ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Different Sugars, Amino Acids and Few Other Substances in Chemotaxis Directed Motility of Helicobacter Pylori
Objective(s)
Motility plays a major role in pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori, yet there is scarce data regarding its chemotactic behaviour. The present study was designed to investigate the chemotactic responses of local isolates of H. pylori towards various sugars, amino acids, as well as some other chemical substances.
Materials and Methods
Chemotaxis was assayed by a modified Adler’s method. We used solutions of sugars, amino acids as well as urea, sodium chloride, sodium and potassium bicarbonate, sodium deoxycholate and keratin at 10 mM concentrations.
Results
Despite some small differences, tested H. pylori isolates generally had a positive chemotaxis towards the tested sugars (P< 0.05). Among amino acids, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine and leucine showed a positive chemotaxis (P< 0.05) ; however, tyrosine showed negative chemotaxis (repellent) (P< 0.15). Urea, sodium chloride, sodium and potassium bicarbonate showed to be attractants (P< 0.05), but sodium deoxycholate was repellent (P< 0.05).
Conclusion
It seems that, sugars and many amino acids by their attraction for H.pylori, many amino acids, may enhance the activity of this bacterium and probably aggravate the symptoms of its infection. However, those like L-tyrosine, may possibly be employed as deterrents for H. pylori and thus can control its infections. However, we suggest that further investigations on chemotactic behaviour of many more strains of H. pylori should be carried out before a final conclusion.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4862_ff43878bd783aed6253c0a8e6709f794.pdf
2012-05-01
787
794
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4862
Amino acids
Bicarbonates
Chemotaxis
Helicobacter pylori
Urea
Hamid
Abdollahi
hamid_rbp@yahoo.com
1
Microbiology Department, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Omid
Tadjrobehkar
o.tadjrobehkar@kmu.ac.ir
2
Microbiology Department, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran and Basic Sciences Department, Medical School , Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol , Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Kuipers EJ. Helicobacter pylori and the risk and management of associated diseases: gastritis, ulcer disease, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11:71-88.
1
2. Andermann TM, Chen YT, Ottemann KM. Two predicted chemoreceptors of Helicobacter pylori promote stomach infection. Infect Immun 2002; 70:5877-5881.
2
3. Eaton KA, Morgan DR, Krakowka S. Motility as a factor in the colonisation of gnotobiotic piglets by Helicobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol 1992; 37:123-127.
3
4. Eaton KA, Suerbaum S, Josenhans C, Krakowka S. Colonization of gnotobiotic piglets by Helicobacter pylori deficient in two flagellin genes. Infect Immun 1996; 64:2445-2448.
4
5. Foynes S, Dorrell N, Ward SJ, Stabler RA, McColm AA, Rycroft AN, et al. Helicobacter pylori possesses two CheY response regulators and a histidine kinase sensor, CheA, which are essential for chemotaxis and colonization of the gastric mucosa. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2016-2023.
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6. Adler J. Chemotaxis in bacteria. Annu Rev Biochem 1975; 44:341-356.
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7. Eaton KA, Morgan DR, Krakowka S. Campylobacter pylori virulence factors in gnotobiotic piglets. Infect Immun 1989; 57:1119-1125.
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8. Falke JJ, Hazelbauer GL. Transmembrane signaling in bacterial chemoreceptors. Trends Biochem Sci 2001; 26:257-265.
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9. Nakamura H, Yoshiyama H, Takeuchi H, Mizote T, Okita K, Nakazawa T. Urease plays an important role in the chemotactic motility of Helicobacter pylori in a viscous environment. Infect Immun 1998; 66:4832-4837.
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10. Mizote T, Yoshiyama H, Nakazawa T. Urease-independent chemotactic responses of Helicobacter pylori to urea, urease inhibitors, and sodium bicarbonate. Infect Immun 1997; 65:1519-1521.
10
11. Terry K, Williams SM, Connolly L, Ottemann KM. Chemotaxis plays multiple roles during Helicobacter pylori animal infection. Infect Immun 2005; 73:803-811.
11
12. Nakazawa T. Growth cycle of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucous layer. Keio J Med 2002; 51:15-19.
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13. Hugdahl MB, Beery JT, Doyle MP. Chemotactic behavior of Campylobacter jejuni. Infect Immun1988; 56:1560-1566.
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15. Ottemann KM, Lowenthal AC. Helicobacter pylori uses motility for initial colonization and to attain robust infection. Infect Immun 2002; 70:1984-1990.
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16. Chalk PA, Roberts AD, Blows WM. Metabolism of pyruvate and glucose by intact cells of Helicobacter pylori studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Microbiology 1994; 140:2085-2092.
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17. Papini E, Satin B, Norais N, De Bernard M, Telford JL, Rappuoli R, et al. Selective increase of the permeability of polarized epithelial cell monolayers by Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:813–820.
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18. Nedenskov P. Nutritional requirements for growth of Helicobacter pylori. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:3450-3453.
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19. Reynolds DJ, Penn CW. Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori growth in a defined medium and determination of its amino acid requirements. Microbiology 1994; 140:2649-2656.
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20. Stark RM, Suleiman MS, Hassan IJ, Greenman J, Millar MR. Amino acid utilisation and deamination of glutamine and asparagine by Helicobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol 1997; 46:793-800.
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21. Dunn BE. Pathogenic mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993; 22:43-57.
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22. Megraud F, Neman-Simha V, Brugmann D. Further evidence of the toxic effect of ammonia produced by Helicobacter pylori urease on human epithelial cells. Infect Immun 1992; 60:1858-1863.
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23. Worku ML, Karim QN, Spencer J, Sidebotham RL. Chemotactic response of Helicobacter pylori to human plasma and bile. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:807-811.
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24. Graham DY, Osato MS. Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer: interaction between duodenal acid load, bile, and H. pylori. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:87-91.
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25. Worku ML, Sidebotham RL, Baron JH, Misiewicz JJ, Logan RPH, Keshavarz T, et al. Motility of Helicobacter pylori in a viscous environment. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 11:1143-1150.
