
18. Chiasson H, Belanger A, Bostanian N, Vincent C, Poliquin A. Acaricidal properties of Artemisia absinthium and Tanacetum vulgare (Asteraceae) essential oils obtained by three methods of extraction. J Econ Entomol 2001; 94:167-171.
18
19. El-Shazly A, Dorai G, Wink M. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and hexane-ether extract of Tanacetum santolinoides (dc.) Feinbr. and Fertig. Z Naturforsch 2002; C 57:620-623.
19
20. Jain NK, Kulkarni SK. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Tanacetum parthenium L. extract in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 68:251-259.
20
21. Petrovic SD, Dobric S, Bokonjic D, Niketic M, Garcia-Pineres A, Merfort I. Evaluation of Tanacetum larvatum for an anti-inflammatory activity and for the protection against indomethacin-induced ulcerogenesis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 87:109-113.
21
22. Salamcı E, Kordalı S, Kotan R, Cakır A, Kaya Y. Chemical compositions, antimicrobial and herbicidal effects of essential oils isolated from Turkish Tanacetum aucherianum and Tanacetum chiliophyllum var. chiliophyllum. Biochem Syst Ecol 2007; 35:569-581.
22
23. Tiuman TS, Ueda-Nakamura T, Garcia Cortez DA, Dias Filho BP, Morgado-Diaz JA, de Souza W, et al. Antileishmanial activity of parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Tanacetum parthenium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:176-182.
23
24. Wu C, Chen F, Wang X, Kim HJ, He GQ, Haley-Zitlin V, et al. Antioxidant constituents in ferverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) extract and their chromatographic quantification. Food Chem 2006; 96:220-227.
24
25. Suntar I, Küpeli Akkol E, Keles H, Yesilada E, Sarker SD. Exploration of the wound healing potential of Helichrysum graveolens (Bieb.) Sweet: Isolation of apigenin as an active component. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:103-110.
25
26. Küpeli Akkol E, Suntar I, Keles H, Yesilada E. The potential role of female flowers inflorescence of Typha domingensis Pers. in wound management. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133:1027-1032.
26
27. Küpeli Akkol E, Bahadır Acıkara Ö, Suntar I, Ergene B, Saltan Citoglu G. Ethnopharmacological evaluation of some Scorzonera species: In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 140:261-270.
27
28. Lodhi S, Pawar RS, Jain AP, Singhai AK. Wound healing potential of Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers. in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 108:204-210.
28
29. Suguna L, Singh S, Sivakumar P, Sampath P, Chandrakasan G. Influence of Terminalia chebula on dermal wound healing in rats. Phytother Res 2002; 16:227-231.
29
30. Sadaf F, Saleem R, Ahmed M, Ahmad SI, Navaid ul Z. Healing potential of cream containing extract of Sphaeranthus indicus on dermal wounds in guinea pigs. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 107:161-163.
30
31. Whittle BA. The use of changes in capillary permeability in mice to distinguish between narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 1964; 22:246-253.
31
32. Yesilada E, Kupeli E. Clematis vitalba L. aerial part exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 110:504-515.
32
33. Johnson ES, Kadam NP, Hylands DM, Hylands PJ. Efficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine. Br Med J 1985; 291:569-573.
33
34. Murphy JJ, Heptinstall S, Mitchell JR. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of feverfew in migraine prevention. Lancet 1988; 2:189-192.
34
35. Palevitch D, Earon G, Carasso R. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) as a prophylactic treatment for migraine: A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Phytother Res 1997; 11:508-511.
35
36. Awang DWC. Prescribing therapeutic feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip., syn. Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh.). Integr Med 1998; 1:11-13.
36
37. Martin K, Sur R, Liebel F, Tierney N, Lyte P, Garay M, et al. Parthenolide-depleted Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) protects skin from UV irradiation and external aggression. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 300:69-80.
37
38. Abad MJ, Bermejo P, Villar A, Valverde S. Anti- inflammatory activity of two flavonoids from Tanacetum microphyllum. J Nat Prod 1993; 56:1164-1167.
38
39. Abad MJ, Bermejo P, Valverde S, Villar A. Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroxyachillin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Tanacetum microphyllum. Planta Med 1994; 60:228-231.
39
40. Guerra JA, Molina M, Abad MJ, Villar AM, Paulina B. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by flavonoids isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1723-1728.
40
41. Kubo A, Kubo I. Antimicrobial agents from Tanacetum balsamita. J Nat Prod 1995; 58:1565-1569.
41
42. Goren N, Bozokjohansson C, Jakupovic J, Lin LJ, Shieh HL, Cordell GA, et al. Sesquiterpene lactones with antibacterial activity from Tanacetum densum subsp. sivasicum. Phytochemistry 1992; 31:101-104.
42
43. Tepe B, Sokmen A. Secreening of the antioxidative properties and total phenolic contents of three endemic Tanacetum subspecies from Turkish flora. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:3076-3079.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation and evaluation of PCL-PEG-PCL micelles as potential nanocarriers for ocular delivery of dexamethasone
Objective(s): Micelles have been studied as nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for improving the topical ocular delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize dexamethasone-loaded polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PCL-PEG-PCL) micelles to improve patient compliance and enhance the ocular bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Materials and Methods: The PCL-PEG-PCL copolymers were synthesized via the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of PEG. The resulting purified copolymers were characterized by GPC, NMR, FTIR, XRD and DSC. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the copolymers mentioned were determined. Dexamethasone was loaded into polymeric micelles by film hydration method, and dexamethasone-loaded micelles were characterized by TEM and DLS. Drug release kinetics and ex vivo corneal permeability were also determined. Results: The CMC of the synthetized copolymers was approximately 0.03 mg/ml. Aqueous solutions of the resulting copolymers (400 mg/ml) rapidly formed a gel in situ at 34 °C. The TEM results exhibited the successful formation of spherical micelles. The size of the prepared micelles was approximately 40 nm. Formulated micelles sustained the release of the incorporated dexamethasone for 5 days. Conclusion: Data from ex vivo permeability tests indicated that PCL-PEG-PCL micelles can be suitable candidates for the ocular delivery of dexamethasone and, likely, other hydrophobic drugs.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_9964_5b53d9babd6937960ec906f927f1fe32.pdf
2018-02-01
153
164
10.22038/ijbms.2017.26590.6513
Block copolymer
Dexamethasone
Ocular drug delivery
Micelle
Critical micelle concentration
Mitra
Alami-milani
alamipharma@gmail.com
1
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Parvin
Zakeri-milani
pzakeri@tbzmed.ac.ir
2
Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hadi
Valizadeh
valizadeh@tbzmed.ac.ir
3
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Roya
Salehi
salehiro@tbzmed.ac.ir
4
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mitra
Jelvehgari
mitra_jelvehgari@yahoo.com
5
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1.Agrawal RV, Murthy S, Sangwan V, Biswas J. Current approach in diagnosis and management of anterior uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2010; 58:11-19.
1
2.Hogan MJ, Kimura SJ, Thygeson P. Signs and symptoms of uveitis. I. anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1959; 47:155-170.
2
3.Gonjari ID, Karmarkar AB, Khade TS, Hosmani AH, Navale RB. Use of factorial design in formulation and evaluation of ophthalmic gels of gatifloxacin: comparison of different mucoadhesive polymers. Drug Discov Ther 2010; 4:423-434.
3
4.Gulsen D, Chauhan A. Ophthalmic drug delivery through contact lenses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45:2342-2347.
4
5.Le Bourlais C, Acar L, Zia H, Sado PA, Needham T, Leverge R. Ophthalmic drug delivery systems - recent advances. Prog Retin EyeRes 1998; 17:33-58.
5
6.Patel A, Cholkar K, Agrahari V, Mitra AK. Ocular drug delivery systems: an overview. World J Pharmacol 2013; 2:47-64.
6
7.Pepiæ I, Lovriæ J, Filipoviæ-Grèiæ J. Polymeric micelles in ocular drug delivery: rationale, strategies and challenges. CABEQ 2012; 26:365-377.
7
8.Vaishya RD, Gokulgandhi M, Patel S, Minocha M, Mitra AK. Novel dexamethasone-loaded nanomicelles for the intermediate and posterior segment uveitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1238-1251.
8
9.Tiffany JM. Tears in health and disease. Eye 2003; 17:923-926.
9
10.Zhang W, Prausnitz MR, Edwards A. Model of transient drug diffusion across cornea. J Control Release 2004; 99:241-258.
10
11.Kopeček J, Kopečková P, Minko T, Lu ZR, Peterson CM. Water soluble polymers in tumor targeted delivery. J Control Release 2001; 74:147-158.
11
12.Vargas A, Pegaz B, Debefve E, Konan-Kouakou Y, Lange N, Ballini JP, et al. Improved photodynamic activity of porphyrin loaded into nanoparticles: an in vivo evaluation using chick embryos. Int J Pharm 2004; 286:131-145.
12
13.Salatin S, Barar J, Barzegar-Jalali M, Adibkia K, Kiafar F, Jelvehgari M. Development of a nanoprecipitation method for the entrapment of a very water soluble drug into eudragit RL nanoparticles. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:1-14.
13
14.Ideta R, Tasaka F, Jang WD, Nishiyama N, Zhang GD, Harada A, et al. Nanotechnology-based photodynamic therapy for neovascular disease using a supramolecular nanocarrier loaded with a dendritic photosensitizer. Nano Lett 2005; 5:2426-2431.
14
15.Jang WD, Nakagishi Y, Nishiyama N, Kawauchi S, Morimoto Y, Kikuchi M, et al. Polyion complex micelles for photodynamic therapy: incorporation of dendritic photosensitizer excitable at long wavelength relevant to improved tissue-penetrating property. J Control Release 2006; 113:73-79.
15
16.Takeuchi Y, Ichikawa K, Yonezawa S, Kurohane K, Koishi T, Nango M, et al. Intracellular target for photosensitization in cancer antiangiogenic photodynamic therapy mediated by polycation liposome. J Control Release 2004; 97:231-240.
16
17.Vaishya RD, Khurana V, Patel S, Mitra AK. Controlled ocular drug delivery with nanomicelles. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2014; 6:422-437.
17
18.Trivedi R, Kompella UB. Nanomicellar formulations for sustained drug delivery: strategies and underlying principles. Nanomed Nanotech Biol Med 2010; 5:485-505.
18
19.Vadlapudi AD, Mitra AK. Nanomicelles: an emerging platform for drug delivery to the eye. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:1-3.
19
20.Boddu SH, Jwala J, Vaishya R, Earla R, Karla PK, Pal D, et al. Novel nanoparticulate gel formulations of steroids for the treatment of macular edema. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2010; 26:37-48.
20
21.Gómez-Gaete C, Tsapis N, Besnard M, Bochot A, Fattal E. Encapsulation of dexamethasone into biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2007; 331:153-159.
21
22.Bae SJ, Suh JM, Sohn YS, Bae YH, Kim SW, Jeong B. Thermogelling poly(caprolactone-b-ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) aqueous solutions. Macromolecules 2005; 38:5260-5265.
22
23.Ma G, Miao B, Song C. Thermosensitive PCL-PEG-PCL hydrogels: synthesis, characterization, and delivery of proteins. J Appl Polym Sci 2010; 116:1985-1993.
23
24.Zhou S, Deng X, Yang H. Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers: characterization and their use as drug carriers for a controlled delivery system. Biomaterials 2003; 24:3563-3570.
