ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pathogenesis of Epilepsy: Challenges in Animal Models
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic disorders affecting individuals of all ages. A greater understanding of pathogenesis in epilepsy will likely provide the basis fundamental for development of new antiepileptic therapies that aim to prevent the epileptogenesis process or modify the progression of epilepsy in addition to treatment of epilepsy symptomatically. Therefore, several investigations have embarked on advancing knowledge of the mechanism underlying epileptogenesis, understanding in mechanism of pharmacoresistance and discovering antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying therapy. Animal models play a crucial and significant role in providing additional insight into mechanism of epileptogenesis. With the help of these models, epileptogenesis process has been demonstrated to be involved in various molecular and biological pathways or processes. Hence, this article will discuss the known and postulated mechanisms of epileptogenesis and challenges in using the animal models.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1928_335b757b1a4b890fb8959a2398c06f7d.pdf
2013-11-01
1119
1132
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1928
Animal models
Epileptogenesis
Pathogenesis of epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Yow Hui
Yin
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Nurulumi
Ahmad
nurulumi18@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Mohd
Makmor-Bakry
mohdcp@medic.ukm.my
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of a Series of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Based Compounds as Anticancer Agents
Objective(s):
Nowadays, cancer is an important public health problem in all countries. Limitations of current chemotherapy for neoplastic diseases such as severe adverse reactions and tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic drugs have been led to a temptation for focusing on the discovery and development of new compounds with potential anticancer activity.
Materials and Methods:
A new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-derived compounds (3a-3l) were synthesized. N-(5-Mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) acetamide (2) was prepared through direct amidation of 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (2) with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol using EDC (N-Ethyl-N-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide) and HOBt (Hydroxybenzotriazole). Then, various derivatives of benzyl chloride containing electron withdrawing and electron donating moieties were reacted with compound 2 to prepare compounds 3a-3l. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment using MTT method was applied and results are presented as IC50.
Results:
All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Some of the synthesized compounds were also characterized using MS spectroscopy. Related melting points were also recorded. According to the obtained data from MTT assay, all compounds (3a-3l) demonstrated a higher cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line in comparison with other cell lines.
Conclusion:
It is notable that four synthesized compounds 3h (IC50= 11 ± 0.18 μM), 3j (IC50= 10 ± 0.39 μM), 3k (IC50= 11 ± 0.77 μM) and 3l (IC50= 8 ± 0.69 μM) exhibited higher cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cell line compared to imatinib (IC50= 20 ± 0.69 μM) as the reference drug.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1929_8ec02e7cbc3a67af7bcb6556fdae8e10.pdf
2013-11-01
1133
1138
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1929
Anticancer
Cytotoxicity
Synthesis
1
3
4-Thiadiazole
Alireza
Aliabadi
aliabadi.alireza@gmail.com
1
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elham
Eghbalian
2
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Kiani
3
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medical Services, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Bhuva HA, Kini SJ. Synthesis, anticancer activity and docking of some substituted benzothiazoles as
1
Cytotoxicity of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Based Compounds Aliabadi et al
2
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 16, No. 11, Nov 2013
3
tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 29:32-37.
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Rafael Sierra J, Cepero V, Giordano S. Molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase targeted therapy. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:75-87.
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Dalip Kumar, Reddy Vaddula B, Kuei-Hua Chang KH, Shah K. One-pot synthesis and anticancer studies of 2-arylamino-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2320-2323.
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Aliabadi A, Shamsa F, Ostad SN, Emami S, Shafiee A, Davoodi J, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-Phenylthiazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 11:5384-5389.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Partial Purification and Characterization of Anticoagulant Factor from the Snake (Echis carinatus) Venom
Objective(s): Snake venoms contain complex mixture of proteins with biological activities. Some of these proteins affect blood coagulation and platelet function in different ways. Snake venom toxin may serve as a starting material for drug design to combat several pathophysiological problems such as cardiovascular disorders. In the present study, purification of anticoagulation factor from venom of snake (Echis carinatus) was studied. Anticoagulation activity of crude venom, fractions and purified peptide were determined by using prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT). Three fractions were partially purified from the venom of E. Carinatus by gel filtration on sephadex G-75 and final purification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with C18 column. A purified anticoagulant factor was derived which showed a single protein band in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis under reducing condition. Results of PT and TT tests for purified peptide (EC217) were found to be 102±4.242 and < 5 min. respectively. Determination of molecular weight revealed that the active purified peptide (EC217) was about 30 KD. In conclusion, the present study showed that the venom of E. carinatus contains at least one anticoagulant factor.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1930_88b5e4f1624fb267ec8d2f37dcac7736.pdf
2013-11-01
1139
1144
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1930
Anticoagulant factor
Chromatography
Echis Carinatus
Snake venom
Elham
Amrollahi Byoki
1
Payam Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Zare Mirakabadi
zareabbas83@gmail.com
2
Department of Venomous Animals and Antivenom Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
. Julian W. Snake venoms and coagulopathy. Toxicon 2005; 45:951–967.
1
2. Kini RM
2
. Serine proteases affecting blood coagulation and fibrinolysis from snake venoms. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2005; 34:200– 204.
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3. Pirkle H, Markland Jr. FS. Hemostasis and Animal Venoms. Marcel Decker, New York:1987.p.655-94.
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4. Hutton RA, Warrell DA. Action of snake venom components on the haemostatic system. Blood Rev 1993; 7:176–189.
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5. Lu Q, Clemetson JM, Clemetson KJ. Snake venoms and hemostasis. J Thromb Haemostasis 2005; 3:1791–1799.
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6. Markland FS. Snake venoms and the hemostatic system. Toxicon 1998; 36:1749–1800.
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8. Phillips DR, Scarborough RM. Clinical pharmacology of eptifibatide. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80
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9. Kornalik F. The influence of snake venom proteins on blood coagulation. In: Harvey AL, editor. Snake Toxins. New York: Pergamon Press; 1991.p. 323–383.
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Echis carinatus) at 2.6 A resolution reveals a novel intermolecular interaction. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:66-72.