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26. Yoshiyama H, Nakamura H, Kimoto M, Okita K, Nakazawa T. Chemotaxis and motility of Helicobacter pylori in a viscous environment. J Gastroenterol 1999; 34:18-23.
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27. van Amsterdam K, van der Ende A. Nutrients released by gastric epithelial cells enhance Helicobacter pylori growth. Helicobacter 2004; 9:614-621.
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28. Farag TH, Fahey JW, Khalfan SS, Tielsch JM. Diet as a factor in unexpectedly low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102:1164-1165.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Endocannabinoid System and TRPV1 Receptors in the Dorsal Hippocampus of the Rats Modulate Anxiety-like Behaviors
Objective(s)
Fatty acid is amide hydrolase which reduce endogenous anandamide. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels have been reported to have a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. In the present study, the effects of either endocannabinoid system or TRPV1 channels and their possible interaction on anxiety-like behaviors of the rats were explored.
Materials and Methods
Elevated plus-maze test of anxiety was used to induce anxiety. Capsaicin and AMG 9810 as TRPV1 agonist and antagonist respectively were injected into the dorsal hippocampus. URB 597 as selective FAAH inhibitor and AM 251 as CB1 receptor selective antagonist were also injected into the dorsal hippocampus. The effect of AMG 9810 on the response of URB 597 was also examined.
Results
Intra-CA1 injection of URB 597 (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 µg/rat) and AMG 9810 (0.003, 0.03 and 0.3 µg/rat) produced anxiolytic-like effects. Intra-CA1 infusion of capsaicin (0.003, 0.03 and 0.3 µg/rat) increased the anxiety-related behaviors and AM 251 (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 µg/rat) did not significantly change the animals behavior. AMG 9810 at the dose of 0.003 µg/rat did not change the anxiolytic-like effect of URB 597.
Conclusion
The results of the present study demonstrated that both endocannabinoid system and TRPV1 receptors may affect anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, it seems that TRPV1 receptors are not involved in the effects of anandamide on anxiety-related behaviors in the CA1 region.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4863_573e2057a8c891392a7ecc8ad0c77ed6.pdf
2012-05-01
795
802
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4863
Anandamide
Anxiety
CA1 region
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase
Rats
TRPV Cation Channels
Elham
Hakimizadeh
1
Physiology-Pharmacology Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahrbanoo
Oryan
sh_oryan@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbar
Hajizadeh moghaddam
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Shamsizadeh
alishamsy@gmail.com
4
Physiology-Pharmacology Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Roohbakhsh
aroohbakhsh@rums.ac.ir
5
Physiology-Pharmacology Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Iversen L. Cannabis and the brain. Brain 2003; 126:1252-1270.
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2. Fernández-Ruiz J, Berrendero F, Hernández ML, Ramos JA. The endogenous cannabinoid system and brain development. Trends Neurosci 2000; 23:14-20.
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3. Viveros MP, Marco EM, File SE. Endocannabinoid system and stress and anxiety responses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 81:331-342.
3
4. McKinney MK, Cravatt BF. Structure and function of fatty acid amide hydrolase. Annu Rev Biochem 2005; 74:411-32.
4
5. Kathuria S, Gaetani S, Fegley D, Valiño F, Duranti A, Tontini A, et al. Modulation of anxiety through blockade of anandamide hydrolysis. Nat Med 2003; 9:76-81.
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6. Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, Julius D. The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 1997; 23:816-24.
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7. Moran MM, McAlexander MA, Bíró T, Szallasi A. Transient receptor potential channels as therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011; 10:601-620.
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9. Tóth A, Boczán J, Kedei N, Lizanecz E, Bagi Z, Papp Z, et al. Expression and distribution of vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the adult rat brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2005; 135:162-168.
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10. Kasckow JW, Mulchahey JJ, Geracioti TD Jr. Effects of the vanilloid agonist olvanil and antagonist capsazepine on rat behaviors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004; 28:291-295.
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12. Vaughan CW, Connor M, Bagley EE, Christie MJ. Actions of cannabinoids on membrane properties and synaptic transmission in rat periaqueductal gray neurons in vitro. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 57:288-295.
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13. Xing J, Li J. TRPV1 receptor mediates glutamatergic synaptic input to dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dl-PAG) neurons. J Neurophysiol 2007; 97:503-511.
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14. Tsou K, Nogueron MI, Muthian S, Sañudo-Pena MC, Hillard CJ, Deutsch DG, et al. Fatty acid amide hydrolase is located preferentially in large neurons in the rat central nervous system as revealed by immunohistochemistry. Neurosci Lett 1998; 254:137-140.
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15. Paxinos G, Watson C. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 4th ed. Academic Press San Diego. 1998.
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16. Roohbakhsh A, Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Mahmoodi Delfan K. Anxiolytic-like effect of testosterone in male rats: GABAC receptors are not involved. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2011; 14:376-382.
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17. Roohbakhsh A, Keshavarz S, Hasanein P, Rezvani ME, Moghaddam AH.Role of endocannabinoid system in the ventral hippocampus of rats in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviours. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 105:333-338.
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18. Rezayat M, Roohbakhsh A, Zarrindast MR, Massoudi R, Djahanguiri B. Cholecystokinin and GABA interaction in the dorsal hippocampus of rats in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. Physiol Behav 2005; 84:775-782.
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19. Rubino T, Realini N, Castiglioni C, Guidali C, Viganó D, Marras E, et al. Role in anxiety behavior of the endocannabinoid system in the prefrontal cortex. Cereb cortex 2008; 18:1292-1301.
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20.Terzian AL, Aguiar DC, Guimarães FS, Moreira FA. Modulation of anxiety-like behaviour by transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels located in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2009; 19:188-195.
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21. Pitcher MH, Price TJ, Entrena JM, Cervero F. Spinal NKCC1 blockade inhibits TRPV1-dependent referred allodynia. Mol Pain 2007; 30:3:17.
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22. Moise AM, Eisenstein SA, Astarita G, Piomelli D, Hohmann AG. An endocannabinoid signaling system modulates anxiety-like behavior in male Syrian hamsters. Psychopharmacology 2008; 200:333-346.