24
25.Liu CB, Gong CY, Huang MJ, Wang JW, Pan YF, Zhang YD, et al. Thermoreversible gel-sol behavior of biodegradable PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer in aqueous solutions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 84:165-175.
25
26.Alkhalidi BA, Alkhatib HS, Khdair AA. Comparative dissolution of diltiazem immediate and extended release products using conventional USP and innovative dissolution paddles. TODDJ 2010; 4:48-54.
26
27.Elsayed I, Abdelbary AA, Elshafeey AH. Nanosizing of a poorly soluble drug: technique optimization, factorial analysis, and pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2943-2953.
27
28.Mpharm KD, Ramana MV, Sara UV, Agrawal DK, Mpharm KP, Chakravarthi S. Preparation and evaluation of transdermal plasters containing norfloxacin: a novel treatment for burn wound healing. Eplasty 2010; 10:e44.
28
29.Nguyen THA, Nguyen VC. Formation of nanoparticles in aqueous solution from poly(σ- caprolactone)- poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(σ-caprolactone). Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 1.
29
30.Barghi L, Asgari D, Barar J, Valizadeh H. Synthesis of PCEC copolymers with controlled molecular weight using full factorial methodology. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:51-56.
30
31.Tamboli V, Mishra GP, Mitra AK. Novel pentablock copolymer (PLA-PCL-PEG-PCL-PLA)-based nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery: effect of copolymer compositions on the crystallinity of copolymers and in vitro drug release profile from nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2013; 291:1235-1245.
31
32.Savla S, Surjusee A, Rokade V, Sawant S, Kadu P. Approaches to improve solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. WJ PP S 2015; 4:610-626.
32
33.Sareen S, Mathew G, Joseph L. Improvement in solubility of poor water-soluble drugs by solid dispersion. Int J Pharm Investig 2012; 2:12-17.
33
34.Kaihara S, Fisher JP, Matsumura S. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of degradable PTMC-b-PECA-b-PTMC triblock copolymers and their micelle formation for pH-dependent controlled release. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:613-621.
34
35.Pignatello R, Bucolo C, Spedalieri G, Maltese A, Puglisi G. Flurbiprofen-loaded acrylate polymer nanosuspensions for ophthalmic application. Biomaterials 2002; 23:3247-3255.
35
36.Shegokar R, Müller RH. Nanocrystals: industrially feasible multifunctional formulation technology for poorly soluble actives. Int J Pharm 2010; 399:129-139.
36
37.Lee VHL, Robinson JR. Topical ocular drug delivery: recent developments and future challenges. J Ocul Pharmacol 1986; 2:67-108.
37
38.Aksungur P, Demirbilek M, Denkbaş EB, Vandervoort J, Ludwig A, Ünlü N. Development and characterization of cyclosporine A loaded nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery: cellular toxicity, uptake, and kinetic studies. J Control Release 2011; 151:286-294.
38
39.Mandal A, Bisht R, Rupenthal ID, Mitra AK. Polymeric micelles for ocular drug delivery: from structural frameworks to recent preclinical studies. J Control Release 2017; 248:96-116.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Tnf-α and Il-6 mRNAs expressions in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of polycystic ovarian rats and effects of resveratrol
Objective(s): Some studies suggest that chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study assessed possible involvement of alteration in expression of two pro-inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in adipose tissues of PCOS rats in the impairment of insulin actions. Also, effects of resveratrol as an anti-inflammatory agent were investigated. Materials and Methods: Fifteen female Wistar rats (21 days old) were divided into three groups (n=5): Ι) Control, П) PCO-model-saline: served as PCOS rats and to induce PCOS, received subcutaneously testosterone enanthate 1 mg/100 g body weight subcutaneously for 35 days, Ш) PCO-model-resveratrol, after receiving testosterone, received resveratrol 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 28 days. The expression of Tnf-α and Il-6 mRNAs in adipose tissues was determined by the qRT-PCR method. Results: The Il-6 mRNA expression in the visceral adipose tissue of PCOS rats was increased in comparison to controls (P<0.05). Tnf-α and Il-6 mRNA expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of polycystic ovarian rats was similar to controls. The expression of Tnf-α mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue and Tnf-α and Il-6 mRNAs in the visceral adipose tissue of the PCO-model-resveratrol group were lower than PCOS rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: Increased expression of Il-6 mRNA in the visceral adipose tissue of polycystic ovarian rats may be one cause of insulin resistance observed in them and resveratrol as an anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic agent may decrease the risk of diabetes by reduction of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in PCOS patients.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10031_eacda6285bacb04d43afe2538fdd614d.pdf
2018-02-01
165
174
10.22038/ijbms.2017.24801.6167
Adipose tissue
IL-6
Polycystic ovary –
syndrome
Rat
Resveratrol
TNF-α
Mahnaz
Ghowsi
ghowsi.mahnaz@gmail.com
1
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Homayoun
Khazali
khazhom@gmail.com
2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sajjad
Sisakhtnezhad
ssisakhtnezhad@gmail.com
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
1.Johansson J, Stener-Victorin E. Polycystic ovary syndrome: effect and mechanisms of acupuncture for ovulation induction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:762615.
1
2. Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL. Mediators of inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to adiposity. Mediat Inflamm 2010; 2010:758654.
2
3. Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 1997;18:774-800.
3
4.Desai V, Prasad NR, Manohar SM, Sachan A, Narasimha SRPVL, Bitla ARR. Oxidative stress in non-obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Diagn Res 2014;8:CC01-CC03.
4
5.Escobar-Morreale HF, Luque-Ramírez M, González F. Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Fertil Steril 2011;95:1048-1058. e1-2.
5
6.Rojas J, Chávez M, Olivar L, Rojas M, Morillo J, Mejías J, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and obesity: navigating the pathophysiologic labyrinth. Int J Reprod Med 2014; 2014:719050.
6
7.Xiong Y-l, Liang X-y, Yang X, Li Y, Wei L-n. Low-grade chronic inflammation in the peripheral blood and ovaries of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Euro J Ob Gyn Repro Biol 2011;159:148-150.
7
8.González F. Inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: underpinning of insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction. Steroids 2012;77:300-305.
8
9.Zahorska-Markiewicz B, Janowska J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Zurakowski A. Serum concentrations of TNF-[alpha] and soluble TNF-[alpha] receptors in obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:1392-1395.
9
10.Hofmann C, Lorenz K, Braithwaite S, Colca J, Palazuk B, Hotamisligil G, et al. Altered gene expression for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptors during drug and dietary modulation of insulin resistance. Endocrinology 1994;134:264-270.
10
11.Kern PA, Ranganathan S, Li C, Wood L, Ranganathan G. Adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001;280:E745-E751.
11
12.Mohlig M, Spranger J, Osterhoff M, Ristow M, Pfeiffer A, Schill T, et al. The polycystic ovary syndrome per se is not associated with increased chronic inflammation. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;150:525-532.
12
13.Lin YS, Tsai SJ, Lin MW, Yang CT, Huang MF, Wu MH. Interleukin‐6 as an early chronic inflammatory marker in polycystic ovary Syndrome with insulin receptor substrate‐2 polymorphism. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011;66:527-533.
13
14.Escobar‐Morreale HF, Calvo RM, Villuendas G, Sancho J, Millán JL. Association of polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 receptor complex with obesity and hyperandrogenism. Obes Res 2003;11:987-996.
14
15.González F, Nair KS, Daniels JK, Basal E, Schimke JM, Blair HE. Hyperandrogenism sensitizes leukocytes to hyperglycemia to promote oxidative stress in lean reproductive-age women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:2836-2843.
15
16.Franckhauser S, Elias I, Sopasakis VR, Ferre T, Nagaev I, Andersson CX, et al. Overexpression of Il6 leads to hyperinsulinaemia, liver inflammation and reduced body weight in mice. Diabetologia 2008;51:1306-1316.
16
17.Rui L, Aguirre V, Kim JK, Shulman GI, Lee A, Corbould A, et al. Insulin/IGF-1 and TNF-α stimulate phosphorylation of IRS-1 at inhibitory Ser 307 via distinct pathways. J Clin Invest 2001;107:181-189.
17
18.Holmes AG, Mesa JL, Neill BA, Chung J, Carey AL, Steinberg GR, et al. Prolonged interleukin-6 administration enhances glucose tolerance and increases skeletal muscle PPARα and UCP2 expression in rats. J Endocrinol 2008;198:367-374.
18
19.Ciaraldi TP, el-Roeiy A, Madar Z, Reichart D, Olefsky JM, Yen S. Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 75: 577-583.
19
20.Dunaif A, Wu X, Lee A, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Defects in insulin receptor signaling in vivo in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001;281:E392-E399.
20
21.Griffin ME, Marcucci MJ, Cline GW, Bell K, Barucci N, Lee D, et al. Free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with activation of protein kinase C theta and alterations in the insulin signaling cascade. Diabetes 1999;48:1270-1274.
21
22.Yu C, Chen Y, Cline GW, Zhang D, Zong H, Wang Y, et al. Mechanism by which fatty acids inhibit insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in muscle. J Biol Chem 2002;277:50230-50236.
22
23.Tanti J-F, Gremeaux T, Van Obberghen E, Le Marchand-Brustel Y. Serine/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 modulates insulin receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 6051-6057.
23
24.Brasnyó P, Molnár GA, Mohás M, Markó L, Laczy B, Cseh J, et al. Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients. Br J Nutr 2011;106:383-389.
24
25.Gonzalez F, Thusu K, Abdel-Rahman E, Prabhala A, Tomani M, Dandona P. Elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 1999;48:437-441.
25
26.Escobar-Morreale H, Villuendas G, Botella-Carretero J, Sancho J, San Millan J. Obesity, and not insulin resistance, is the major determinant of serum inflammatory cardiovascular risk markers in pre-menopausal women. Diabetologia 2003;46:625-633.
26
27.Beloosesky R, Gold R, Almog B, Sasson R, Dantes A, Land-Bracha A, et al. Induction of polycystic ovary by testosterone in immature female rats: modulation of apoptosis and attenuation of glucose/insulin ratio. Int J Mol Med 2004;14:207-216.
27
28.Ergenoglu M, Yildirim N, Yildirim AGS, Yeniel O, Erbas O, Yavasoglu A, et al. Effects of resveratrol on ovarian morphology, plasma anti-mullerian hormone, IGF-1 levels, and oxidative stress parameters in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Sci 2015;22:942-947.
28
29.Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Nat Protoc 2008;3:1101-1108.
29
30.Aref A-BM, Ahmed OM, Ali LA, Semmler M. Maternal rat diabetes mellitus deleteriously affects insulin sensitivity and Beta-cell function in the offspring. J Diabetes Res 2013;2013.
30
31.González F, Rote NS, Minium J, Kirwan JP. Reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress in the development of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:336-340.
31
32.O'Driscoll J, Mamtora H, Higginson J, Pollock A, Kane J, Anderson D. A prospective study of the prevalence of clear‐cut endocrine disorders and polycystic ovaries in 350 patients presenting with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia.. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1994;41:231-236.
32
33.Horejsi R, Möller R, Rackl S, Giuliani A, Freytag U, Crailsheim K, et al. Android subcutaneous adipose tissue topography in lean and obese women suffering from PCOS: comparison with type 2 diabetic women. Am J Phys Anthropol 2004;124:275-281.
33
34.Goodarzi MO, Korenman SG. The importance of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2003;80:255-258.
34
35.ESHRE TR, Group A-SPCW. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. . Fertil Steril 2004;81:19-25.
35
36.Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor- : Direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 1993;259:87-91.