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12. Navdaev A, Clemetson KJ. GPIb cross-linking/ligation on echicetin-coated surfaces or echicetin/IgMκ in stirred suspension activates platelets by cytoskeleton modulated calcium release. J Biol Chem 2002
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Anticoagulant from Echis carinatus Amrollahi Byoki and Zare Mirakabadi
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Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 16, No. 11, Nov 2013
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Chracterization of antigenic, catalytic and pharmacological properties. Toxicon 1994; 32:1187-1196.
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et al. Purification and characterization of patagonfibrase, a metalloproteinase showing α-fibrinogenolytic and hemorrhagic activities, from Philodryas patagoniensis snake venom. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1770:810-819.
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Blood Coagulation Induced by Iranian Saw-Scaled Viper (Echis Carinatus) Venom: Identification, Purification and Characterization of a Prothrombin Activator
Objective(s): Echis carinatus is one of the venomous snakes in Iran. The venom of Iranian Echis carinatus is a rich source of protein with various factors affecting the plasma protein and blood coagulation factor. Some of these proteins exhibit types of enzymatic activities. However, other items are proteins with no enzymatic activity. Materials and Methods: In order to study the mechanism and effect of the venom on human plasma proteins, the present study has evaluated the effect of crude venom and all fractions. A procoagulant factor (prothrombin activator) was isolated from the venom of the Iranian snake Echis carinatus with a combination of gel filtration (Sephadex G-75), ion-exchange chromatography (DEAE- Sepharose) and reverse phase HPLC. Furthermore, proteolytic activity of the crude venom and all fractions on blood coagulation factors such as prothrombin time (PT) was studied. Results: In the present study, the PT test was reduced from 13.4 s to 8.6 s when human plasma was treated with crude venom (concentraion of venom was 1 mg/ml). The purified procoagulant factor revealed a single protein band in SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis under reducing conditions and its molecular weight was estimated at about 65 kDa. A single-band protein showed fragment patterns similar to those generated by the group A prothrombin activators, which convert prothrombin into meizothrombin independent of the prothrombinase complex. Conclusion: This study showed that the fraction which separated from Iranian snake Echis carinatus venom can be a prothrombin activators. It can be concluded that this fraction is a procoagulant factor.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1931_f584fdcb8044aa5caa23fd60d8af0348.pdf
2013-11-01
1145
1150
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1931
Blood coagulation
Chromatography
Iranian Echis carinatus
Prothrombin time
Protrombin activator
Mahdi
Babaie
1
Young Researches and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Salmanizadeh
2
Young Researches and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Zolfagharian
hosseinzolfagharrian@yahoo.com
3
Department of Venomous Animals and Antivenom Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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2. Matsui T, Fujimura Y, Titani K. Snake venom proteases affecting hemostasis and thrombosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1477:146-156.
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3. Roberto G, Alessio C, Nnadozie S, Hope O, Emiliano F, Helena C,
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et al. In vitro effects of Echis carinatus venom on the human plasma proteome. Proteomics 2010; 10:3712-3722.
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Echis carinatus) bites in the Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka: distribution, epidemiology and clinical manifestations. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2011; 105:591–597l.
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5. Fonseka CL, Jeevagan V, Gnanathasan CA. Life threatening intracerebral haemorrhage following saw-scaled viper (
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Echis carinatus) envenoming-authenticated case report from Sri Lanka. BMC Emerg Med 2013; 13:13-15.
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Blood Coagulation Induced by Echis carinatus Venom
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46
29. Takeya H, Nishida S, Miyata T, Kawada S, Saisaka Y, Morita T,
47
et al. Coagulation factor X activating enzyme from Russell's viper venom (RVV-X). A novel metalloproteinase with disintegrin (platelet aggregation inhibitor)-like and C-type lectin-like domains. Biol Chem 1992; 267:14109-14117.
48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Expression and Clinical Significance of Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Human Breast Cancer
Objective(s):
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. This study investigated the expression and clinical significance of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in human breast cancer and its relationship with the clinical outcome of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
: ATF3 expressions were detected in 114 primary breast cancer tissues and 114 adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Categorical variables were statistically compared by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Survival curves were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons of survival rates were tested using a Log-rank test.
Results
: IHC analysis showed that the positive expression of ATF3 protein was detected in breast cancer tissue with a positive ratio of 76.3%, and the positive ATF3 expression in adjacent normal breast tissue was 13.2%, which is lower than that in breast cancer tissue samples (P<0.01). Furthermore, ATF3 expression showed significant correlation with TNM stage, invasion, lymph node metastasis and number of metastatic lymph nodes (P=0.038, P=0.029, P=0.026, and P=0.039 respectively), and did not correlate with patients’ age and tumor size (P>0.05). A significant difference in overall survival rate was found between the patients with positive expression of ATF3 protein and those with negative expression (P=0.041).
Conclusion
: Increased ATF3 expression participate in the tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, and ATF3 may be useful as a new prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1932_3d82c7ef9d5d35c9c4b83e0fac9ae4ef.pdf
2013-11-01
1151
1154
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1932
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)
Breast cancer
Clinical significance
Immunohistochemistry
Prognostic indicator
Hua
Cao
cao_hua@126.com
1
Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
AUTHOR
Guo-Qin
Jiang
2
Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Chávarri-Guerra Y, Villarreal-Garza C, Liedke PE, Knaul F, Mohar A, Finkelstein DM,
1
et al. Breast cancer in Mexico: a growing challenge to health and the health system. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13:e335-e343.
2
2. Moody LC, Wen X, McKnight T, Chao C. Indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer. Surgery 2012; 152:389-796.
3
3. Yan L, Della Coletta L, Powell KL, Shen J, Thames H, Aldaz CM,
4
et al. Activation of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in ATF3-induced mammary tumors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16515.
5
4. Yin X, Wolford CC, Chang YS, McConoughey SJ, Ramsey SA, Aderem A,
6
et al. ATF3, an adaptive-response gene, enhances TGF{beta} signaling and cancer-initiating cell features in breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:3558-7565.