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23. Bortolato M, Mangieri RA, Fu J, Kim JH, Arguello O, Duranti A, et al. Antidepressant-like activity of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 in a rat model of chronic mild stress. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62:1103-1110.
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24. Murillo-Rodríguez E, Vázquez E, Millán-Aldaco D, Palomero-Rivero M, Drucker-Colin R. Effects of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 on the sleep-wake cycle, c-Fos expression and dopamine levels of the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 562:82-91.
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25. Ognibene E, Adriani W, Laviola G. Anxiolytic and reward-related properties of URB597, a novel FAAH inhibitor, in CD1 mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2006; 16:S460.
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26. Moreira FA, Aguiar DC, Guimarães FS. Anxiolytic-like effect of cannabinoids injected into the rat dorsolateral periaqueductal gray. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:958–965.
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27. Hill MN, Karacabeyli ES, Gorzalka BB. Estrogen recruits the endocannabinoid system to modulate emotionality. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007; 32:350-357.
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28. Arevalo C, de Miguel R, Hernandez-Tristan R. Cannabinoid effects on anxiety-related behaviours and hypothalamic neurotransmitters. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 200; 70:123–131.
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29. Navarro M, Hernandez E, Munoz RM, del Arco R, Villanua MA, Carrera MRA, et al. Acute administration of CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A induces anxiety-like responses in the rat. Neuroreport 1997; 8:491–496.
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30. Akinshola BE, Chakrabarti A, Onaivi ES. In vitro and in vivo action of cannabinoids. Neurochem Res 1999; 24:1233–1240.
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31. Haller J, Bakos N, Szimay M, Ledent C, Freund TF. The effects of genetic and pharmacological blockade of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor on anxiety. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 16:1395–1398.
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32. Numazaki M, Tominaga T, Takeuchi K, Murayama N, Toyooka H, Tominaga M. Structural determinant of TRPV1 desensitization interacts with calmodulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2003; 24:8002-8006.
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33. Santos CJ, Stern CA, Bertoglio LJ. Attenuation of anxiety-related behaviour after the antagonism of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channels in the rat ventral hippocampus. Behav Pharmacol 2008; 19:357-360.
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34. Marsch R, Foeller E, Rammes G, Bunck M, Kössl M, Holsboer F, et al. Reduced anxiety, conditioned fear, and hippocampal long-term potentiation in transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor-deficient mice. J Neurosci 2007; 27:832-839.
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35. Gavva NR, Tamir R, Qu Y, Klionsky L, Zhang TJ, Immke D, et al. AMG 9810 [(E)-3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4] dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide], a novel vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) antagonist with antihyperalgesic properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:474-484.
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36. Malinowska B, Kwolek G, Göthert M. Anandamide and methanandamide induce both vanilloid VR1- and cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated changes in heart rate and blood pressure in anaesthetized rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2001; 364:562-569.
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37. de Lago E, de Miguel R, Lastres-Becker I, Ramos JA, Fernández-Ruiz J. Involvement of vanilloid-like receptors in the effects of anandamide on motor behavior and nigrostriatal dopaminergic activity: in vivo and in vitro evidence. Brain Res 2004; 1007:152-159.
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39. Micale V, Cristino L, Tamburella A, Petrosino S, Leggio GM, Drago F, et al. Anxiolytic effects in mice of a dual blocker of fatty acid amide hydrolase and transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channels. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:593-606.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Mediate the Gastroprotective Effect of Neurotensin
Objective(s)
Several lines of evidence indicate that neuropeptides exhibit protective properties against gastroduodenal ulcers. Neurotensin, a gut-brain neuropeptide, is implicated in a number of physiological processes in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues including gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the gastroprotective potential of either peripherally or centrally administered neurotensin with a look at the role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors which are located in brain areas implicated in the regulation of gastric functions.
Materials and Methods
Gastric mucosal damage was induced by intragastric administration of acidified ethanol in male Wistar rats. One hour later, gastric lesions were evaluated macroscopically. In gastroprotection study, neurotensin was administered either intravenously (1.5, 3, and 5 µM/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (0.5, 1, and 2.5 nM/rat) 30 min before the ethanol challenge. In order to evaluate the involvement of central CB1 receptors in the gastroprotective effect of neurotensin, the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (5, 10, and 15 nM/rat) was given i.c.v. 30 min prior to the administration of neurotensin. The effects of AM251 on the intact stomach and ethanol-induced gastric lesions were also evaluated.
Results
Acidified ethanol induced large areas of gastric lesions which were significantly reduced bythe highest dose of neurotensin in i.v. or i.c.v. application. The gastroprotective effect of neurotensin was prevented by pretreatment with 15 nM/rat AM251. AM251 had no effect by itself.
Conclusion
Peripherally or centrally given neurotensin protects gastric mucosa against damage induced by acidified ethanol through the activation of central cannabinoid CB1 receptors.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4864_86259ada21f47fdd7ab495f2016bb02d.pdf
2012-05-01
803
810
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4864
CB1 receptors
Gastroprotective action
Neurotensin
Parichehr
Hassanzadeh
pari_has@yahoo.com
1
Research Centre for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elham
Arbabi
elham_arbabi@yahoo.com
2
Research Centre for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Saxena A, Shukla S, Prasad KN, Ghoshal UC. Virulence attributes of Helicobacter pylori isolates and their association with gastroduodenal disease. Indian J Med Res 2011; 133:514-520.
1
2. Yacyshyn BR, Thomson AB. Critical review of acid suppression in nonvariceal, acute, upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis 2000; 18:117-128.
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4. Faisy C, Guerot E, Diehl JL, Iftimovici E, Fagon JY. Clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients with and without stress-ulcer prophylaxis. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:1306-1313.
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5. Yacyshyn BR, Thomson AB. Critical review of acid suppression in nonvariceal, acute, uppergastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis 2000; 18:117-128.
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6. Cook DJ, Fuller HD, Guyatt GH, Marshall JC, Leasa D, Hall R, et al. Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:377-381.
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7. Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Schubert ML, Pawlik WW, Padol S, et al. Brain-gut and appetite regulating hormones in the control of gastric secretion and mucosal protection. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 59:7-31.