36
37.Gwechenberger M, Mendoza LH, Youker KA, Frangogiannis NG, Smith CW, Michael LH, et al. Cardiac myocytes produce interleukin-6 in culture and in viable border zone of reperfused infarctions. Circulation 1999;99:546-551.
37
38.Orio Jr F, Palomba S, Cascella T, Milan G, Mioni R, Pagano C, et al. Adiponectin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2619-2623.
38
39.Fulghesu AM, Sanna F, Uda S, Magnini R, Portoghese E, Batetta B. IL-6 serum levels and production is related to an altered immune response in polycystic ovary syndrome girls with insulin resistance. Mediators Inflamm 2011;2011:389317.
39
40.Heutling D, Schulz H, Nickel I, Kleinstein J, Kaltwasser P, Krzyzanowska K, et al. Endothelial, inflammatory and endocrine markers in women with PCOS before and after metformin treatment. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006;114: 15_195.
40
41.Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol 2006;27:24-31.
41
42.Stephens J, Pekala P. Transcriptional repression of the C/EBP-alpha and GLUT4 genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Regulations is coordinate and independent of protein synthesis. J Biol Chem 1992;267:13580-13584.
42
43.Boden G. Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM. Diabetes 1997;46:3-10.
43
44.Teruel T, Hernandez R, Lorenzo M. Ceramide mediates insulin resistance by tumor necrosis factor-α in brown adipocytes by maintaining Akt in an inactive dephosphorylated state. Diabetes 2001;50:2563-2571.
44
45.Shimabukuro M, Zhou Y-T, Levi M, Unger RH. Fatty acid-induced β cell apoptosis: a link between obesity and diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:2498-2502.
45
46.Barnes PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factor-κB—a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1066-1071.
46
47.Côté CD, Rasmussen BA, Duca FA, Zadeh-Tahmasebi M, Baur JA, Daljeet M, et al. Resveratrol activates duodenal Sirt1 to reverse insulin resistance in rats through a neuronal network. Nat Med 2015;21:498-505.
47
48.Baur JA, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006;5:493-506.
48
49.Zheng X, Zhu S, Chang S, Cao Y, Dong J, Li J, et al. Protective effects of chronic resveratrol treatment on vascular inflammatory injury in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats: Role of NF-kappa B signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2013;720:147-157.
49
50.Su H-C, Hung L-M, Chen J-K. Resveratrol, a red wine antioxidant, possesses an insulin-like effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006;290:E1339-E1346.
50
51.Soufi FG, Mohammad-Nejad D, Ahmadieh H. Resveratrol improves diabetic retinopathy possibly through oxidative stress–nuclear factor κB–apoptosis pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2012;64:1505-1514.
51
52.Chanock SJ, El Benna J, Smith RM, Babior BM. The respiratory burst oxidase. J Biol Chem 1994;270:24519-2422.
52
53.Sharma S, Anjaneyulu M, Kulkarni S, Chopra K. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in rats. Pharmacology 2006;76:69-75.
53
54. Kumar A, Kaundal RK, Iyer S, Sharma SS. Effects of resveratrol on nerve functions, oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Life Sci 2007;8013:1236-1244.
54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ascorbic acid augments colony spreading by reducing biofilm formation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Objective(s):Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen, well known for its resistance andversatile lifestyle. Under unfavourable conditions, it adapts biofilm mode of growth. For staphylococcal biofilm formation, production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) is a pre-requisite, which is regulated by ica operon-encoded enzymes. This study was designed to know the impact of ascorbic acid on biofilm formation and colony spreading processes of S. aureus and MRSA. Materials and Methods: The isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) used in present study, were recovered from different food samples. Various selective and differential media were used for identification and confirmation of S. aureus. Agar dilution method was used for determination of oxacillin and ascorbic acid resistance level. MRSA isolates were re-confirmed by E-test and by amplification of mecA gene. Tube methods and Congo-Red agar were used to study biofilm formation processes. Gene expression studies were carried on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The results revealed the presence of mecA gene belonging to SCCmecA type IV along with agr type II in the isolates. In vitro studies showed the sub-inhibitory concentration of oxacillin induced biofilm production. However, addition of sub-inhibitory dose of ascorbic acid was found to inhibit EPS production, biofilm formation and augment colony spreading on soft agar plates. The inhibition of biofilm formation and augmentation of colony spreading observed with ascorbic acid alone or in combination with oxacillin. Moreover, gene expression studies showed that ascorbic acid increases agr expression and decreases icaA gene expression. Conclusion:The present study concluded thatascorbic acid inhibits biofilm formation, promotes colony spreading and increases agr gene expression in MRSA.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10063_949ad8e36c615fecd4d141d42cc08278.pdf
2018-02-01
175
180
10.22038/ijbms.2018.20714.5398
Ascorbic acid
Biofilms
Colony spreading
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
Zulfiqar
Mirani
mirani_mrsa@yahoo.com
1
FMRRC, Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi
LEAD_AUTHOR
Muhammad
Khan
mail2mnk@gmail.com
2
FMRRC, Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi
AUTHOR
Anila
Siddiqui
anilasiddique@gmail.com
3
FMRRC, Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi
AUTHOR
Fouzia
Khan
fouziakhan@yahoo.com
4
Dow University of Medical and Health Science Karachi
AUTHOR
Mubashir
Aziz
mubashiraziz@yahoo.com
5
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology Section, BZU Multan-Pakistan
AUTHOR
Shagufta
Naz
shaguftanaz@ymail.com
6
FMRRC, Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi
AUTHOR
Ayaz
Ahmed
jabees2003@hotmail.com
7
PCMD, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270. Pakistan
AUTHOR
Seema
Khan
seema_ismat@hotmail.com
8
FMRRC, Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi
AUTHOR
1. Waters AE, Contente-Cuomo T, Buchhagen J, Liu CM, Watson L, Pearce K, Foster JT, Bowers J, Driebel EM, Engelthaler DM, Keim PS, Price LB. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in US meat and poultry. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52: 1227–1230.
1
2. Le Loir Y, Baron FandGautier M. Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning. Genet Mol Res 2003;2: 63–76.
2
3. Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Pathogenesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46: (Suppl 5) S350-359.
3
4. Chin J. Control of communicable diseases manual. 17th ed. Baltimore: United Book Press, Inc. 2000.
4
5. Hudson MC, Ramp WK, Frankenburg KP. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to bone matrix and bone-associated biomaterials. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 173:279–284.
5
6. Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 167-193.
6
7. Russell AD. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to non-antibiotics: food additives and food and pharmaceutical preservatives.J Appl Bacteriol 1990; 71:191–201.
7
8. Tajkarimi M and Ibrahim SA. Antimicrobial activity of ascorbic acid alone or in combination with lactic acid on Escherichia coli O157: H7 in laboratory medium and carrot juice. Food Control 2011; 22: 801-804.
8
9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals—Fourth Edition: Approved Standard VET01-A4. CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA, 2013.
9
10. Cursino L, Chartones ES, Nascimento AM. Synergic interaction between ascorbic acid and antibiotics against Pseudomonas areuginosa. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2005; 4: 31-38.
10
11. Arciola CR, Baldassarri L, Montanaro L. Presence of icaA and icaD Genes and slime production in a collection of Staphylococcal strains from catheter associated infections. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2151-2156.
11
12. Zhao Y, Caspers MP, Metselaar KI, de Boer P, Roeselers G, Moezelaar R, et al. Abiotic and microbiotic factors controlling biofilm formation by thermophilic spore formers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79(18):5652–60.
12
13. O'Toole GA, Kolter R. The initiation of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescence WCS365 proceeds via multiple, convergent signalling pathways: a genetic analysis. Mol Microbiol1998; 28: 449-461.
13
14. Mirani ZA, Aziz M, Khan SI. Small colony variants have a major role in stability and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J Antibiot 2015; 68:98-105.
14
15. Kaito C, Sekimizu K. Colony spreading in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 2007; 189: 2553–2557.
15
16. Ortega E, Abriouel H, Lucas R & Galvez A. Multiple roles of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins: pathogenicity, superantigenic activity, and correlation to antibiotic resistance. Toxins2010; 2: 2117-2131.
16
17. Otto M. Staphylococcal biofilms. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008; 322: 207–228.
17
18. Mirani, Z.A., Aziz, M., Khan, M.N., Lal, I., Hassan, N.U., and Khan, S.I. Biofilm formation and dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus under the influence of oxacillin. Microb Pathog 2013; 61–62C: 66–72.
18
19. Tsompanidou E, Sibbald MJ, Chlebowicz MA, Dreisbach A, Back JW, et al. Requirement of the agr locus for colony spreading of Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 2011; 193: 1267–1272.
19
20.Boles BR, Horswill AR. Staphylococcal biofilm disassembly. Trends Microbiol 2011; 19: 449–455.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CRISPR/Cas9, a new approach to successful knockdown of ABCB1/P-glycoprotein and reversal of chemosensitivity in human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line
Objective(s): Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the successful chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, is a well-known strategy to overcome MDR in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency and ability of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to knockdown ABCB1 gene expression in adriamycin resistant (A2780/ADR) ovarian cancer cell line and evaluate the sensitivity changes to doxorubicin. Materials and Methods: Three single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting the fourth and fifth exons of human ABCB1 gene were designed in this study. Expression level of ABCB1 was detected using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) after co-transfection of all three sgRNAs into A2780/ADR cell line and subsequent antibiotic selection. Drug sensitivity to doxorubicin was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: The results showed that CRISPR/Cas9 system could significantly reduce the expression of P-gp. The dramatic decline in ABCB1 gene expression was associated with increased sensitivity of cells transfected with sgRNAs to doxorubicin. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the CRISPR-based systems, used in the present study, effectively down-regulated the target gene and acted as an ideal and cost-effective tool for gene editing of A2780/ADR cell line resulting in restoration of nonmalignant phenotype.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10010_e4b345880126b9cb1bd46306ff2d71c7.pdf
2018-02-01
181
187
10.22038/ijbms.2017.25145.6230
CRISPR
Doxorubicin
Drug resistance
Ovarian cancer
P-glycoprotein
Leyla
Norouzi-Barough
l.norouzi61@gmail.com
1
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad reza
Sarookhani
mrsarookhani@qums.ac.ir
2
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rasoul
Salehi
r_salehi@med.mui.ac.ir
3
Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammadreza
Sharifi
mo_sharifi@med.mui.ac.ir
4
Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Sahar
Moghbelinejad
smoghbelinejad@qums.ac.ir
5
Department of Biochemistry and Genetic, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Sankaranarayanan R, Ferlay J. Worldwide burden of gynaecological cancer: The size of the problem. Best Pract Res Cl Ob 2006; 20: 207–225.
1
2. Beaufort CM, Helmijr JC, Piskorz AM, Hoogstraat M, Ruigrok-Ritstier K, Besselink N, et al. Ovarian cancer cell line panel (OCCP): clinical importance of in vitro morphological subtypes. PLoS One 2014; 9: e103988.
2
3. Kobayashi A, Yokoyama Y, Osawa Y, Miura R, Mizunuma H. Gene therapy for ovarian cancer using carbonyl reductase 1 DNA with a polyamidoamine dendrimer in mouse models. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23: 24–28.
3
4. Cho KR, Shih leM. Ovarian Cancer. Annu Rev Pathol 2009; 4: 287–313.
4
5. Reinartz S, Finkernage F, Adhikary T, Rohnalter V, Schumann T, Schober Y, et al. A transcriptome-based global map of signaling pathways in the ovarian cancer microenvironment associated with clinical outcome. Genome Biol 2016; 17: 108.