7
5. Patacsil D, Tran AT, Cho YS, Suy S, Saenz F, Malyukova I,
8
et al. Gamma-tocotrienol induced apoptosis is associated with unfolded protein response in human breast cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:93-100.
9
6. Ameri K, Hammond EM, Culmsee C, Raida M, Katschinski DM, Wenger RH,
10
et al. Induction of activating transcription factor 3 by anoxia is independent of p53 and the hypoxic HIF signalling pathway. Oncogene 2007; 26:284-229.
11
7. Wang A, Arantes S, Yan L, Kiguchi K, McArthur MJ,
12
et al. The transcription factor ATF3 acts as an oncogene in mouse mammary tumorigenesis. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:268.
13
8. Hackl C, Lang SA, Moser C, Mori A, Fichtner-Feigl S, Hellerbrand C,
14
et al. Activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) functions as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer and is up-regulated upon heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibition. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:668.
15
9. Pan YX, Chen H, Thiaville MM, Kilberg MS. Activation of the ATF3 gene through a co-ordinated amino acid-sensing response programme that controls transcriptional regulation of responsive genes following amino acid limitation. Biochem J 2007; 401:299-307.
16
10. Chromik AM, Hahn SA, Daigeler A, Flier A, Bulut D, May C,
17
et al. Gene expression analysis of cell death induction by taurolidine in different malignant cell lines. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:595.
18
11. Kawai M, Jin M, Nishimura J, Dewa Y, Saegusa Y, Matsumoto S,
19
et al. Hepatocarcinogenic susceptibility of fenofibrate and its possible mechanism of carcinogenicity in a two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model of rasH2 mice. Toxicol Pathol 2002; 36:950-557.
20
12. Kawai M, Saegusa Y, Jin M, Dewa Y, Nishimura J, Harada T,
21
et al. Mechanistic study on hepatocarcinogenesis of piperonyl butoxide in mice. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:761-379.
22
13. Wu X, Nguyen BC, Dziunycz P, Chang S, Brooks Y, Lefort K
23
, et al. Opposing roles for calcineurin and ATF3 in squamous skin cancer. Nature 2010; 465:368-772.
24
14. Yin X, Dewille JW, Hai T. A potential dichotomous role of ATF3, an adaptive-response gene, in cancer development. Oncogene 2008; 27:2118-2127.
25
15. Thompson MR, Xu D, Williams BR. ATF3 transcription factor and its emerging roles in immunity and cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 87:1053-1060.
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16. Taherian A, Mazoochi T. Different expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and phospho-Erk proteins in MBA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Cells after chemotherapy with doxorubicin or docetaxel. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2012; 15: 669-777
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Chalcone-Like Agents
Objective(s):
Chalcones and their rigid analogues represent an important class of small molecules having anticancer activities. Therefore, in this study the synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 3-benzylidenchroman-4-ones were described as rigid chalcone analogues.
Materials and Methods:
The reaction of resorcinol with 3-chloropropionic acid in the presence of CF3SO3H was afforded corresponding propiophenone. It was cyclized using 2M NaOH to give 7-hydroxy-4-chromanone. O-Alkylation of 7-hydroxy-4-chromanone with alkyl iodide in the presence of K2CO3 gave 7-alkoxychroman-4-one. Finally, condensation of chroman-4-one derivatives with different aldehydes afforded target compounds in good yields. The newly synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against different human cancer cell lines including K562 (human erythroleukemia), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer), and SK-N-MC (human neuroblastoma) cells. The cell viability was evaluated using MTT colorimetric assay.
Results:
Most of the compounds showed good inhibitory activity against cancer cells. Among them, compound 4a containing 7-hydroxy group on chromanone ring and 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy substitution pattern on benzylidene moiety was the most potent compound with IC50 values ≤ 3.86 μg/ml. It was 6-17 times more potent than etoposide against tested cell lines.
Conclusion:
We described synthesis and cytotoxic activity of poly-functionalized 3-benzylidenechroman-4-ones as new chalcone-like agents. These compounds can be considered as conformationally constrained congeners of chalcones to tolerate the poly-functionalization on the core structures for further optimization.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1933_19969ded96e4c3feb2fcb849ef68c59f.pdf
2013-11-01
1155
1162
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1933
Chalcones
Cytotoxic activity
4-Chromanone
Synthesis
Bahram
letafat
1
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Raheleh
Shakeri
shkeri@ibb.ut.ac.ir
2
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Emami
sd_emami@yahoo.com
3
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeedeh
Noushini
saeedeh.noushini@gmail.com
4
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Negar
Mohammadhosseini
n_mohammadhosseini@yahoo.com
5
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nayyereh
Shirkavand
nayyereh.shirkavand@yahoo.com
6
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sussan
Kabudanian Ardestani
7
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maliheh
Safavi
safavi@ibb.ut.ac.ir
8
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Marjaneh
Samadizadeh
samadizadeh@yahoo.com
9
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Aida
Letafat
i_letafat@yahoo.com
10
Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Shafiee
11
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Foroumadi
aforoumadi@yahoo.com
12
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Harrison M, Holen K, Liu G. Beyond taxanes: a review of novel agents that target mitotic tubulin and microtubules, kinases, and kinesins. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2009; 7:54–64.
1
2. Eckhardt S: Recent progress in the development of anticancer agents. Curr Med Chem-Anti-Cancer Agents 2002; 2:419–439.
2
3. Sierra JR, Cepero V, Giordano S. Molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase targeted therapy. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:75–88.
3
4. Hinnen P, Eskens FA. Vascular disrupting agents in clinical development. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1159–1165.
4
5. Dimmock JR, Elias DW, Beazely MA, Kandepu NM. Bioactivities of chalcones. Curr Med Chem 1999; 6:1125–1149.
5
6. Shi H-B, Zhang S-J, Ge Q-F, Guo D-W, Cai C-M, Hu W-X. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of thiazolyl–chalcones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6555–6559.