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43. Rutkowska M, Fereniec-Goltbiewska L. ACEA (arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide), the selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, protects against aspirin-induced gastric ulceration. Pharmazie 2006; 61:341-342.
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44
45. Kingery WS. Role of neuropeptide, cytokine, and growth factor signaling in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med 2010; 11:1239-1250.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anticonvulsant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract and Aqueous Fraction of Ebenus stellata in Mice
Objective(s)
Fabaceae is the third largest family of flowering plants. Lack of essential oils in the plants of this family can be considered as an advantage and can favor them in search for safe and antiepileptic medicines. The effects of Fabacea familyplants including Ebenus stellata (E. stellata), Sophora alopecuroides and Caesalpinia gilliiesii were evaluated in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) seizure tests.
Materials and Methods
The hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by percolation of 100 g aerial parts ofeach plant in 900 ml ethanol 80%. Acute toxicity of the extracts was assessed. Non-toxic doses of the extracts were injected to the mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) and occurrence of clonic seizures induced by PTZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) or tonic seizures induced by MES (50 mA, 50 Hz, 1 sec), were monitored up to 30 min after each administration. The anticonvulsant extract was then fractionated by dichloromethane and water. Phytochemical screening of the effective extract was also carried out by thin layer chromatography to verify active constituents.
Results
Among theextracts used, only E. stellata had no toxicity and inhibited clonic seizures in a significant and dose-dependent (3-7 g/kg) manner with ED50 of 4 g/kg. Fractionation of the extract resulted in dose-dependent (1-5 g/kg) anticonvulsant activity, which was observed in aqueous fraction with ED50 of 1.74 g/kg. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of terpens/sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin and saponins in the extract.
Conclusion
The presence of anticonvulsant compounds in E. stellata suggestsfurther activity-guided fractionation and analytical studies to find the potential of this plant as a source of anticonvulsant agents.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4865_9815b31832ecb9b7ae0196045b12da68.pdf
2012-05-01
811
819
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4865
Anticonvulsants
Ebenus stellata
Fabaceae
Ayeh
Khodaparast
1
Department. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Sayyah
sayyahm2@yahoo.com
2
Department. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Soroush
Sardari
ssardari@chmail.ir
3
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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24. Bhutada P, Mundhada Y, Bansod K, Dixit P, Umathe S, Mundhada D. Anticonvulsant activity of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid in mice. Epilepsy Behav 2010; 18:207-210.
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27. Velisek L, Kusa R, Kulovana M, Mares P. Excitatory amino acid antagonists and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures during ontogenesis. I. The effects of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate. Life Sci 1990; 46:1349-1357.
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33
34. Bhutada P, Mundhada Y, Bansod K, Dixit P,Umathe S, Mundhada D. Anticonvulsant activity of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid in mice. Epilepsy Behav 2010; 18:207-210.
34
35. Longhi-Balbinot DT, Pietrovski EF, Gadotti VM, Martins DF, Facundo VA, Santos AR. Spinal antinociception evoked by the triterpene 3beta, 6beta, 16beta-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene in mice: evidence for the involvement of the glutamatergic system via NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 623:30-36.
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36. Kim S, Kim T, Ahn K, Park WK, Nah SY, Rhim H. Ginsenoside Rg3 antagonizes NMDA receptors through a glycine modulatory site in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:416-424.
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37. Fülep GH, Hoesl CE, Höfner G, Wanner KT. New highly potent GABA uptake inhibitors selective for GAT-1 and GAT-3 derived from (R)- and (S)-proline and homologous pyrrolidine-2-alkanoic acids. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41: 809-824.
37
38. Chindo BA, Anuka JA, McNeil L, Yaro AH, Adamu SS, Amos S, et al. Anticonvulsant properties of saponins from Ficus platyphylla stem bark. Brain Res Bull 2009; 78:276-282.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation, Characterization and Stability Studies of Glassy Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin using PVP and Isomalt as carriers
Objective(s)
The purpose of the present study was to use the solid dispersion (SD) technique to improve the dissolution rates of indomethacin (IMC).
Materials and Methods
IMC solid dispersions in PVP K30 and isomalt (GALEN IQ 990) were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique and a hot melt method in weight ratios of 2, 10 and 30% (IMC:PVP). Solid dispersions and physical mixtures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dissolution test. Physical stability tests were also performed at different temperatures and humidity conditions.
Results
The dissolution rates of all solid dispersions were faster than those of their physical mixtures. In samples containing 2% or 10% of IMC, there were no significant differences between the dissolution rates of IMC in PVP and isomalt solid dispersions, but in samples containing 30% of IMC, the dissolution rates were higher in isomalt dispersions. The XRPD analysis showed no crystalline peaks in solid dispersions, indicating that IMC was amorphous within the carrier. The DSC results showed that an interaction occurred between the drug and the carrier in PVP and isomalt dispersions. Physical stability tests at severe storage conditions showed that the dissolution rate of IMC in PVP solid dispersions decreased, while the dissolution profile of IMC in isomalt solid dispersions did not change significantly.
Conclusion
It was shown that the dissolution rates of IMC in PVP and isomalt solid dispersions were substantially increased compared with their physical mixtures and pure IMC.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4866_8cafafa255ecc8cc123209632d373c0f.pdf
2012-05-01
820
832
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4866
Dissolution enhancement
Indomethacin
Isomalt
PVP
Elham
Khodaverdi
khodaverdie@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Noman
Khalili
2
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzad
Zangiabadi
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Homayouni
4
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Lindenberg M, Kopp S, Dressman JB. Classification of orally administered drugs on the World Health Organization Model list of essential medicines according to the biopharmaceutics classification system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 58:265-278.
1
2. Merisko-Liversidge E, Liversidge GG. Nanosizing for oral and parenteral drug delivery: A perspective on formulating poorly-water soluble compounds using wet media milling technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:427-440
2
3. Challa R, Ahuja A, Ali J, Khar RK. Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: an updated review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E329-357.
3
4. Vasconcelos T, Sarmento B, Costa P. Solid dispersions as strategy to improve oral bioavailability of poor water soluble drugs. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:1068-1075.