5
6. Banerjee S, Kaye SB. New strategies in the treatment of ovarian cancer: current clinical perspectives and future potential. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19: 961–968.
6
7. Markman M. Current standards of care for chemotherapy of optimally cytoreduced advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 131: 241–245.
7
8. Baguley BC. Multiple drug resistance mechanisms in cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 46: 308–316.
8
9. Wu CP, Calcagno AM, Ambudkar SV. Reversal of ABC drug transporter-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells: evaluation of current strategies. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2008; 1: 93–105.
9
10. Binkhathlan Z, Lavasanifar A. P-glycoprotein inhibition as a therapeutic approach for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer: current status and future perspectives. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2013; 13: 326–346.
10
11. Follit CA, Brewer FK, Wise JG, Vogel PD. In silico identified targeted inhibitors of P-glycoprotein overcome multidrug resistance in human cancer cells in culture. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3: e00170.
11
12. Gottesman MM, Ling V. The molecular basis of multidrug resistance in cancer: The early years of P-glycoprotein research. FEBS Lett 2006; 580: 998–1009.
12
13. Sui H, Fan ZZ, Li Q. Signal transduction pathways and transcriptional mechanisms of ABCB1/Pgp-mediated multiple drug resistance in human cancer cells. J Int Med Res 2012; 40: 426–435.
13
14. Gaj T, Gersbach CA, Barbas CF. ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31: 397–405.
14
15. Torres-Ruiz R, Rodriguez-Perales S. CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary tool for cancer modelling. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16: 22151–22168.
15
16. Chang H, Yi B, Ma R, Zhang X, Zhao H, Xi Y. CRISPR/cas9, a novel genomic tool to knock down microRNA in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 22312.
16
17. Zhang H, Wang J, Cai K, Jiang L, Zhou D, Yang C, et al. Downregulation of gene MDR1 by shRNA to reverse multidrug-resistance of ovarian cancer A2780 cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2012; 8: 226–231.
17
18. Guschin DY, Waite AJ, Katibah GE, Miller JC, Holmes MC, Rebar EJ. A rapid and general assay for monitoring endogenous gene modification. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 649: 247-256.
18
19. Li YL, Ye F, Hu Y, Lu WG, Xie X. Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies of human serous ovarian cancer by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem 2009; 394: 110–116.
19
20. Jacob F, Guertler R, Naim S, Nixdorf S, Fedier A, Hacker NF, et al. Careful selection of reference genes is required for reliable performance of RT-qPCR in human normal and cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8: e59180.
20
21. Xie Z, Cao L, Zhang J. miR-21 modulates paclitaxel sensitivity and hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha expression in human ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6: 795–800.
21
22. Cong L, Ran FA, Cox D, Lin S, Barretto R, Habib N, et al. Multiplex genome editing using CRISPR/Cas system. Science 2013; 339: 819-823.
22
23. Savic N, Schwank G. Advances in therapeutic CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Transl Res 2016; 168: 15–21.
23
24. Bikard D, Marraffini LA. Control of gene expression by CRISPR-Cas systems. F1000 Prime Rep 2013; 5: 47.
24
25. Liu T, Li Zh, Zhang Q, De Amorim Bernstein K, Lozano-Calderon S, Choy E, et al. Targeting ABCB1 (MDR1) in multi-drug resistant osteosarcoma cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to reverse drug resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 7: 83502–83513.
25
26. Yang Y, Qiu JG, Li Y, Di JM, Zhang WJ, Jiang QW, et al. Targeting ABCB1-mediated tumor multidrug resistance by CRISPR / Cas9-based genome editing. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8: 3986–3994.
26
27. Wunder JS, Bull SB, Aneliunas V, Lee PD, Davis AM, Beauchamp CP, et al. MDR1 gene expression and outcome in osteosarcoma: a prospective, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18: 2685–2694.
27
28. Baldini N, Scotlandi K, Barbanti-Bròdano G, Manara MC, Maurici D, Bacci G, et al. Expression of P-glycoprotein in high-grade osteosarcomas in relation to clinical outcome. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1380–1385.
28
29. Jekerle V, Klinkhammer W, Scollard DA, Breitbach K, Reilly RM, Piquette-Miller M, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of WK-X-34, a novel inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and BCRP using radio imaging techniques. Int J Cancer 2006; 119: 414–422.
29
30. Simoff I, Karlgren M, Backlund M, Lindstrom AC, Gaugaz FZ, Matsson P, et al. Complete knockout of endogenous Mdr1 (Abcb1) in MDCK cells by CRISPR-Cas9. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105: 1017–1021.
30
31. Shalem O, Sanjana NE, Zhang F. High-throughput functional genomics using CRISPR-Cas9. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16: 299–311.
31
32. Ha JS, Byun J, Ahn DR. Overcoming doxorubicin resistance of cancer cells by Cas9-mediated gene disruption. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 22847.
32
33. Sims JT, Ganguly SS, Bennett H, Friend JW, Tepe J, Plattner R. Imatinib reverses doxorubicin resistance by affecting activation of STAT3-dependent NF-kB and HSP27/p38/AKT pathways and by inhibiting ABCB1. PLoS One 2013; 8: e55509.
33
34. Callaghan R, Luk F, Bebawy M. Inhibition of the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein: time for a change of strategy?. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42: 623–631.
34
35. Kaymaz BT, Kosova B. Advances in therapeutic approaches using RNA interference as a gene silencing tool. Adv Tech Biol Med 2013; 1: 108.
35
36. Qi LS, Larson MH, Gilbert LA, Doudna JA, Weissman JS, Arkin AP, et al. Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Cell 2013; 152: 1173–1183.
36
37. Porteus MH. Towards a new era in medicine: therapeutic genome editing. Genome Biol 2015; 16: 286.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical composition of Pycnocycla bashagardiana fruit’s essential oil in animal models
Objective(s): Pycnocycla bashagardiana is an endemic species found only in Iran. Due to the presence of myristicin as the major component of the fruit’s oil we were prompted to assess the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of P. bashagardiana fruit’s essential oil (PBFEO). Materials and Methods: The analgesic activities of PBFEO (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, IP) were studied by hot-plate and formalin tests in mice. Control and standard groups received vehicle and morphine (5 mg/kg, IP), respectively. The acute anti-inflammatory effect of PBFEO (200 and 400 mg/kg, IP) were assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema method in 30 min, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr after carrageenan injection and the chronic anti-inflammatory effect of PBFEO (50 and 100 mg/kg, IP) were assessed by the cotton pellet-induced granuloma method in rats. Results: In hot-plate and formalin tests, the studied doses of PBFEO were not effective. However, in carrageenan test, all studied doses ofPBFEO significantly reduced the paw edema in comparison to the control animals (P<0.05). Anti-inflammatory activity of PBFEO(200 and 400 mg/kg, P<0.05) was found to be more than mefenamic acid (30 mg/kg). In cotton pellet-induced granuloma, PBFEO was also effective regarding the transudate and granuloma formation amount. PBFEO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 12 constituents, representing 96.0% of the oil, were identified. The major component of the oil was characterized as myristicin which might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The results suggest that PBFEOpossesses biologically active constituents that have significant peripheral anti-inflammatory effects.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10029_0971fd15d5fbb7329744c20e468d5384.pdf
2018-02-01
188
193
10.22038/ijbms.2017.20860.5426
Anti-inflammatory Antinociceptive
Essential oil
Mice
Pycnocycla bashagardiana Mozaff
Rat
Fatemeh
Jahandar
fatemeh_jahandar@yahoo.com
1
Herbal Medicines Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Jinous
Asgarpanah
taxolfa@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parvaneh
Najafizadeh
najafizadeh.p@gmail.com
3
Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Mousavi
mosavi50@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Yari M, Aghjani Z, Masoudi S, RUSTAIYAN A. Essential oils of Pycnocycla Flabellifolia (Boiss.) Boiss. and Malabaila Secacule (Miller) boiss. DARU J Pharm Sci 1999; 7:1-3.
1
2. Margaris NS, Koedam A, Vokou D. Aromatic plants: basic and applied aspects: proceedings of an international symposium on aromatic plants. Springer Science & Business Media 1982.
2
3. Javidnia K, Miri R, Soltani M, Gholami M, Khosravi A. Essential oil composition of four hypericum species from Iran. Chem Nat Compd 2008; 44:374-377.
3
4. Mozaffarian V. A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Farhang Mosavar Publ., Tehran, Iran. 2006.
4
5. Siegmund E, Cadmus R, Lu G. A method for evaluating both non-narcotic and narcotic analgesics. Exp Biol Med 1957; 95:729-731.
5
6. Rangriz E, Mousavi Z, Najafizadeh P, Asgarpanah J. Antinociceptive effect of the endemic species glaucium vitellinum boiss and buhse. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016 ;11:1-5.
6
7. Almasirad A, Mousavi Z, Tajik M, Assarzadeh MJ, Shafiee A. Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of new methyl-imidazolyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles and 1, 2, 4-triazoles. DARU J Pharm Sci 2014; 22:1-8.
7
8. Winter CA, Risley EA, Nuss GW. Carrageenin-induced edema in hind paw of the rat as an assay for antiinflammatory drugs. Exp Biol Med 1962; 111: 544-547.
8
9. Winter CA, Porter CC. Effect of alterations in side chain upon anti‐inflammatory and liver glycogen activities of hydrocortisone esters. Am Pharm Assoc 1957; 46:515-519.
9
10. Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1997; 6:671-672.
10
11.Hernández-Pérez M, Rabanal RM. Evaluation of the antinflammatory and analgesic activity of Sideritis canariensis var. pannosa in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81:43-47.
11
12. Swingle K, Shideman F. Phases of the inflammatory response to subcutaneous implantation of a cotton pellet and their modification by certain antiinflammatory agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1972; 183:226-234.
12
13. Lee JY, Park W. Anti-inflammatory effect of myristicin on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Molecules 2011;16:7132-7142.
13
14. Serhan CN, Chiang N, Van Dyke TE. Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8:349-361.
14
15. Ishihara K, Hirano T. IL-6 in autoimmune disease and chronic inflammatory proliferative disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2002;13:357-368.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
S100A9 aggravates bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice via activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and NF-κB pathways
Objective(s): This study aims to investigate the pathogenicity and possible mechanisms of S100A9 function in mice models of scleroderma. Materials and Methods: The content of S100A9 in the skin tissues of mice with scleroderma was determined. Different concentrations of bleomycin (BLM) and S100A9 were subcutaneously injected into the backs of mice simultaneously, and then pathological changes in the skin of these mice were monitored. Specifically, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, and the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) in the skin were determined. Results: The content of S100A9 in the skin tissues of mice with scleroderma was determined. Different concentrations of BLM and S100A9 were subcutaneously injected into the backs of mice simultaneously, and then pathological changes in the skin of these mice were monitored. Specifically, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, and the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) in the skin were determined. Conclusion: S100A9 aggravates dermal fibrosis in BLM-induced scleroderma (BIS ) mice, and its mechanisms might be mediated by RAGE, ERK1/2, and NF-κB pathway.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10105_1dc25de5aedbfac226699d8cde0153e3.pdf
2018-02-01
194
201
10.22038/ijbms.2018.19987.5255
S100A9
Scleroderma
Bleomycin
RAGE
ERK1/2 MAPK
NF-κB
Xue
Xu
yingzhanga@yeah.net
1
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
AUTHOR
Zhiyong
Chen
heyinab@yeah.net
2
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
AUTHOR
Xiaoxia
Zhu
zongruchen@yeah.net
3
Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
AUTHOR
Dandan
Wang
ruinianliu@yeah.net
4
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
AUTHOR
Jun
Liang
weihea@yeah.net
5
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
AUTHOR
Cheng
Zhao
shaolinwang@126.com
6
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
AUTHOR
Xuebing
Feng
ziqiangyana@yeah.net
7
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
AUTHOR
Jiucun
Wang
enzhifeng@yeah.net
8
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
AUTHOR
Hejian
Zou
linjieas@yeah.net
9
Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
AUTHOR
Lingyun
Sun
hejianzoudoc@163.com
10
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
1.Varga J, Abraham D. Systemic sclerosis: a prototypic multisystem fibrotic disorder. J Clinical Invest 2007;117:557-567.