6
7. Firoozpour L, Edraki N, Nakhjiri M, Emami S, Safavi M, Ardestani SK,
7
et al. Cytotoxic activity evaluation and QSAR study of chromene-based chalcones. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:2117-2125.
8
, Wu X, Liu X. Chalcones: An update on cytotoxic and chemoprotective properties. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12:483–499.
9
9. Aryapour H, Riazi GH, Foroumadi A, Ahmadian S, Shafiee A, Karima O,
10
et al. Biological evaluation of synthetic analogues of curcumin: chloro-substituted-2'-hydroxychalcones as potential inhibitors of tubulin polimerization and cell proliferation. Med Chem Res 2011; 20:503–510.
11
10. Shan Y
12
, Zhang J, Z Liu, M Wang, Dong Y. Developments of combretastatin A-4 derivatives as anticancer agents. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:523–538.
13
11. Dimmock JR
14
, Kandepu NM, Zanarali AJ, Kowalchuk TP, Motagabahalli N, Quail JW, et al. Conformational and quantitative structure-activity relationship study of cytotoxic 2-arylidenebenzocycloalkanones. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1358–1366. Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Chalcone-like agents Letafat et al
15
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 16, No. 11, Nov 2013
16
12. Dimmock JR
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, Zello GA, Oloo EO, Quail JW, Kraatz H-B, Perjési P, et al. Correlations between cytotoxicity and topography of some 2-arylidenebenzocycloalkanones determined by X-ray crystallography. J Med Chem 2002; 45:3103–3111.
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13. Perjési P
19
, Das U, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Kawase M, Sakagami H, et al. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of some 3-benzylidene-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-ones which display selective toxicity for malignant cells. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:839–845.
20
14. Rafinejad A, Fallah-Tafti A, Tiwari R, Nasrolahi Shirazi A, Mandal D, Shafiee A,
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et al. 4-Aryl-4H-naphthopyrans derivatives: One-pot synthesis, evaluation of Src kinase inhibitory and anti-proliferative activities. Daru J Pharm Sci 2012; 20:100.
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15. Bazl R, Ganjali M, Saboury A, Foroumadi A, Nourozi P, Amanlou M. A new strategy based on pharmacophore-based virtual screening in adenosine deaminase inhibitors detection and
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in vitro study. Daru J Pharm Sci 2012; 20:64.
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16. Vosooghi M, Divsalar K, Shamsa H, Kheirollahi A, Safavi M, Ardestani SK,
25
et al. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity evaluation of 16-(substituted benzylidene) derivatives of dehydroepiandrosterone. Daru J Pharm Sci 2013; 21:34.
26
17. Foroumadi A, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Emami S, Dehghan GH, Sorkhi M, Arabsorkhi F,
27
et al. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of substituted 3-benzylidene-7-alkoxychroman-4-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6764–6769.
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18. a) Nakhjiri M, Safavi M, Alipour E, Emami S, Atash AF, Jafari-Zavareh M,
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et al. Asymmetrical 2,6-bis(benzylidene)cyclohexanones: Synthesis, cytotoxic activity and QSAR study. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 50:113–123. b) Safavi M, Esmati N, Ardestani SK, Emami S, Ajdari S, Davoodi J, et al. Halogenated flavanones as potential apoptosis-inducing agents: synthesis and biological activity evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:573-580.
30
19. Noushini S, Emami S, Safavi M, Kabudanian Ardestani S, Gohari AR, Shafiee A,
31
et al. Synthesis and cytotoxic properties of novel (E)-3-benzylidene-7-methoxychroman-4-one derivatives. Daru J Pharm Sci 2013; 21:31.
32
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33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells in Transwell Culture
Objective(s):
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently emerged as a promising strategy in regenerative medicine due to its multiple endogenous growth factors. Little is known about the role of PRP as a promoter in chondrogenesis of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs). The aim of this study was to determine whether PRP may be considered as a natural and easy achievable source of growth factors to promote the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in Transwell culture.
Materials and Methods
: Biochemical, immunohistological and molecular assays were used to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of PRP on chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in Transwell culture.
Results
: The cells in the presence of 10% PRP produced markedly higher amounts of GAG and DNA, in comparison to the control group. PRP also increased chondrogenic markers in these cells, such as sox-9, aggrecan and collagen type II. A high expression level of collagen type X as a hypertrophic marker was observed in cartilage produced by using either PRP or TGF-β1.
Conclusion
: Our findings indicate that autologous PRP at an optimum concentration had beneficial effects on differentiation of hADSCs in Transwell culture. Further, in vivo studies are necessary to fully define the clinical implications of PRP.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1934_3bb750997da36ff7d0b50ecf04f0e687.pdf
2013-11-01
1163
1169
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1934
Adipose-derived stem cells
Platelet-rich plasma
Transwell culture
Mohammad
Mardani
mardani@med.mui.ac.ir
1
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Azadeh
Kabiri
azadeh_kabiri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Paramedical school, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Langeroud, Iran
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Esfandiari
3
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolghasem
Esmaeili
abesmaeili@yahoo.com
4
Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbasali
Pourazar
aesmaeili79@gmail.com
5
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran
AUTHOR
Malekmassoud
Ansar
esfandiari-2@med.mui.ac.ir
6
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Batool
Hashemibeni
7
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Vinatier C, Mrugala D, Jorgensen C, Guicheux J, Noël D. Cartilage engineering: a crucial combination of cells, biomaterials and biofactors. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:307-314.
1
2. Baghban Eslaminezhad M, Taghiyar L. Mesenchymal stem cell purification from the articular cartilage cell culture. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2007.
2
3. Vinatier C, Mrugala D, Jorgensen C, Guicheux J, Noel D. Cartilage engineering: a crucial combination of cells, biomaterials and biofactors. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:307-314.
3
4. Choi YS, Noh SE, Lim SM, Lee CW, Kim CS, Im MW,
4
et al. Multipotency and growth characteristic of periosteum-derived progenitor cells for chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 30:593-601.
5
5. Mahmoudifar N, Doran PM. Chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in polyglycolic acid mesh scaffolds under dynamic culture conditions. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3858-3867.