4
5. Leuner C, Dressman J. Improving drug solubility for oral delivery using solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000; 50:47-60.
5
6. Wang X, de Armas HN, Blaton N, Michoel A, Van den Mooter G. Phase characterization of indomethacin in binary solid dispersions with PVP VA64 or Myrj 52. Int J Pharm 2007; 345:95-100.
6
7. Fujii M, Okada H, Shibata Y, Teramachi H, Kondoh M, Watanabe Y. Preparation, characterization, and tableting of a solid dispersion of indomethacin with crospovidone. Int J Pharm 2005; 293:145-153.
7
8. Takeuchi H, Nagira S, Yamamoto H, Kawashima Y. Solid dispersion particles of amorphous indomethacin with fine porous silica particles by using spray-drying method. Int J Pharm 2005; 293:155-164.
8
9. Sethia S, Squillante E. Solid dispersion of carbamazepine in PVP K30 by conventional solvent evaporation and supercritical methods. Int J Pharm 2004; 272:1-10.
9
10. Ndindayino F, Henrist D, Kiekens F, Van den Mooter G, Vervaet C, Remon JP. Direct compression properties of melt-extruded isomalt. Int J Pharm 2002; 235:149-157.
10
11. Langer MH, Höltje M, Urbanetz NA, Brandt B, Höltje HD, Lippold BC. Investigations on the predictability of the formation of glassy solid solutions of drugs in sugar alcohols.Int J Pharm. 2003; 252:167-79.
11
12. Costa FO, Sousa JJ, Pais AA, Formosinho SJ. Comparison of dissolution profiles of Ibuprofen pellets. J Control Release 2003; 89:199-212.
12
13. Solomon ME. Control of Humidity with potassium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, or other solutions. Bull Entomol Res 1951; 42:543-554.
13
14. Craig DQM. The mechanisms of drug release from solid dispersions in water-soluble polymers. Int J Pharm. 2002; 231:131-144.
14
15. Shivakumar G. Kapsi a JWA. Processing factors in development of solid solution formulation of itraconazole for enhancement of drug dissolution and bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2001; 229:193-203.
15
16. Van den Mooter G, Weuts I, De Ridder T, Blaton N. Evaluation of Inutec SP1 as a new carrier in the formulation of solid dispersions for poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2006; 316:1-6.
16
17. Wang X, Michoel A, Van den Mooter G. Solid state characteristics of ternary solid dispersions composed of PVP VA64, Myrj 52 and itraconazole. Int J Pharm 2005; 303:54-61.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Plasmid-mediated Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes (balaTEM, blaCTX and blASHV) Among Urinary Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates in Mashhad, Iran
Objective(s)
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria have an important role in nosocomial infections. Due to the limited availability of information about the molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing bacteria in Mashhad, we decided to investigate about TEM, CTX and SHV ESBLs among urinary Escherichia coli isolates in Mashhad, a city in northeast Iran.
Materials and Methods
One hundred and eleven clinical isolates of E. coli were diagnosed from hospitalized patients in 2009. After performing antibiogram and phenotypic confirmation test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed by blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX primers and restriction digestion was carried out using PstI and TaqI (Fermentas-Lithuania) for confirmation.
Results
ESBL producers of E. coli isolates were 33.3%. Among 37 ESBL-producing isolates, 35 (94.6%), 21 (56.8%) and 5 (13.5%) were shown to have blaCTX, blaTEM and blaSHV, genes respectively. Co-resistance to non-beta lactam antibiotics was observed more with ESBL producers (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The results showed that the studied ESBL genes are found with high prevalence and among them blaCTX is more widespread in urine E. coli isolates in Mashhad.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4867_e8d1e3c689c04638e015ffa6a1912b04.pdf
2012-05-01
833
839
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4867
Antibiotic resistance
Escherichia coli
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
Urinary tract infection
Mahboobeh
Nakhaei Moghaddam
m.nakhaei@mshdiau.ac.ir
1
Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Mahdi
Forghanifard
forghanifard@gmail.com
2
Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
AUTHOR
Sheila
Moshrefi
3
Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Sanders CC, Jr Sanders WE. Beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria: global trends and clinical impact. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15:824-839.
1
2. Paterson DL, Bonoma RA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18:657-686.
2
3. Branger C, Zamfir O, Geoffroy S, Laurans G, Arlet G, Thien HV, et al. Genetic background of Escherichia coli and extended- spectrum β-lactamases type. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:54-61.
3
4. Bradford PA. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology and the detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14:933-951.
4
5. Prescott LM, Harley JP, Klein DA. Microbiology. 5th ed. USA: Mc Graw Hill; 2002.
5
6. Peleg AY, Hooper DC. Hospital-acquired infections due to Gram-negative bacteria. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1804-1813.
6
7. Livemore DM. Beta-lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8:557-584.
7
8. Prinarakis EE, Miriagou V, Tzelepi E, Gazouli M., Tzouvelekis LS. Emergence of an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamases (SHV-10) derived from an SHV-5 variant. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:838-840.
8
9. Tzouvelekis LS, Tzelepi E, Tassios PT, Legakis NJ. CTX-M-type beta-lactamases: an emerging group of extended spectrum enzymes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; 14:137-142.
9
10. Bradford PA,Yang Y, Sahm D, Grope I, Gardovska D, Storch G. CTX-M-5, a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from an outbreak of S. typhimurium in Latvia. Antimicrob Agents Cehmother 1998; 42:1980-1984.
10
11. Nathisuwan S, Burgess DS, Lewis JS. ESBLs: epidemiology, detection and treatment. Pharmacotherapy 2007; 21:920-928.
11
12. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 12th informational supplement. M100-S12, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Wayne: PA. 2002.
12
13. Jarlier V, Nicolas MH, Fournier G, Philippon A. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases conferring transferable resistance to newer beta-lactam agents in Enterobacteriaceae: hospital prevalence and susceptibility patterns. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10:867-878.
13
14. M'Zali FH, Chanawong A, Kerr G, Birkenhead D, Hawkey PM. Detection of extended- spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the MAST DD test, the double disk and the E test ESBL. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 45:881-885.