1
2.Yanaba K. Strategy for treatment of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis: Present and future. J Dermatol 2016;43:46-55.
2
3.Foell D, Wittkowski H, Vogl T, Roth J. S100 proteins expressed in phagocytes: a novel group of damage-associated molecularpattern molecules. J LeukocBiol 2007;81:28-37.
3
4.Ryckman C, Gilbert C, de Médicis R, Lussier A, Vandal K, Tessier PA. Monosodium urate monohydrate crystals induce the release of the proinflammatory protein S100A8/A9 from neutrophils. J LeukocBiol 2004;76:433-440.
4
5.Simard JC, Girard D, Tessier PA. Induction of neutrophil degranulation by S100A9 via a MAPK-dependent mechanism. J LeukocBiol 2010;87:905-914.
5
6.Schnekenburger J, Schick V, Krüger B, Manitz MP, Sorg C, Nacken W, et al. The calcium binding protein Sl00A9 is essential for pancreatic leukocyte infiltration and induces disruption of cell-cell contacts. J Cell Physiol 2008;216:558-567.
6
7.Kurzinski K, Torok KS. Cytokine profiles in localized scleroderma and relationship to clinical features. Cytokine 2011;55:157-164.
7
8.Tan FK, Zhou X, Mayes MD, Gourh P, Guo X, Marcum C, et al. Signatures of differentially regulated interferon gene expression and vasculotrophism in the peripheral blood cells of systemic sclerosis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45:694-702.
8
9.Giusti L, Bazzichi L, Baldini C, Ciregia F, Mascia G, Giannaccini G, et al. Specific proteins identified in whole saliva from patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2007;34:2063-2069.
9
10.Fietta A, Bardoni A, Salvini R, Passadore I, Morosini M, Cavagna L, et al. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteome from systemic sclerosis patients with or without functional, clinical and radiological signs of lung fibrosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:R160.
10
11.van Bon L, Cossu M, Loof A, Gohar F, Wittkowski H, Vonk M, et al. Proteomic analysis of plasma identifies the Toll-like receptor agonists S100A8/A9 as a novel possible marker for systemic sclerosis phenotype. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1585-1589.
11
12.Xu X, Wu WY, Tu WZ, Chu HY, Zhu XX, Liang MR, et al. Increased expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. A correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities. Clin Rheumatol 2013;32:1501-1510.
12
13.Yamamoto T, Nishioka K. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bleomycin-induced murine scleroderma: current update and future perspective. ExpDermatol 2005;14:81-95.
13
14.Foell D, Roth J. Proinflammatory S100 proteins in arthritis and autoimmune disease. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:3762-3771.
14
15.Kumar RK, Harrison CA, Cornish CJ, Kocher M, Geczy CL. Immunodetection of the murine chemotactic protein CP-10 in bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury. Pathology 1998;30:51-56.
15
16.Kerkhoff C, Klempt M, Sorg C. Novel insights into structure and function of MRP8 (S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9). BiochimBiophysActa 1998;1448:200-211.
16
17.Yamamoto T, Kuroda M, Nishioka K. Animal model of sclerotic skin. III: Histopathological comparison of bleomycin-induced scleroderma in various mice strains. Arch Dermatol Res 2000;292:535-541.
17
18.Nikitorowicz-Buniak J, Shiwen X, Denton CP, Abraham D, Stratton R. Abnormally differentiating keratinocytes in the epidermis of systemic sclerosis patients show enhancedsecretion of CCN2 and S100A9. J Invest Dermatol 2014;134:2693-2702.
18
19.Xu X, Chen H, Zhu X, Ma Y, Liu Q, Xue Y, et al. S100A9 promotes human lung fibroblast cells activation through receptor for advanced glycation end-product-mediated extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2, mitogen-activated protein-kinase and nuclear factor-κB-dependent pathways. ClinExpImmunol 2013;173:523-535.
19
20.Fullard N, O'Reilly S. Role of innate immune system in systemic sclerosis. SeminImmunopathol 2015;37:511-517.
20
21.Wu M, Mohan C. B-cells in systemic sclerosis: emerging evidence from genetics to phenotypes. CurrOpinRheumatol 2015;27:537-541.
21
22.Murdaca G, Spanò F, Contatore M, Guastalla A, Puppo F. Potential use of TNF-α inhibitors in systemic sclerosis. Immunotherapy 2014;6:283-289.
22
23.Neeper M, Schmidt AM, Brett J, Yan SD, Wang F, Pan YC, et al. Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins. J BiolChem 1992;267:14998-15004.
23
24.Heizmann CW, Ackermann GE, Galichet A. Pathologies involving the S100 proteins and RAGE. SubcellBiochem 2007;45:93-138.
24
25.Leclerc E, Vetter SW. The role of S100 proteins and their receptor RAGE in pancreatic cancer. BiochimBiophysActa 2015;1852:2706-2711.
25
26.He M, Kubo H, Ishizawa K, Hegab AE, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, et al. The role of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products in lung fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell MolPhysiol 2007;293:L1427-1436.
26
27.Queisser MA, Kouri FM, Königshoff M, Wygrecka M, Schubert U, Eickelberg O, et al. Loss of RAGE in pulmonary fibrosis: molecular relations to functional changes in pulmonary cell types. Am J Respir Cell MolBiol 2008;39:337-345.
27
28.Yan L, Mathew L, Chellan B, Gardner B, Earley J, Puri TS, et al. S100/Calgranulin-mediated inflammation accelerates left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic valvesclerosis in chronic kidney disease in a receptor for advanced glycation end products-dependent manner. ArteriosclerThrombVascBiol 2014;34:1399-1411.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of novel phenanthroline derivatives: An in vivo study
Objective(s): Due to the rapid increased drug resistance to Plasmodium parasites, an urgent need to achieve new antiplasmodial drugs is felt. Therefore, in this study, the new synthetic phenanthroline derivatives were synthesized with antiplasmodial activity. Materials and Methods: A series of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives containing amino-alcohol and amino-ether substituents were synthesized via facile procedures, starting with 5,6-epoxy-1,10-phenanthroline. Their antiplasmodial activity was then evaluated using Peter's 4-day suppressive test against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice (ANKA strain). Furthermore, the mean survival time of the mice treated with synthetic compounds was compared with the negative control group. Results: The results demonstrated that the compounds 6-(3-(dibutylamino)propylamino)-5,6-dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline-5-ol (7b) at the dose of 150 mg/kg/day and 4-(1,10-phenanthroline-5-yloxy)-N,N-dipropylbutan-1-amine (8b) at the dose of 15 mg/kg/day have 90.58% and 88.32% suppression, respectively. All synthetic compounds prolonged the mean survival time of treated mice in comparison with negative control groups, indicating the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of these new compounds. Conclusion: The present study is the first attempt to achieve new, effective synthetic compounds based on phenanthroline scaffold with the antiplasmodial activity. However, more research is needed to optimize their antimalarial activity.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10030_29a7d2695ffca62f669ce796fd841e48.pdf
2018-02-01
202
211
10.22038/ijbms.2017.24558.6106
Antiplasmodial activity Malaria Plasmodium berghei Peter's test 1
10-Phenanthroline Quinoline
Azar
Tahghighi
atahghighi2009@gmail.com
1
Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Safoura
Karimi
2
Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arezoo
Rafie Parhizgar
3
Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sedigheh
Zakeri
zakeris@yahoo.com
4
Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1.World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2015. Geneva 2015. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/ publications/world-malaria-report-2015/.
1
2.Golan DE, Tashjian AH, Armstrong EJ. Principles of pharmacology: the pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy, 4st ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.
2
3.Enserink M. Malaria's drug miracle in danger. Science 2010; 328:844-846.
3
4.Kappe SH, Vaughan AM, Boddey JA, Cowman AF. That was then but this is now: malaria research in the time of an eradication agenda. Science 2010; 328:862-866.
4
5.Nosten F, Van Vugt M, Price R, Luxemburger C, Thway KL, Brockman A, McGready R, ter Kuile F, Looareesuwan S, White NJ. Effects of artesunate-mefloquine combination on incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and mefloquine resistance in western Thailand: a prospective study. Lancet 2000; 356:297-302.
5
6.Beshir K, Sutherland CJ, Merinopoulos I, Durrani N, Leslie T, Rowland M, Hallett L. Amodiaquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Afghanistan is associated with the pfcrt SVMNT allele at codons 72 to 76. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3714-3716.
6
7.Smrkovski LL, Buck RL, Alcantara AK, Rodriguez CS, Uylangco CV. Studies of resistance to chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine and mefloquine among Philippine strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Transa R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1985; 79:37-41.
7
8.Croft AM. A lesson learnt: the rise and fall of Lariam and Halfan. J R Soc Med2007; 100:170–174.
8
9.ter Kuile FO, Dolan G, Nosten F, Edstein MD, Luxemburger C, Phaipun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Webster HK, White NJ. Halofantrine versus mefloquine in treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. Lancet 1993; 341:1044-1049.
9
10.Cui L, Su XZ. Discovery, mechanisms of action and combination therapy of artemisinin. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009; 7:999-1013.
10
11.Lim P, Alker AP, Khim N, Shah NK, Incardona S, Doung S, Yi P, Bouth DM, Bouchier C, Puijalon OM, Meshnick SR, Wongsrichanalai C, Fandeur T, Le Bras J, Ringwald P, Ariey F. Pfmdr1 copy number and arteminisin derivatives combination therapy failure in falciparum malaria in Cambodia. Malar J 2009; 8:11.
11
12.Sunjic V, Parnham MJ. Signposts to chiral drugs: organic synthesis in action. Springer Science & Business Media; 2011.
12
13.Biamonte MA, Wanner J, Le Roch KG. Recent advances in malaria drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2829-2843.
13
14.Hadanu R, Mastjeh S, Jumina J, Mustofa M, Widjayanti MA, Sholikhah EN. Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity testing of(1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide. Indones J Chemistry 2010; 7: 197-201.
14
15.Hadanu R, Matsjeh S, Jumina M, Widjayanti MA, Sholikhah EN. Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity testing of (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1, 10-phenanthrolinium bromide compound. Proceeding of ICCS 2007; 24-26.
15
16.Sholikhah EN, Supargiyono S, Jumina J, Wijayanti MA, Tahir I, Hadanu R, Mustofa. In vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of newly synthesized N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1, 10-phenanthroline derivatives.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2006; 37:1072-1077.
16
17.Wijayanti MA, Sholikhah EN, Hadanu R, Jumina J, Supargiyono S, Mustofa M. Additive in vitro anti-plasmodial effect of N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1, 10-phenanthroline derivatives and cysteine protease inhibitor E64. Malar Res Treat 2010; 2010:540786.