6
6. Golipour Z, Ragerdi Kashani I, Akbari Mohammad HGR, Malrk F, Mahmoudi R. Differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into schwann cell phenotype in comparison with bone marrow stem cells. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2010.
7
7. Guilak F, Lott KE, Awad HA, Cao Q, Hicok KC, Fermor B,
8
et al. Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose‐derived adult stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2005; 206:229-237.
9
8. Awad HA, Halvorsen YD, Gimble JM, Guilak F. Effects of transforming growth factor beta1 and dexamethasone on the growth and chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells. Tissue Eng 2003; 9:1301-1312.
10
9. Hashemibeni B, Razavi S, Esfandiari E, Karbasi S, Mardani M, Nasar EM. Induction of chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells with TGF-β in pellet culture system. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2008.
11
10. Sheyn D, Pelled G, Zilberman Y, Talasazan F, Frank JM, Gazit D,
12
et al. Nonvirally engineered porcine adipose tissue‐derived stem cells: Use in Posterior Spinal Fusion. Stem Cells 2008; 26:1056-1064.
13
11. Cheng NC, Estes BT, Awad HA, Guilak F. Chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived adult stem cells by a porous scaffold derived from native articular cartilage extracellular matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:231-241.
14
12. Fortier LA, Barker JU, Strauss EJ, McCarrel TM, Cole BJ. The role of growth factors in cartilage repair. Clin Orthopaed Related Res 2011; 469:2706-7215.
15
13. Sun Y, Feng Y, Zhang C, Chen S, Cheng X. The regenerative effect of platelet-rich plasma on healing in large osteochondral defects. Int Orthopaed 2010; 34:589-597.
16
14. Arpornmaeklong P, Kochel M, Depprich R, Kubler NR, Wurzler KK. Influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. An
17
in vitro study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:60-70.
18
15. Arora NS, Ramanayake T, Ren YF, Romanos GE. Platelet-rich plasma: a literature review. Implant Dent 2009; 18:303-310.
19
16. Anitua E, Sanchez M, Orive G, Andia I. The potential impact of the preparation rich in growth
20
Mardani et al Eeffect of PRP on Chondrogensis
21
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 16, No. 11, Nov 2013
22
factors (PRGF) in different medical fields. Biomaterials 2007; 28:4551-4560.
23
17. Chen WH, Lo WC, Lee JJ, Su CH, Lin CT, Liu HY,
24
et al. Tissue‐engineered intervertebral disc and chondrogenesis using human nucleus pulposus regulated through TGF‐β in platelet‐rich plasma. J Cell Physiol 2006; 209:744-754.
25
18. Akeda K, An HS, Okuma M, Attawia M, Miyamoto K, Thonar EJ,
26
et al. Platelet-rich plasma stimulates porcine articular chondrocyte proliferation and matrix biosynthesis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:1272-1280.
27
19. Wu W, Chen F, Liu Y, Ma Q, Mao T. Autologous injectable tissue-engineered cartilage by using platelet-rich plasma: experimental study in a rabbit model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65:1951-1957.
28
20. Awad HA, Wickham MQ, Leddy HA, Gimble JM, Guilak F. Chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived adult stem cells in agarose, alginate, and gelatin scaffolds. Biomaterials 2004; 25:3211-3222.
29
21. Murdoch AD, Grady LM, Ablett MP, Katopodi T, Meadows RS, Hardingham TE. Chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells in transwell cultures: generation of scaffold-free cartilage. Stem Cells 2007; 25:2786-2796.
30
22. Eslaminejad MB, Bordbar S. Isolation and characterization of the progenitor cells from the blastema tissue formed at experimentally-created rabbit ear hole. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2013; 16:109-115.
31
23. Kabiri A, Esfandiari E, Hashemibeni B, Kazemi M, Mardani M, Esmaeili A. Effects of FGF-2 on human adipose tissue derived adult stem cells morphology and chondrogenesis enhancement in Transwell culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:234-238.
32
24. Zaker SR, Esmaeili A, Bouzari M, Shirani E. Quantitative analysis of GABAA Gamma receptor subunits in the developing embryonic chick forebrain. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2012; 15:1097.
33
25. Freyria AM, Mallein-Gerin F. Chondrocytes or adult stem cells for cartilage repair: The indisputable role of growth factors. Injury 2012; 43:259-265.
34
26. Tim Yoon S, Su Kim K, Li J, Soo Park J, Akamaru T, Elmer WA,
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et al. The effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on rat intervertebral disc cells in vitro. Spine 2003; 28:1773.
36
27. Barrientos S, Stojadinovic O, Golinko MS, Brem H, Tomic
37
‐Canic M. Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2008; 16:585-601.
38
28. Han J, Meng HX, Tang JM, Li SL, Tang Y, Chen ZB. The effect of different platelet-rich plasma concentrations on proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells
39
in vitro. Cell Prolif 2007; 40:241-52.
40
29. Mishra A, Tummala P, King A, Lee B, Kraus M, Tse V,
41
et al. Buffered platelet-rich plasma enhances mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. Tissue Engineering Part C Methods 2009; 15:431-435.
42
30. Kakudo N, Minakata T, Mitsui T, Kushida S, Notodihardjo FZ, Kusumoto K. Proliferation-promoting effect of platelet-rich plasma on human adipose-derived stem cells and human dermal fibroblasts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 122:1352-1360.
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31. Lee CH, Cook JL, Mendelson A, Moioli EK, Yao H, Mao JJ. Regeneration of the articular surface of the rabbit synovial joint by cell homing: a proof of concept study. Lancet 2010; 376:440-448.
44
32. Schmidt M, Chen E, Lynch S. A review of the effects of insulin-like growth factor and platelet derived growth factor on< i>
45
in vivo</i> cartilage healing and repair. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:403-412.
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33. Doucet C, Ernou I, Zhang Y, Llense JR, Begot L, Holy X,
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et al. Platelet lysates promote mesenchymal stem cell expansion: A safety substitute for animal serum in cell‐based therapy applications. J Cell Physiol 2005; 205:228-236.