14
15. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility test, 7th ed. Approved standards, NCCLS Doucument M2-A7, Vol; 20, no.1; Wayne, PA. 2000.
15
16. Sundsfjord A, Simonsen GS, Haldorsen BC, Haaheim H, Hjelmevoll SO, Littauer P, et al. Genetic methods for detection of antimicrobial resistance. APMIS 2004; 112:815-837.
16
17. Pagani L, Dell' Amico E, Migliavacca R, D'Andrea MM, Giacobone E, Amicosante G, et al. Multiple CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in nosocomial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from a hospital in northern Italy. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4264-4269.
17
18. Machado E, Coque TM, Canton R, Novais A, Sousa JC, Baquero F, et al. High diversity of extended- spectrum β-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Portugal. J Antimicrob Chemether 2007; 60:1370-1374.
18
19. Al-Zarouni M, Senok A, Rashid F, Al-Jesmi SM, Panigrahi D. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the United Arab Emirates. Med Princ Pract 2008; 17:32–36.
19
20. Malhotra VL, Khandpur N, Dass A, Mehta G. Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing clinical isolates from patients of urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital in Dehli. J Commun Dis 2008; 40:269-272.
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21. Babypadmini S, Appalaraju B. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae- Prevalence and susceptibility patients in a tertiary care Hospital. Ind J Med Microbiol 2004; 22:172-174.
21
22. Yagi T, Krukawa H, Shibata N, Shibayama K, Arkawa Y. A preliminary survey of extended spectrum β-lactamases in clinical isolated of K. pneumonia and E. coli in Japan. FEMS Microbiol 2000; 184:53-56.
22
23. Lewis MT, Yamaguchi K, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN. In vitro evaluation of cefepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams in 22 medical centers in Japan: a phase II trial comparing two annual organism samples. The Japan Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 35:307-315.
23
24. Stobberingh EE, Arends J, Hoggkamp-Korstanje JAA, Goessens WH, Visser MR, Buiting AG, et al. Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Dutch hospitals. Infection 1999; 27:348-354.
24
25. Quinn JP, Bradford PA, Goering RV, Nathan C, Bush K, Weinstein RA. Multiple antibiotic- resistant Klebsiella and Escherichia coli in nursing homes. J Am Med Assoc 1999; 281:517-523.
25
26. Ndugulile F, Jureen R, Harthuy S, Urassa W, Langeland N. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases among Gram-negative bacteria of nosocomial origin from an intensive care unit of a tertiary health facility in Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2005; 5:86.
26
27. Goyal A, Prasad KN, Prasad A, Gupta S, Ghoshal U, Ayyagari A. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and associated risk factors. Indian J Med Res 2009; 129:695-700.
27
28. Mendonca N, Leitaco J, Manageiro V, Ferreira E, Canica M. Spread of ESBL CTX-M producing E. coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Purtugal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1946-1955.
28
29. Lavigne JP, Marchandin H, Delmas J, Moreau J, Bouziges N, Lecaillon E, et al. CTX-M beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in French Hospitals: prevalence molecular epidemiology and risk factors. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:620-626.
29
30. Fang H, Ataker F, Hedin G, Dornbusch K. Molecular epidemiology of ESBLs among Escherichia coli isolates collected in a Swedish Hospital and its associated health care facilities from 2001 to 2006. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:707-712.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Association of Human Papillomaviruses Low Risk and High Risk Subtypes with Skin Tag
Objective(s)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are related to the genesis of various benign lesions and some malignant tumors, but no clear relationship has been identified so far between the subtypes of HPV and skin tag.
Materials and Methods
The present case-control study was designed to detect the existence of low risk and high risk HPV types in lesions of 50 patients with skin tag (case group) and normal skin around the melanocytic nevus of 30 patients (control group), using PCR.
Results
All of the samples were negative for HPV subtypes, except two samples in control group which were positive for high risk HPV. There was no significant relationship between the HPV subtypes and skin tag.
Conclusion
There is no association between skin tag and low risk and high risk human papillomaviruses.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4868_08cde8d09a2fe882a596b2c331f7c443.pdf
2012-05-01
840
844
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4868
HPV
PCR
Skin Tag
Fakhrozaman
Pezeshkpoor
1
Department of Dermatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir Hossein
Jafarian
jafarianah@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kiarash
Ghazvini
3
Department of Microbiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Javad
Yazdanpanah
4
Department of Dermatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Sadeghian
sadeghiana@mums.ac.ir
5
Department of Microbiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Habiballah
Esmaili
6
Community Health and Statistic Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Karrabi
7
Department of Dermatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Rohani
8
Medical Student, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahareh
Joushan
9
Endodontist, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Shirdel
10
Dentist, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Banik R, Lubach D. Skin tags: localization and frequencies according to sex and age. Dermatologica 1987; 174:180-183.
1
2. Schwartz RA. Acrochordon. 2010. eMedicine. Available at: URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1060373. Accessed Jan 19, 2011.
2
3. Beutner KR, Tyring S.Human papillomavirus and human disease. Am J Med 1997; 102:9-15.
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4. Dianzani C, Calvieri S, Pierangeli A, Imperi M, Bucci M, Degener AM. The detection of human papillomavirus DNA in skin tags. Br J Dermatol 1998; 138:649-651.
4
5. Sallam MA, Kamel MM, El Missiry AG, Helal MF. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in skin tags. Sci J Al-Azhar Med 2003; 24:311-317.
5
6. Griffin NR, Bevan IS, Lewis FA, Wells M, Young LS. Demonstration of multiple HPV types in normal cervix and in cervical squamous cell carcinoma using the polymerase chain reaction on paraffin wax embedded material. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43:52-56.
6
7. Jacobs MV, de Roda Husman AM, van den Brule AJ, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ, Walboomers JM. Group-specific differentiation between high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes by general primer-mediated PCR and two cocktails of oligonucleotide probes. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:901-905.
7
8. Resnick RM, Cornelissen MT, Wright DK, Eichinger GH, Fox HS, ter Schegget J, et al. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cancer specimens by DNA amplification with consensus primers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990; 82:1477-1484.