17
18.Wijayanti MA, Sholikhah EN, Tahir I, Hadanu R, Jumina J, Supargiyono S, Mustafa M. Antiplasmodial activity and acute toxicity of N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1, 10-phenanthroline derivatives in mouse malaria model. J Health Sci 2006; 52:794-799.
18
19.Fitriastuti D, Mardjan MID, Jumina J, Mustofa M. Synthesis and heme polymerization inhibitory activity (HPIA) assay of antiplasmodium of (1)-N-(3, 4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1, 10-phenanthrolinium bromide from vanillin. Indones J Chem 2014; 14:1-6.
19
20.Egan TJ, Koch KR, Swan PL, Clarkson C, Van Schalkwyk DA, Smith PJ. In vitro antimalarial activity of a series of cationic 2,2′-bipyridyl- and 1,10-phenanthrolineplatinum(II) benzoylthiourea complexes. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2926 -2934.
20
21.Shahroosvand H, Abbasi P, Notash B, Najafi L. Separation of functionalized 5, 6-disubstituted-1, 10-phenanthroline for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. J Chem 2013; 2013: Article ID 475843.
21
22.Howell BA, Dumitrascu A. Thermal stability of bidendate nitrogen ligands tethered to multiwall carbon nanotubes. J Therm Anal Calorim 2010; 102: 505-512.
22
23.Knight DJ, Peters W. The anti-malarial activity of N-benzyloxydihydrotriazines. I. The activity of clociguanil (BRL 50216) against rodent malaria, and studies on its mode of action. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1980; 74:393-404.
23
24.Shen Y, Sullivan BP. A Versatile Preparative Route to 5-Substituted-1,10-Phenanthroline Ligands via 1,10-Phenanthroline 5,6-Epoxide. Inorg Chem 1995; 34:6235–6236.
24
25.Sullivan DJ, Gluzman IY, Russell DG, Goldberg DE. On the molecular mechanism of chloroquine's antimalarial action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:11865-11870.
25
26.Kumar S, Guha M, Choubey V, Maity P, Bandyopadhyay U. Antimalarial drugs inhibiting hemozoin (β-hematin) formation: a mechanistic update. Life Sci 2007; 80:813-828.
26
27.Coronado LM, Nadovich CT, Spadafora C. Malarial hemozoin: from target to tool. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1840:2032-2041.
27
28.Weissbuch I, Leiserowitz L . Interplay between malaria, crystalline hemozoin formation, and antimalarial drug action and design. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4899-4914.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of the efficacy of Piascledine and transforming growth factor β1 on chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in fibrin and fibrin-alginate scaffolds
Objective(s):The aim of this study was to compare the chondrogenic induction potential of Piascledine and TGF-β1 on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in fibrin and fibrin-alginate scaffolds. Materials and Methods: Human subcutaneous adipose tissues were harvested from three patients who were scheduled to undergo liposuction. Isolated ADSCs were proliferated in a culture medium. Then, the cells were seeded in fibrin or fibrin-alginate scaffolds and cultured for 14 days in a chondrogenic medium containing Piascledine, TGF-β1, or both. The rate of cell proliferation and survival was evaluated by using MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and the rate of the expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, and type X collagen genes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method. Results: The MTT results showed that Piascledine is able to enhance the proliferation and survival of ADSCs in fibrin scaffolds in comparison to other groups (P<0.05). Real-time PCR evaluation revealed that the expression of type II collagen was higher in TGF- β1groups, but the expression of aggrecan was higher in TGF-β1 alone or along with Piascledine in fibrin-alginate scaffolds. Furthermore, the expression of type X collagen was lower in Piascledine alone or along with TGF-β1 in fibrin scaffold. Conclusion: Piascledine can enhance the proliferation and differentiation of ADSCs in fibrin scaffolds.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10068_c07b09bc99cd0179dec7e26590bb3235.pdf
2018-02-01
212
218
10.22038/ijbms.2018.24693.6136
Chondrogenesis Piascledine
Stem cells
Tissue engineering
Transforming growth-
factor beta 1
Batul
Hashemibeni
hashemibeni@med.mui.ac.ir
1
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Valiani
valiani@med.mui.ac.ir
2
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Esmaeili
esmaeili@yahoo.com
3
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohamad
Kazemi
kazemi@med.mui.ac.ir
4
Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Aliakbari
aliakbari@yahoo.com
5
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Farhad
Golshan Iranpour
fgolshaniranpour@yahoo.com
6
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Hardingham T, Tew S, Murdoch A. Tissue engineering: Chondrocytes and cartilage. Arthritis Res 2002; 4: 63-8.
1
2. Mitchell N, Shepard N. The resurfacing of adult rabbit articular cartilage by multiple perforations through the subchondral bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976; 58: 230-3.
2
3. Mardani M, Hashemibeni B, Ansar MM, Esfahani SH, Kazemi M, Goharian V, Esmaeili N, Esfandiary E. Comparison between chondrogenic markers of differentiated chondrocytes from adipose derived stem cells and articular chondrocytes in vitro. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2013; 16(6):763.
3
4. Colter DC, Sekiya I, Prockop DJ. Identification of a subpopulation of rapidly self-renewing and multipotential adult stem cells in colonies of human marrow stromal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 7841-45.
4
5. Hahemibeni B, Razavi Sh, Esfandiary E, Karbasi S, Mardani M, Nasresfahani M. Induction of chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose‑derived stem cells with TGF‑β3 in pellet culture system. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2008; 11(1): 10-17.
5
6. Giovannini S, Diaz-Romero J, Aigner T, Heini P, Mainil-Varlet P, Nesic D. Micromass co-culture of human articular chondrocytes and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to investigate stable neocartilage tissue formation in vitro. Eur Cell Mater. 2010; 20:59.
6
7. Langer R, Vacanti JP. Tissue engineering. Science 1993; 260(5110): 920-6.
7
8. Henrotin YE, Labasse AH, Jaspar JM, De Groote DD, Zheng SX, Guillou GB, Reginster JY. Effects of three avocado/soybean unsaponifiable mixtures on metalloproteinases, cytokines and prostaglandin E 2 production by human articular chondrocytes. Clinical rheumatology. 1998; 17(1):31-9.
8
9. Mauviel A, Daireaux M, Hartmann DJ, Galera P, Loyau G, Pujol JP. Effects of unsaponifiable extracts of avocado/soy beans (PIAS) on the production of collagen by cultures of synoviocytes, articular chondrocytes and skin fibroblasts. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 1989; 56(2): 207-11. [In French].
9
10. Hunter DJ. Pharmacologic therapy for osteoarthritis—the era of disease modification. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 7(1): 13-22.
10
11. Breen A, Dockery P, O'Brien T, Pandit A. Fibrin scaffold promotes adenoviral gene transfer and controlled vector delivery. J of Biomed Mater Res A 2009;89(4):876-84.
11
12. Chen G, Ushida T, Tateishi T. A biodegradable hybrid sponge nested with collagen microsponges. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 51(2): 273-79.
12
13. Lahiji A, Sohrabi A, Hangerford DS, Frondoza CG. Chitosan supports the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in human osteoblasts and chondrocytes. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 51(4): 586-95.
13
14. Zhou H, Xu HH. The fast release of stem cells from alginate-fibrin microbeads in injectable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2011; 32(30): 7503-13.
14
15. Buser Z, Liu J, Thorne KJ, Coughlin D, Lotz JC. Inflammatory response of intervertebral disc cells is reduced by fibrin sealant scaffold in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014;8(1):77-84.
15
16. Shikanov A, Xu M, Woodruff TK, Shea LD. Interpenetrating fibrin-alginate matrices for in vitro ovarian follicle development. Biomaterials 2009; 30(29): 5476-85.
16
17. Morris VJ. Gelation of polysaccharides. In: Mitchell JR, Ledward DA, editors. Functional properties of food macromolecules. New York: Elsevier; 1986: 121-8.
17
18. Hashemibeni B, Razavi S, Esfandiary E, Karbasi S, Mardani M, Sadeghi F, Esfahani MN, Nadali F, Shafiezade H. Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-ß3 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 Growth Factors on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Alginate Scaffold. J Isfahan Med Sch 2010; 28(112). [In Persian].
18
19.Yang SH, Wu CC, Shih TT, Chen PQ, Lin FH. Three-dimensional culture of human nucleus pulposus cells in fibrin clot: comparisons on cellular proliferation and matrix synthesis with cells in alginate. Artif Organs 2008; 32(1): 70-3.
19
20. Valiani A, Hashemibeni B, Esfandiary E, Ansar MM, Kazemi M, Esmaeili N. Study of carbon nano-tubes effects on the chondrogenesis of human adipose derived stem cells in alginate scaffold. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5(7): 825-34.
20
21. Rowley JA, Madlambayan G, Mooney DJ. Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials. Biomaterials 1999; 20(1): 45-53.
21
22. Wang ZY, Zhang QZ, Konno M, Saito S. Sol-gel transition of alginate solution by the addition of various divalent cations: 13C-nmr spectroscopic study. Biopolymers 1993; 33(4): 703-11.
22
23. Esfandiary E, Valiani A, Hashemibeni B, Moradi I, Narimani M. The evaluation of toxicity of carbon nanotubes on the human adipose-derived-stem cells in-vitro. Advanced biomedical research. 2014; 3(1):40.
23
24. Yan J, Dong L, Zhang B, Qi N. Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Electromagnetic biology and medicine 2010; 29(4):165-76.
24
25. Creecy CM, O'Neill CF, Arulanandam BP, Sylvia VL, Navara CS, Bizios R. Mesenchymal stem cell osteodifferentiation in response to alternating electric current. Tissue Engineering Part A 2012; 19(3-4):467-74.
25
26. Grimaud E, Heymann D, Rédini F. Recent advances in TGF-β effects on chondrocyte metabolism: potential therapeutic roles of TGF-β in cartilage disorders. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 2002 Jun 30; 13(3):241-57
26
27. Christiansen BA, Bhatti S, Goudarzi R, Emami S. Management of osteoarthritis with avocado/soybean unsaponifiables. Cartilage 2015; 6(1):30-44.
27
28. Didehvar H, Golshan-Iranpour F, Valiani A, Hashemibeni B, Esmaeeli M. Comparing the effects of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-ß1) and piascledine on the expression of collagen II, X and aggrecan genes in chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells in fibrin alginate composite scaffold. J Isfahan Med Sch 2016; 34(373): 157-65. [In Persian].
28
29. Esmaeily M, Hashemibeni B, Valiani A, Amirpour N, Purmollaabbasi B, Kazemi M. Effect of Piasclidine on induction of chondrogenesis by human adipose-derived stem cells in fibrin scaffold. J Isfahan Med Sch 2016; 33(357): 1862-70. [In Persian].
29
30. Lamaud E, Robert AM, Wepierre J. Biochemical effects of unsaponifiable lipidic components of avocado and soya bean administered percutaneously on the connective tissue components of hairless rat skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 1979; 1(4):213-9.
30
31. Henrotin YE, Sanchez C, Deberg MA, Piccardi N, Guillou GB, Msika P, Reginster JY. Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables increase aggrecan synthesis and reduce catabolic and proinflammatory mediator production by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Journal of rheumatology 2003; 30(8):1825-34.
31
32. Altinel L, Saritas ZK, Kose KC, Pamuk K, Aksoy Y, Serteser M. Treatment with unsaponifiable extracts of avocado and soybean increases TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 levels in canine joint fluid. Tohoku J Exp Med 2007; 211(2):181-6.