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34. Drengk A, Zapf A, Sturmer EK, Sturmer KM, Frosch KH. Influence of platelet-rich plasma on Chondrogenic Differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2009; 189:317-326.
49
35. Pelttari K, Winter A, Steck E, Goetzke K, Hennig T, Ochs BG,
50
et al. Premature induction of hypertrophy during in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells correlates with calcification and vascular invasion after ectopic transplantation in SCID mice. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:3254-3266.
51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-Aging Effects of Some Selected Iranian Folk Medicinal Herbs-Biochemical Evidences
Objective(s):
In the current study, the effects of selected folk medicinal herbs were evaluated in D-galactose-induced aging in male mice.
Materials and Methods:
Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 12 groups composing sham, control, and treated groups. Aging was induced by administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks). A positive control group was assigned that received vitamin E (200 mg/kg/day). The extract of herbs was prepared, lyophilized, and used in this study. The herbs were administered by gavage for 4 weeks to D-galactose-aged animals at the selected doses (mg/kg/day) as follows: Zingiber officinale (250), Glycyrrhiza glabra (150), Rosmarinus officinalis (300), Peganum harmala (50), Aloe vera (150), Satureja hortensis (200), Teucrium scordium (200), Hypericum perforatum (135) and Silybum marianum (150). One group of animals was assigned as sham and not given D-galactose.
Results:
At the end of treatment, pro-inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukine-1β (IL-β), interlukine-6 (IL-6), NF-kappaB (NF-κb), total antioxidant power (TAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as lipid
peroxidation (LPO) marker and male sex hormones i.e. testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured in the blood.
Conclusion:
These data for the first time indicate significant anti-aging potential of examined herbs. Results showed that D-galactose induces a significant oxidative stress and promotes proinflammatory cascade of aging while all herbs more or less recovered these changes. Among 9 herbal extracts, Silybum marianum showed the best effect in restoring aging changes.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1935_a1071382c71b0d9572d4b71ebbee0bea.pdf
2013-11-01
1170
1180
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1935
Aging
D-galactose
Herbal
Mouse
Oxidative stress
Azadeh
Mohammadirad
1
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Aghamohammadali-Sarraf
2
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Simin
Badiei
3
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zakie
Faraji
4
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Hajiaghaee
5
Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutics Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Baeeri
6
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Gholami
7
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Abdollahi
mohammad.abdollahi@utoronto.ca
8
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Approach for Scatter Removal and Attenuation Compensation from SPECT/CT Images
Objective(s):
In SPECT, the sinogram contains scatter and lack of attenuated counts that degrade the reconstructed image quality and quantity. Many techniques for attenuation and scatter correction have been proposed. An acceptable method of correction is to incorporate effects into an iterative statistical reconstruction. Here, we propose new Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) formula to correct scattering and attenuating photons during reconstruction.
Materials and Methods:
In this work, scatters are estimated through Klein-Nishina formula in all iterations and CT images are used for accurate attenuation correction. Reconstructed images resulted from different MLEM reconstruction formula have been compared considering profile agreement, contrast, mean square error, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio and computational time.
Results:
The proposed formula has a good profile agreement, increased contrast, signal-to-noise (SNR) & contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), computational time and decreased mean square error (MSE) compared with uncorrected images and/or images from conventional formula.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, by applying the proposed formula we were able to correct attenuation and scatter via MLEM and improve the image quality, which is a necessary step for both qualitative and quantitative SPECT images.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1936_163bd50f33052275b849fecd75daaaf7.pdf
2013-11-01
1181
1189
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1936
Attenuation correction
MLEM
Scatter correction
SPECT
Shabnam
Oloomi
1
Department of Medical Physics, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hadi
Noori Eskandari
hadinoori344@yahoo.com
2
Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Rasoul
Zakavi
3
Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Peter
Knoll
peter.knoll@wienkav.at
4
Department of Nuclear Medicine Wilhelminenspital Vienna, Austria
AUTHOR
Faraz
Kalantari
fkalanta@central.uh.edu
5
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Hajizadeh Saffar
6
Department of Medical Physics, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Buvat I, Rodriguez-Villafuerte M, Todd-Pokropek A, Benali H, Di Paola R. Comparative assessment of nine scatter correction methods based on spectral analysis using Monte Carlo simulations. J Nucl Med 1995; 36:1476-4188.
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2. Zaidi H. Scatter modelling and correction strategies in fully 3-D PET. Nucl Med Commun 2001; 22:1181.
2
3. Bai C, Zeng GL, Gullberg GT. A slice-by-slice blurring model and kernel evaluation using the Klein-Nishina formula for 3D scatter compensation in parallel and converging beam SPECT. Phys Med Biol 2000; 45:1275.
3
4. Kadrmas DJ, Frey EC, Karimi SS, Tsui BMW. Fast implementations of reconstruction-based scatter compensation in fully 3D SPECT image reconstruction. Phys Med Biol 1999; 43:857.
4
5. Kulkarni S, Khurd P, Zhou L, Gindi G. Rapid optimization of SPECT scatter correction using model LROC observers. IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Conf Rec 2007; 5:3986-3993.
5
6. King MA, Glick SJ, Pretorius PH, Wells RG, Gifford HC, Narayanan M,
6
et al. Attenuation, scatter, and spatial resolution compensation in SPECT. In: Wernick MN, Aarsvold JN, editors. Emission Tomography: The Fundamentals of SPECT and PET. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004.p.74-89.
7
7. Jonsson C, Larsson SA. A spatially varying Compton scatter correction for SPECT utilizing the integral Klein-Nishina cross section. Phys Med Biol 2001; 46:1767.
8
8. Floyd C, Jaszczak R, Harris C, Coleman R. Energy and spatial distribution of multiple order Compton scatter in SPECT: a Monte Carlo investigation. Phys Med Biol 2000; 29:1217.
9
9. Wieczorek H. The image quality of FBP and MLEM reconstruction. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:3161.