8
9. de Roda Husman AM, Walboomers JM, van den Brule AJ, Meijer CJ, Snijders PJ. The use of general primers GP5 and GP6 elongated at their 3' ends with adjacent highly conserved sequences improves human papillomavirus detection by PCR. J Gen Virol 1995; 76:1057-1062.
9
10. Kwok S, Higuichi R, Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 1989; 339:237–238.
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11. el-Ghorr AA, Norval M.The role of interleukin-4 in ultraviolet B light-induced immunosuppression. Immunology 1997; 92:26-32.
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12. Shreedhar V, Giese T, Sung VW, Ullrich SE. A cytokine cascade including prostaglandin E2, IL-4, and IL-10 is responsible for UV-induced systemic immune suppression. J Immunol 1998; 160:3783-3789.
12
13. Gupta S, Aggarwal R, Arora SK. Human papillomavirus and skin tags: Is there any association? Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008; 74:222-225.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation, Cloning and High- Level Expression of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Lipocalin2 by Baculovirus Expression System through Gateway Technology
Objective(s)
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a 25-kDa glycoprotein that has initially been extracted from neutrophil granules. Expression of Lcn2 is induced under various pathophysiological conditions. It is also known as an early marker of kidney and heart injury. High-level expression of recombinant Lcn2 neutrophil gelatinase-associated(NGAL) in insect cells was the aim of this study.
Materials and Methods
Lcn2 gene was isolated from HepG2 cell line. The PCR product was cloned into TOPO vector to construct TOPO-Lcn2. Then Lcn2 was transferred to Gateway adapted Baculovirus DNA by LR recombination reaction. The recombinant Baculovirus DNA was transfected into insect cell line. Expression of recombinant Lcn2 was detected by RT-PCR, ELISA and western blot analysis.
Results
Insertion of Lcn2 into pENTR/D-TOPO vector was confirmed by using PCR. The accuracy of the nucleotides sequence was verified by DNA sequencing. Transfer of the Lcn2 cDNA into the Baculovirus destination vector by LR recombination reaction was confirmed by amplification of a band of about 860 bp length by using forward Lcn2 primer and V5 reverse primer. Next, Lcn2 protein was detected as a prominent band with approximate molecular weight of 30 kDa in SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. ELISA results revealed high-level expression of Lcn2 by Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells.
Conclusion
High-level expression of Lcn2 protein in insect cells is promising for future potential applications. Recombinant Lcn2 might be used for producing monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies and as potential therapeutic agent. Large scale expression and purification are next steps that are on the way.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4869_1cf31b6d91e4167701160d6d5772efef.pdf
2012-05-01
845
852
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4869
Baculoviridae
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2)
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)
Recombination
Vector
Mahdi
Rouhbakhsh
1
Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Raheleh
Halabian
2
Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasser
Masroori
3
Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahshid
Mohammadi Pour
4
Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Bahmani
5
Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amaneh
Mohammadi Roushandeh
a.mohammadiroshandeh@umsha.ac.ir
6
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Jahanian-Najafabadi
7
Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehryar
Habibi Roudkenar
roudkenar@ibto.ir
8
Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Devarajan P. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: A promising biomarker for human acute kidney injury. Biomark Med 2010; 16:265-280.
1
2. Gwira JA, Wei F, Ishibe S, Ueland JM, Barasch J, Cantley LG. Expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin regulates epithelial morphogenesis in vitro. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:7875-7882.
2
3. Mori K, Lee HT, Rapoport D, Drexler IR, Foster K, Yang J, et al. Endocytic delivery of lipocalin-siderophoreiron complex rescues the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:610–621.
3
4. Bahmani P, Halabian R, Rouhbakhsh M, Roushandeh AM, Masroori N, Ebrahimi M, et al. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase 1, 2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:395-403.
4
5. Roudkenar MH, Kuwahara Y, Baba T, Roushandeh AM, Ebishima S, et al. Oxidative stress induced lipocalin 2 gene expression: addressing its expression under the harmful conditions. J Radiat Res (Tokyo) 2007; 48:39-44.
5
6. Roudkenar MH, Halabian R, Roushandeh AM, Nourani MR, Masroori N, Ebrahimi M, et al. Lipocalin 2 regulation by thermal stresses: Protective role of Lcn2/NGAL against cold and heat stresses. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:3140-3151.
6
7. Jarmi T, Agarwal A. Heme oxygenase and renal disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2009; 11:56-62.
7
8. Zhang H, Xu L, Xiao D, Xie J, Zeng H, Wang Z, et al. Upregulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma:significant correlation with cell differentiation and tumour invasion. J Clin Pathol 2007; 60:555–561.
8
9. Holmes MA, Paulsene W, Jide X, Ratledge C, Strong RK. Siderocalin (Lcn 2) Also Binds Carboxymycobactins, Potentially Defending against Mycobacterial Infections through Iron Sequestration. Structure (London, England: 1993) 2005; 13:29-41.
9
10. Schmidt-Ott KM, Mori K, Li JY, Kalandadze A, Cohen DJ, Devarajan P, et al. Dual Action of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:407-413.
10
11.Breustedt DA, Schönfeld DL, Skerra A. Comparative ligand-binding analysis of ten human lipocalins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006; 1764:161-173.
11
12. Lee HJ, Lee EK, Lee KJ, Hong SW, Yoon Y, Kim JS. Ectopic expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin suppresses the invasion and liver metastasis of colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:2490-2497.
12
13. Tong Z, Wu X, Ovcharenko D, Zhu J, Chen CS, Kehrer JP. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a survival factor. Biochem J 2005; 391:441-448.
13
14. Roudkenar MH, Halabian R, Ghasemipour Z, Roushandeh AM, Rouhbakhsh M, Nekogoftar M, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin acts as a protective factor against H(2)O(2) toxicity. Arch Med Res 2008; 39:560-566.
14
15.Bauer M, Eickhoff JC, Gould MN, Mundhenke C, Maass N, Friedl A. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a predictor of poor prognosis in human primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 108:389-397.
15
16. Cho H, Kim JK. Lipocalin2 expressions correlate significantly with tumor differentiation in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2009; 57:513-521.