32
33. Lippiello L, Nardo JV, Harlan R, Chiou T. Metabolic effects of avocado/soy unsaponifiables on articular chondrocytes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2008; 5(2):191-7.
33
34. Kucharz EJ. Application of avocado/soybean unsaponifiable mixtures (piascledine) in treatment of patients with osteoarthritis. Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja 2003; 5(2):248-51.
34
35. Hunziker EB. Growth-factor-induced healing of partial-thickness defects in adult articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2001; 9(1): 22-32.
35
36. George M, Abraham TE. Polyionic hydrocolloids for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs: alginate and chitosan--a review. J Control Release 2006; 114(1):1-14.
36
37. Rabie A, Esfandiari E, Fesharaki M, Sanaie M ,Aminmansur B, Hashemibeni B. Access to a three dimensional osteoblasts culture originating human calvaria in Iran. J Isfahan Med Sch 2010; 27(102): 777-87. [In Persian].
37
38. Harrison P, Wilbourn B, Debili N, Vainchenker W, Breton-Gorius J, Lawrie AS, et al. Uptake of plasma fibrinogen into the alpha granules of human megakaryocytes and platelets. J Clin Invest 1989; 84(4): 1320-4.
38
39. Le Nihouannen D, Guehennec LL, Rouillon T, Pilet P, Bilban M, Layrolle P, et al. Micro-architecture of calcium phosphate granules and fibrin glue composites for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006; 27(13): 2716-22.
39
40. Dragoo JL, Carlson G, McCormick F, Khan-Farooqi H, Zhu M, Zuk PA, et al. Healing full-thickness cartilage defects using adipose-derived stem cells. Tissue Eng 2007; 13(7): 1615-21.
40
41. Wei Y, Hu Y, Hao W, Han Y, Meng G, Zhang D, et al. A novel injectable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering using adipose-derived adult stem cells. J Orthop Res 2008; 26(1): 27-33.
41
42. Girandon L, Kregar-Velikonja N, Bozikov K, Barlic A. In vitro models for adipose tissue engineering with adipose-derived stem cells using different scaffolds of natural origin. Folia Biol (Praha) 2011; 57(2):47-56.
42
43. Zhao L, Weir MD, Xu HH. An injectable calcium phosphate-alginate hydrogel-umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell paste for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31(25): 6502-10.
43
44. Chien CS, Ho HO, Liang YC, Ko PH, Sheu MT, Chen CH. Incorporation of exudates of human platelet-rich fibrin gel in biodegradable fibrin scaffolds for tissue engineering of cartilage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100(4): 948-55.
44
45. Stevens MM, Qanadilo HF, Langer R, Prasad S, V. A rapid-curing alginate gel system: utility in periosteum-derived cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2004; 25(5): 887-94.
45
46. Stevens MM, Marini RP, Martin I, Langer R, Prasad S, V. FGF-2 enhances TGF-beta1-induced periosteal chondrogenesis. J Orthop Res 2004; 22(5): 1114-9.
46
47. Ma HL, Hung SC, Lin SY, Chen YL, Lo WH. Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in alginate beads. J Biomed Mater Res 2003; 64(2): 273-81.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Immunogenicity of heparin-binding hemagglutinin expressed by Pichia pastoris GS115 strain
Objective(s): Heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA), a mycobacterial cell surface protein, mediates adhesion to nonphagocytic cells and the dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) from the site of primary infection. Superior expression systems are required to obtain abundant M. tuberculosis proteins for the purpose of diagnosing M. tuberculosis infection or for the immunization. Here, HBHA was expressed by Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) GS115 strain , and the immunogenicity of HBHA was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The HBHA gene of M. tuberculosis was cloned into the pPIC9K plasmid, which was good for electroporation into P. pastoris GS115 strain. Unlabeled HBHA protein was purified using a Sepharose CL-6B column, and its expression was confirmed using anti-HBHA polyclonal antibody from mouse serum. We injected C57BL/6 mice with HBHA/ dimethyldioctadecylammonium/trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate (HBHA/DDA/TDB) to investigate the immunogenicity of this potential vaccine. Results: The results demonstrated that HBHA/DDA/TDB has the ability to induce high levels of HBHA-specific IgG antibody and its subclasses, as well as interferon-gamma, compared with injection of phosphate-buffered saline, DDA/TDB alone and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) controls (P<0.05). Moreover, the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 of the HBHA/DDA/TDB group was higher than that of the BCG group (P<0.05). Conclusion: HBHA with no label has excellent immunogenicity, and is suitable for evaluating the effectiveness to prevent M. tuberculosis infection.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10107_84f37b7d3c2befe07e5c8149094f6015.pdf
2018-02-01
219
224
10.22038/ijbms.2018.24280.6064
DDA
Heparin-binding- hemagglutinin
Mycobacterium
Pichia pastoris GS115
Tuberculosis
TDB
Xindong
Teng
tengxindeng@163.com
1
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong International Travel Healthcare Center, Qingdao, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
Xiaoguang
Chen
shandongbaojian@sina.com
2
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong International Travel Healthcare Center, Qingdao, China
AUTHOR
Ke
Zhu
qdzhuk@qq.com
3
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong International Travel Healthcare Center, Qingdao, China
AUTHOR
Hefei
Xu
fei3579@163.com
4
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong International Travel Healthcare Center, Qingdao, China
AUTHOR
1. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
1
2. de Souza GA, Wiker HG. A proteomic view of Mycobacteria. Proteomics 2011; 11:3118-3127.
2
3. Ernst JD, Trevejo-Nunez G, Banaiee N. Genomics and the evolution, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1738-1745.
3
4. Menozzi FD, Bischoff R, Fort E, Brennan MJ, Locht C. Molecular characterization of the mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglutinin, a mycobacterial adhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:12625-12630.
4
5. Masungi C, Temmerman S, Van Vooren JP, Drowart A, Pethe K, Menozzi FD, et al. Differential T and B cell responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin in infected healthy individuals and patients with tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:513-520.
5
6. Pethe K, Alonso S, Biet F, Delogu G, Brennan MJ, Locht C, et al. The heparin-binding haemagglutinin of M. tuberculosis is required for extrapulmonary dissemination. Nature 2001; 412:190-194.
6
7. Menozzi FD, Rouse JH, Alavi M, Laude-Sharp M, Muller J, Bischoff R, et al. Identification of a heparin-binding hemagglutinin present in mycobacteria. J Exp Med 1996; 184:993-1001.
7
8. Parra M, Pickett T, Delogu G, Dheenadhayalan V, Debrie AS, Locht C, et al. The mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglutinin is a protective antigen in the mouse aerosol challenge model of tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2004; 72:6799-6805.
8
9. Guerrero GG, Locht C. Recombinant HBHA boosting effect on BCG-induced immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:730702.
9
10. Temmerman S, Pethe K, Parra M, Alonso S, Rouanet C, Pickett T, et al. Methylation-dependent T cell immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin. Nat Med 2004; 10:935-941.
10
11. Hougardy JM, Schepers K, Place S, Drowart A, Lechevin V, Verscheure V, et al. Heparin-binding-hemagglutinin-induced IFN-gamma release as a diagnostic tool for latent tuberculosis. PLoS One 2007; 2:e926.
11
12. Temmerman ST, Place S, Debrie AS, Locht C, Mascart F. Effector functions of heparin-binding hemagglutinin-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in latent human tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:226-232.
12
13. Belay M, Legesse M, Mihret A, Ottenhoff TH, Franken KL, Bjune G, et al. IFN-gamma and IgA against non-methylated heparin-binding hemagglutinin as markers of protective immunity and latent tuberculosis: results of a longitudinal study from an endemic setting. J Infect 2016; 72:189-200.
13
14. Delogu G, Bua A, Pusceddu C, Parra M, Fadda G, Brennan MJ, et al. Expression and purification of recombinant methylated HBHA in Mycobacterium smegmatis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 239:33-39.
14
15. Andersson GE, Sharp PM. Codon usage in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Microbiology 1996; 142:915-925.
15
16. Cregg JM, Cereghino JL, Shi J, Higgins DR. Recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris. Mol Biotechnol 2000; 16:23-52.
16
17. Giga-Hama Y, Kumagai H. Foreign gene expression in fission yeast S. pombe. Seikagaku 1998; 70:300-304.
17
18. Lin-Cereghino GP, Stark CM, Kim D, Chang J, Shaheen N, Poerwanto H, et al. The effect of alpha-mating factor secretion signal mutations on recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris. Gene 2013; 519:311-317.
18
19. Macauley-Patrick S, Fazenda ML, McNeil B, Harvey LM. Heterologous protein production using the Pichia pastoris expression system. Yeast 2005; 22:249-270.
19
20. Teng X, Tian M, Li J, Tan S, Yuan X, Yu Q, et al. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DMT liposome-adjuvanted tuberculosis subunit CTT3H vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:1456-1464.
20
21. Locht C, Hougardy JM, Rouanet C, Place S, Mascart F. Heparin-binding hemagglutinin, from an extrapulmonary dissemination factor to a powerful diagnostic and protective antigen against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2006; 86:303-309.
21
22. Fukui M, Shinjo K, Umemura M, Shigeno S, Harakuni T, Arakawa T, et al. Enhanced effect of BCG vaccine against pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice with lung Th17 response to mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin antigen. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:735-743.
22
23. Guerrero GG, Debrie AS, Locht C. Boosting with mycobacterial heparin-binding haemagglutinin enhances protection of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated newborn mice against M. tuberculosis. Vaccine 2010; 28:4340-4347.
23
24. Stylianou E, Diogo GR, Pepponi I, van Dolleweerd C, Arias MA, Locht C, et al. Mucosal delivery of antigen-coated nanoparticles to lungs confers protective immunity against tuberculosis infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:440-449.
24
25. Verwaerde C, Debrie AS, Dombu C, Legrand D, Raze D, Lecher S, et al. HBHA vaccination may require both Th1 and Th17 immune responses to protect mice against tuberculosis. Vaccine 2014; 32:6240-6250.
25
26. Zhao S, Zhao Y, Mao F, Zhang C, Bai B, Zhang H, et al. Protective and therapeutic efficacy of Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing HBHA-hIL12 fusion protein against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31908.
26
27. Zanetti S, Bua A, Delogu G, Pusceddu C, Mura M, Saba F, et al. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis develop a strong humoral response against methylated heparin-binding hemagglutinin. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005; 12:1135-1138.
27
28. Kohama H, Umemura M, Okamoto Y, Yahagi A, Goga H, Harakuni T, et al. Mucosal immunization with recombinant heparin-binding haemagglutinin adhesin suppresses extrapulmonary dissemination of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in infected mice. Vaccine 2008; 26:924-932.
28
29. Hutchinson P, Barkham TM, Tang W, Kemeny DM, Chee CB, Wang YT. Measurement of phenotype and absolute number of circulating heparin-binding hemagglutinin, ESAT-6 and CFP-10, and purified protein derivative antigen-specific CD4 T cells can discriminate active from latent tuberculosis infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2015; 22:200-212.
29
30. Loxton AG, Black GF, Stanley K, Walzl G. Heparin-binding hemagglutinin induces IFN-gamma(+) IL-2(+) IL-17(+) multifunctional CD4(+) T cells during latent but not active tuberculosis disease. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19:746-751.