10
10. Slomka PJ, Patton JA, Berman DS, Germano G. Advances in technical aspects of myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2009; 16:255-276.
11
11. Kalantari F, Rajabi H, Saghar M. Quantification and reduction of attenuation related artifacts in SPET by applying attenuation model during iterative image reconstruction: a Monte Carlo study. Hell J Nucl Med 2011; 14:278.
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12. Segars W, Mahesh M, Beck T, Frey E, Tsui B. Realistic CT simulation using the 4D XCAT phantom. Med Phys 2008; 35:3800.
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13. Wackers FJ, Berman DS, Maddahi J, Watson DD, Beller GA, Strauss HW,
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14. Knoll P, Kotalova D, Köchle G, Kuzelka I, Minear G, Mirzaei S,
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et al. Comparison of advanced iterative reconstruction methods for SPECT/CT. Z Med Phys 2012; 22:58-69.
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15. Utsunomiya D, Tomiguchi S, Shiraishi S, Yamada K, Honda T, Kawanaka K,
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et al. Initial experience with X-ray CT based attenuation correction in myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging using a combined SPECT/CT system. Ann Nucl Med 2005; 19:485-489.
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16. Kinahan PE, Hasegawa BH, Beyer T, editors. X-ray-based attenuation correction for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanners. Semin Nucl Med 2003; 33:166-179.
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17. Buck AK, Nekolla S, Ziegler S, Beer A, Krause BJ, Herrmann K,
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et al. Spect/Ct. J Nucl Med 2008; 49:1305-1319.
22
18. Seo Y, Wong KH, Sun M, Franc BL, Hawkins RA, Hasegawa BH. Correction of photon attenuation and collimator response for a body-contouring SPECT/CT imaging system. J Nucl Med 2005; 46:868-877.
23
19. Teimourian B, Ay M, Zafarghandi MS, Ghafarian P, Ghadiri H, Zaidi H. A novel energy mapping approach for CT-based attenuation correction in PET. Med Phys 2012; 39:2078.
24
20. Kheruka S, Naithani U, Maurya A, Painuly N, Aggarwal L, Gambhir S. A study to improve the image quality in low-dose computed tomography (SPECT) using filtration. Indian J Nucl Med 2011; 26:14.
25
21. Hajizadeh M, Oloomi S, P knoll, H Taleshi. A new approach to scatter correction in SPECT images based on Klein_Nishina equation . Iran J Nucl Med 2013; 21,1, 19-25.
26
22. Hutton BF, Buvat I, Beekman FJ. Review and current status of SPECT scatter correction. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:R85.
27
23. Konik AB. Evaluation of attenuation and scatter correction requirements in small animal PET and SPECT imaging: The University of Iowa; 2010.
28
Oloomi et al Scatter Removal and Attenuation Compensation in SPECT/CT
29
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 16, No. 11, Nov 2013
30
24. Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S, Staelens S, De Beenhouwer J, Lemahieu I. Fast 3D iterative image reconstruction for SPECT with rotating slat collimators. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:715.
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25. ؤrlig إ, Gustafsson A, Jacobsson L, Ljungberg M, Wikkelsِ C. Attenuation correction in quantitative SPECT of cerebral blood flow: a Monte Carlo study. Phys Med Biol 2000; 45:3847.
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26. Xiao J, de Wit TC, Staelens SG, Beekman FJ. Evaluation of 3D Monte Carlo–Based Scatter Correction for
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99mTc Cardiac Perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Med 2006; 47:1662-1669.
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28. Lazaro D, El Bitar Z, Breton V, Hill D, Buvat I. Fully 3D Monte Carlo reconstruction in SPECT: a feasibility study. Phys Med Biol 2005; 50:3739.
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29. Beekman FJ, de Jong HWAM, van Geloven S. Efficient fully 3-D iterative SPECT reconstruction with Monte Carlo-based scatter compensation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2002; 21:867-877.
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30. Zeintl J, Vija AH, Yahil A, Hornegger J, Kuwert T. Quantitative accuracy of clinical
38
99mTc SPECT/CT using ordered-subset expectation maximization with 3-dimensional resolution recovery, attenuation, and scatter correction. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:921-928
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Does Propylthiouracil Increase the Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity In Rat?
Objective(s):
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subacute administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) on gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.
Materials and Methods:
Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 experimental groups as follow: (1) Control group: isotonic saline (1 ml/kg, IP. for 18 d), (2) GM group: 100 mg/kg, IP for 8 d, (3) PTU group: PTU (10 mg/kg, IP for 18 d.) and (4) PTU + GM group: GM (100 mg/kg, IP. for 8d) and PTU (10 mg/kg, IP. for 18 d). Blood sample was taken from all animals and then the animals were sacrificed under light ether anesthesia on the day after the last injection. Sera were separated and were used to measure the urea and creatinine. Microscopic evaluation of renal injury was performed using a semiquantitative scale to evaluate the degree of tubular necrosis.
Results:
GM markedly increased serum urea and creatinine, as well as acute tubular necrosis (ATN), glomerular atrophy, hyaline casts formation in tubular lumen, interstitial nephritis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. PTU administration alone caused hyperemia and interstitial nephritis and infiltration of lymphocytic inflammatory cells in cortex but it had no marked effect on glomerular and tubular morphology and function. Co-administration of PTU and GM potentiates the GM-induced nephrotoxicity characterized by diffuse ATN; diffuse hyaline cast formation in lumen and infiltration of inflammatory cell in kidney tissues.
Conclusion:
Our data indicate that PTU potentiates GM-induced nephrotoxicity. The underlying mechanism(s) via which PTU potentiates GM renal toxicity remains to be elucidated.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1937_d212cff9493700e3da32d96921ddd56d.pdf
2013-11-01
1190
1195
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1937
Gentamicin
Nephrotoxicity
Propylthiouracil
Rat
Gholamreza
Sepehri
1
Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amin
Derakhshanfar
2
2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Saburi
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Balakumar P, Rohilla A, Thangathirupathi A. Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: Do we have a promising therapeutic approach to blunt it? Pharmacol Res 2010; 62:179-186.