30
31. Wyndham-Thomas C, Corbiere V, Dirix V, Smits K, Domont F, Libin M, et al. Key role of effector memory CD4+ T lymphocytes in a short-incubation heparin-binding hemagglutinin gamma interferon release assay for the detection of latent tuberculosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2014; 21:321-328.
31
32. Wyndham-Thomas C, Dirix V, Schepers K, Martin C, Hildebrand M, Goffard JC, et al. Contribution of a heparin-binding haemagglutinin interferon-gamma release assay to the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected patients: comparison with the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:59.
32
33. Delogu G, Chiacchio T, Vanini V, Butera O, Cuzzi G, Bua A, et al. Methylated HBHA produced in M. smegmatis discriminates between active and non-active tuberculosis disease among RD1-responders. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18315.
33
34. Rahman MJ, Fernandez C. Neonatal vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG: potential effects as a priming agent shown in a heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol. Vaccine 2009; 27:4038-4046.
34
35. Rouanet C, Debrie AS, Lecher S, Locht C. Subcutaneous boosting with heparin binding haemagglutinin increases BCG-induced protection against tuberculosis. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:995-1001.
35
36. Soleimanpour S, Farsiani H, Mosavat A, Ghazvini K, Eydgahi MR, Sankian M, et al. APC targeting enhances immunogenicity of a novel multistage Fc-fusion tuberculosis vaccine in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10467-10480.
36
37. Mosavat A, Soleimanpour S, Farsiani H, Sadeghian H, Ghazvini K, Sankian M, et al. Fused Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi-stage immunogens with an Fc-delivery system as a promising approach for the development of a tuberculosis vaccine. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 39:163-172.
37
38. Farsiani H, Mosavat A, Soleimanpour S, Sadeghian H, Akbari EM, Ghazvini K, et al. Fc-based delivery system enhances immunogenicity of a tuberculosis subunit vaccine candidate consisting of the ESAT-6:CFP-10 complex. Mol Biosyst 2016; 12:2189-2201.
38
39. Kebriaei A, Derakhshan M, Meshkat Z, Eidgahi MR, Rezaee SA, Farsiani H, et al. Construction and immunogenicity of a new Fc-based subunit vaccine candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:911-922.
39
40. Baghani AA, Soleimanpour S, Farsiani H, Mosavat A, Yousefi M, Meshkat Z, et al. CFP10: mFcƴ2 as a novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate increases immune response in mouse. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2017; 20:122-130.
40
41. Kang JJ, Lyu Y, Zhao DM, Tian LH, Yin XM, Yang LF, et al. Antimicrobial activity of recombinant mature bovine neutrophil beta-defensin 4 on mycobacterial infection. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:711-716.
41
42. Kang J, Zhao D, Lyu Y, Tian L, Yin X, Yang L, et al. Antimycobacterial activity of Pichia pastoris-derived mature bovine neutrophil beta-defensins 5. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1823-1834.
42
43. Hwang SA, Wilk K, Kruzel ML, Actor JK. A novel recombinant human lactoferrin augments the BCG vaccine and protects alveolar integrity upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Vaccine 2009; 27:3026-3034.
43
44. Su C, Duan X, Wang X, Wang C, Cao R, Zhou B, et al. Heterologous expression of FMDV immunodominant epitopes and HSP70 in P. pastoris and the subsequent immune response in mice. Vet Microbiol 2007; 124:256-263.
44
45. Benabdesselem C, Barbouche MR, Jarboui MA, Dellagi K, Ho JL, Fathallah DM. High level expression of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate protein CFP32 in Pichia pastoris. Mol Biotechnol 2007; 35:41-49.
45
46. Benabdesselem C, Fathallah DM, Huard RC, Zhu H, Jarboui MA, Dellagi K, et al. Enhanced patient serum immunoreactivity to recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP32 produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris compared to Escherichia coli and its potential for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3086-3093.
46
47. Su CX, Duan XG, Wang XQ, Ren XF, Cao RB, Zhou B, et al. Fusion expression of O type foot-and-mouth diseases virus VP1 gene and HSP70 gene and induction of immune responses in mice. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2006; 22:733-736.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Resveratrol decreases apoptosis and NLRP3 complex expressions in experimental varicocele rat model
Objective(s): Varicocele is an abnormal dilation in the testicular vein, which can cause hypoxia, reactive oxygen species accumulation, elevation in testicular temperature, and promote apoptosis and increase proinflammatory cytokine production. According to the varicocele pathophysiology, it is possible that a group of cytosolic receptors called nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes also involve in varicocele pathogenesis. Due to the important role of antioxidant in decreasing the testis tissue damage, in this study we investigated the protective effect of resveratrol (RES) on NLRP3 complex and apoptosis in experimental varicocele rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (8 rats in each group): Control, experimental left varicocele (ELV), ELV + ethanol, ELV + 20 mg/kg RES and ELV + 50 mg/kg RES. Varicocele was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein. Three months after varicocele induction, RESwas orally administered to rats for 1 month. The expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis associated speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, Bax and Bcl2 were analyzed using real time PCR. Results: Our results showed that RESat both doses significantly (P≤ 0.05) decreased the gene expression levels of ASC, NLRP3, caspase-1 and Bax and increased Bcl2 gene expression at high dose. Conclusions: RESby reducing inflammatory factors and decreasing apoptosis might be used as adjuvant therapy to reduce varicocele complication.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_10108_658fede88d39d16eb04c2e36f01faaca.pdf
2018-02-01
225
229
10.22038/ijbms.2018.21943.5625
Apoptosis Inflammasomes Resveratrol
Rat
Varicocele
Elnaz
Hajipour
elnazhajipour69@gmai.com
1
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
Farideh
Jalali Mashayekhi
mashayekhif@yahoo.com
2
Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
Ghasem
Mosayebi
gmosayebi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Baazm
dr.baazm@arakmu.ac.ir
4
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adib
Zendedel
azendedel@gmail.com
5
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Giulan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Pasqualotto F, Agarwal A. Varicocele and male infertility: an evidence based review. Arch Med Sci 2009; 5:S20-27.
1
2. Galan J, De Felici M, Buch B, Rivero M, Segura A, Royo J, et al. Association of genetic markers within the KIT and KITLG genes with human male infertility. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:3185-3192.
2
3. Krishna Reddy S. Varicocele and Male Infertility: Current Issues in Management-A Review. Med Surg Urol 2014; 3:137-142
3
4. Sandlow J. Pathogenesis and treatment of varicoceles: Controversy still surrounds surgical treatment. BMJ 2004; 328:967-968.
4
5. Habibi B, Seifi B, Mougahi S-H, Ojaghi M, Sadeghipour H. Increases in interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma levels is progressive in immature rats with varicocele. Ir J Med Sci (1971-) 2015; 184:531-537.
5
6. Zedler S, Faist E. The impact of endogenous triggers on trauma-associated inflammation. Curr Opin Crit Care 2006; 12:595-601.
6
7. Schroder K, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell 2010; 140:821-832.
7
8. Fu Y, Wang Y, Du L, Xu C, Cao J, Fan T, et al. Resveratrol inhibits ionising irradiation-induced inflammation in MSCs by activating SIRT1 and limiting NLRP-3 inflammasome activation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14105-14118.
8
9. Latz E. The inflammasomes: mechanisms of activation and function. Curr Opin Immunol 2010; 22:28-33.
9
10. Hedger MP, Meinhardt A. Cytokines and the immune-testicular axis. J Reprod Immunol 2003; 58:1-26.
10
11. Kefer JC, Agarwal A, Sabanegh E. Role of antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility. Int J Urol 2009; 16:449-457.
11
12. Yamamoto Y, Gaynor RB. Therapeutic potential of inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Clin Invest 2001; 107:135-142.
12
13. Mendes TB, Paccola CC, de Oliveira Neves FM, Simas JN, da Costa Vaz A, Cabral REL, et al. Resveratrol improves reproductive parameters of adult rats varicocelized in peripuberty. Reproduction 2016; 152:23-35.
13
14. Abdel-Dayem M. Histological and immunohistochemical changes in the adult rat testes after left experimental varicocele and possible protective effects of resveratrol. Egypt J Histol 2009; 32:81-90.
14
15. Turner T. The study of varicocele through the use of animal models. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7:78-84.
15
16. Ku JH, Shim HB, Kim SW, Paick JS. The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of varicocele. BJU Int 2005; 96:1092-1096.
16
17. Schoor RA, Elhanbly SM, Niederberger CS. The pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male infertility. Curr Urol Rep 2001; 2:432-436.
17
18. Paduch DA, Skoog SJ. Current management of adolescent varicocele. Rev Urol 2001; 3:120-133.
18
19. Romeo C, Santoro G. Free radicals in adolescent varicocele testis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014; 2014.
19
20. Semercioz A, Onur R, Ogras S, Orhan I. Effects of melatonin on testicular tissue nitric oxide level and antioxidant enzyme activities in experimentally induced left varicocele. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003; 24:86-90.
20
21. Frémont L. Biological effects of resveratrol. Life Sci 2000; 66:663-673.
21
22. Fann DY-W, Lee S, Manzanero S, Tang S-C, Gelderblom M, Chunduri P, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin suppresses NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal death in ischemic stroke. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e790.
22
23. Zhang X, Ibrahim E, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Lotocki G, Aballa TC, Dietrich WD, et al. Involvement of the inflammasome in abnormal semen quality of men with spinal cord injury. Ferti Steril 2013; 99:118-124. e112.
23
24. Sulaiman M, Matta MJ, Sunderesan N, Gupta MP, Periasamy M, Gupta M. Resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, upregulates sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase and improves cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart CircPhysiol2010; 298:H833-H843.
24
25. Sahin Z, Celik-Ozenci C, Akkoyunlu G, Korgun ET, Acar N, Erdogru T, et al. Increased expression of interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β is associated with experimental varicocele. Ferti Steril 2006; 85:1265-1275.
25
26. Nallella KP, Allamaneni SS, Pasqualotto FF, Sharma RK, Thomas AJ, Agarwal A. Relationship of interleukin-6 with semen characteristics and oxidative stress in patients with varicocele. Urology 2004; 64:1010-1013.
26
27. Kilinc F, Kayaselcuk F, Aygun C, Guvel S, Egilmez T, Ozkardes H. Experimental varicocele induces hypoxia inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis in the rat testis. J Urol 2004; 172:1188-1191.
27
28. Lee J-D, Jeng S-Y, Lee T-H. Increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the internal spermatic vein of patients with varicocele. J Urol 2006; 175:1045-1048.
28
29. Shao B-Z, Xu Z-Q, Han B-Z, Su D-F, Liu C. NLRP3 inflammasome and its inhibitors: a review. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:262-270.
29
30. Liu C, Shi Z, Fan L, Zhang C, Wang K, Wang B. Resveratrol improves neuron protection and functional recovery in rat model of spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2011; 1374:100-109.
30
31. Ourique GM, Finamor IA, Saccol EM, Riffel AP, Pês TS, Gutierrez K, et al. Resveratrol improves sperm motility, prevents lipid peroxidation and enhances antioxidant defences in the testes of hyperthyroid rats. Rep Toxicol 2013; 37:31-39.
31
32. Chen C-J, Yu W, Fu Y-C, Wang X, Li J-L, Wang W. Resveratrol protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis through the SIRT1–FoxO1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 378:389-393.
32
33. Nicolini G, Rigolio R, Miloso M, Bertelli AA, Tredici G. Anti-apoptotic effect of trans-resveratrol on paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Neurosci Lett 2001; 302:41-44.
33