1
2. Martinez-Salgado C, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM. Glomerular nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 223:86-98.
2
3. Stojiljkovic N, Mihailovic D, Veljkovic S, Stoiljkovic M, Jovanovic I. Glomerular basement membrane alterations induced by gentamicin administration in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2008; 60:69-75.
3
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Sepehri et al Propylthiouracil and Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
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Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 16, No. 11, Nov 2013
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57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Artificial Neural Networks Analysis Used to Evaluate the Molecular Interactions between Selected Drugs and Human Cyclooxygenase2 Receptor
Objective(s):
A fast and reliable evaluation of the binding energy from a single conformation of a molecular complex is an important practical task. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are strong tools for predicting nonlinear functions which are used in this paper to predict binding energy. We proposed a structure that obtains binding energy using physicochemical molecular descriptions of the selected drugs.
Material and Methods:
The set of 33 drugs with their binding energy to cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX2) in hand, from different structure groups, were considered. 27 physicochemical property descriptors were calculated by standard molecular modeling. Binding energy was calculated for each compound through docking and also ANN. A multi-layer perceptron neural network was used.
Results:
The proposed ANN model based on selected molecular descriptors showed a high degree of correlation between binding energy observed and calculated. The final model possessed a 27-4-1 architecture and correlation coefficients for learning, validating and testing sets equaled 0.973, 0.956 and 0.950, respectively.
Conclusion:
Results show that docking results and ANN data have a high correlation. It was shown that ANN is a strong tool for prediction of the binding energy and thus inhibition constants for different drugs in very short periods of time.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1938_61e6ddd78d63628c812fbb2ff821eec0.pdf
2013-11-01
1196
1202
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1938
Artificial Neural Networks
Binding Energy
Cyclooxygenase 2
COX2
Docking
Ali
Tayarani
ali_tayarani@yahoo.com
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdosi University of Mashad, Mashad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Baratian
baratian@hotmail.com
2
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Bagher Naghibi Sistani
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdosi University of Mashad, Mashad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Saberi
4
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zeinab
Tehranizadeh
5
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Lengauer T, Rarey M. Computational methods for biomolecular docking. Curr Opin Struct Biol 1996; 6:402-046.
1
2. Kitchen DB, Decornez H, Furr JR, Bajorath J. Docking and scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery: methods and applications. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004; 3:935-949.
2
3. Goldman BB, Wipke WT. QSD quadratic shape descriptors. 2. Molecular docking using quadratic shape descriptors (QSDock). Proteins 2000; 38:79-94.
3
4. Feig M, Onufriev A, Lee MS, Im W, Case DA, Brooks CL, 3rd. Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures. J Comput Chem 2004; 25:265-284.
4
5. Cai W, Shao X, Maigret B. Protein-ligand recognition using spherical harmonic molecular surfaces: towards a fast and efficient filter for large virtual throughput screening. J Mol Graph Model 2002; 20:313-328.
5
6. Morris RJ, Najmanovich RJ, Kahraman A, Thornton JM. Real spherical harmonic expansion coefficients as 3D shape descriptors for protein binding pocket and ligand comparisons. Bioinformatics 2005; 21:2347-2355.
6
7. Bucinski A, Wnuk M, Gorynski K, Giza A, Kochanczyk J, Nowaczyk A,
7
et al. Artificial neural networks analysis used to evaluate the molecular interactions between selected drugs and human alpha1-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:591-996.
8
8. Yamamura S. Clinical application of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling to predict pharmacokinetic parameters of severely ill patients. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55:1233-2251.
9
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10
10. Park J, Edington DW. A sequential neural network model for diabetes prediction. Artif Intell Med 2001;23:277-293.
11
11. Ergün U, Serhatlıo
12
ǧlu S, Hardalaç F, Güler İ. Classification of carotid artery stenosis of patients with diabetes by neural network and logistic regression. Compu Biol Med 2004; 34:389-405.
13
12. Jouyban A, Majidi MR, Jalilzadeh H, Asadpour-Zeynali K. Modeling drug solubility in water-cosolvent mixtures using an artificial neural network. Farmaco 2004; 59:505-912.
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ab initio optimization and neural networks. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 88 2:2 348-1357.
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23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptosis Induction of Crude Extract and Fractions of Avicennia Marina
Objective(s): Regarding the presence of many active biological constituents in Avicennia marina, the present investigation was carried out to study cytotoxic activity of crude methanol leave extract and column chromatographic fractions of A. marina against MDA-MB 231 cell line (human breast cancer cell) and HEK (Human embryonic kidney cell) line
.
Materials and Methods:
The anticancer activity of crude methanol extract and sub-fractions were evaluated, using MTT assay. The induction of apoptosis was determined by analyzing DNA fragmentation in breast cancer cells treated with active fraction of crude methanol extract using agarose gel electrophoresis. To investigate molecular mechanism of apoptosis, gene expression levels of p53 and Bcl-2 were measured using quantitative real time PCR.
Results:
Fraction 10 was the most active fraction and was detected with HPLC as luteolin. The 50% cell cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of crude methanol extract and luteolin was 250 and 28 μg/ml, respectively. This fraction was found to be an apoptotic agent against MDA-MB 231 cells, which leads to causing DNA fragmentation. The mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and p53 was significantly decreased and increased respectively in cancer cells treated by luteolin.
Conclusion:
The results suggested that Luteolin isolated from Avicennia marina could probably induce apoptosis on breast cancer cell line by the regulation of p53 and Bcl-2 pathways.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1939_4c52ded32e4ed932c250c3c0d809d675.pdf
2013-11-01
1203
1208
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1939
Apoptosis
Avicennia marina
Cytotoxic activity
DNA fragmentation
MDA-MB 231 cell line
Amir abbas
Momtazi-borojeni
1
1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mandana
Behbahani
2
1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hojjat
Sadeghi-aliabadi
sadeghi@pharm.mui.ac.ir
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Robert AS, Vilma C, Durado B, Debbie S, Otis WB.
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