16
17. Hemdahl AL, Gabrielsen A, Zhu C, Eriksson P, Hedin U, Kastrup J, et al. Expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:136-142.
17
18. Katano M, Okamoto K, Arito M, Kawakami Y, Kurokawa MS, Suematsu N, et al. Implication of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induced neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis revealed by proteome analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R3.
18
19. Mishra J, Mori K, Ma Q, Kelly C, Barasch J, Devarajan P. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: A Novel Early Urinary Biomarker for Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity. Am J Nephrol 2004; 24:307-315.
19
20. Tong Z, Wu X, Ovcharenko D, Zhu J, Chen CS, Kehrer JP. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a survival factor. Biochem J 2005; 391:441–448.
20
21.Vemula M, Berthiaume F, Jayaraman A, Yarmush ML. Expression profiling analysis of the metabolic and inflammatory changes following burn injury in rats. Physiol genomics 2004; 18:87-98.
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22. Roudkenar MH, Halabian R, Oodi A, Roushandeh AM, Yaghmaei P,Najar MR, et al. Upregulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL/Lcn2,in b-Thalassemia patients. Arch Med Res 2008; 39:402-407
22
23. Masroori N, Halabian R, Mohammadipour M, Roushandeh AM, Rouhbakhsh M, Najafabadi AJ, et al. High-level expression of functional recombinant human coagulation factor VII in insect cells. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:803-809.
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24.Cha HJ, Dalal NG, Pham MQ, Vakharia VN, Rao G, Bentley WE, et al. Insect larval expression process is optimized by generating fusions with green fluorescent protein. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999; 65:316-324.
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25. Miller L.K. Insect baculoviruses: Powerful gene expression vectors. Bioessays 1989; 11:91-95.
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26. Gholoobi A, Sankian M, Zarif R, Farshadzadeh Z, Youssefi F, Sadeghian A, et al. Molecular cloning, expression and purification of protein TB10.4 secreted by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2010; 13:189-193.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Teratogenic Effects of Sulfur Mustard on Mice Fetuses
Sulfur Mustard (SM) has been used as a chemical warfare agent, in the World War I and more recently during Iraq-Iran war in early 1980s’. Its biological poisoning effect could be local or systemic and its effect depends on environmental conditions, exposed organs, and the extent and duration of exposure. It is considered as a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic, carcinogenic effects; although a few studies have been performed on its teratogenicity so far.
Materials and Methods
Mice were administered with SM intraperitoneally with a dose of 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg in different periods of their gestation (gestational age of 11, 13 and 14 weeks). Control mice groups were included. Between 5 and 9 mice were used in each group. Dams underwent cesarean section on day 19 of their gestation. External examination was performed on the animals investigating craniofacial and septal defects and limb malformations such as adactyly and syndactyly. All data were analyzed by Chi-Square test and Fisher's exact test. The P- value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Craniofacial and septal defects as well as the limb malformations were the most common types of birth defects, displaying an extremely complex biomedical problem.
Conclusion
This study confirms a significant correlation between SM exposure and its teratogenic effect. We postulated that the malformations could be caused by an uncontrolled migration of neural crest cells, causing developmental disorders. In addition to environmental factors, modifying genes could play an important role in the pathogenesis of the defects.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4870_648db6a4706eb4cba16325e7f2306f44.pdf
2012-05-01
853
859
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4870
Malformation
Sulfur mustard
Teratogenicity
Nasrin
Sanjarmoosavi
1
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Naser
Sanjarmoosavi
2
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Marziyeh
Shahsavan
javadaghamohammadian@yahoo.com
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi
nazarabadim@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Wheeler GP. Studies related to the mechanism of action of cytotoxic alkylating agents. Cancer Res 1962; 22:65 1-88.
1
2. Balali M, Hefazi M. The clinical toxicology of sulfur mustard. Arch Iran Med 2005; 8 :162-179.
2
3. Balali M, Balali B. Sulphur mustard poisoning and its complications in Iranian veterans. IJM 2009; 34:155-171.
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4. Compton JF. Chemical and toxicological properties. In: Military Chemical and Biological Agents,? Caldwell; 1997. p. 5-17.
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5. Abbas AY Taher. Cleft lip and palate in Tehran. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1992; 29:1.
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6. WHO. Health aspect of biological and chemical weapons. Geneva: WHO, 1970.
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7. Lakshmana Rao PV, Vijayaraghavan R, Bhaskar ASB. Sulphur mustard induced DNA damage in mice after dermal and inhalation exposure. Toxicology 1999; 139:39-51.
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8. Ludlum DB, Papirmeister B. DNA modification by sulfur mustards and nitrosoureas and repair of these lesions. Basic Life Sci 1986; 38:119-125.
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9. Rall DP, Pechura CM. Effects on health of mustard gas. Nature 1993; 366:398-399.
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10. Freitag L, Firusian N, Stamatis G, Greschuchna D. The role of bronchoscopy in pulmonary complications due to mustard gas inhalation. Chest 1991; 1436-1441.
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11. Monica W, Bey T. Mustard gas or sulfur mustard: an old chemical agent as a new terrorist threat. Pre Dis Med? 2009; 24:19-29.
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12. Aasted A, Darre E, Wulf HC. Mustard gas: clinical toxicological and mutagenuc aspects based on modern experience. Ann Plast Surg 1987; 19:330-333.
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13. Easton DF, Peto J, Doll R. Cancers of the respiratory tract in mustard gas workers. Br J Ind Med 1988; 45:652-659.
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14. Somani SM, Babu SR. Toxicodynamics of sulfur mustard. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1989; 27:419-435.
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15. Ribiro PL, Mitra RS, Bernstein IA. Assessment of the role of DNA damage and repair in the survival of primary cultures of rat cutaneous keratinocytes exposed to bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991; 111:342-351.
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16. Wormser U, Izrael M, Van der Zee EA, Brodsky B, Yanai J A chick model for the mechanisms of mustard gas neurobehavioral teratogenicity, Neurotoxicolo.Teratolo 2005; 27:65-71.
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17. Young DL, Schneider RA, Hu D, Helms JA. Genetic and teratogenic approaches to craniofacial development. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2000; 11:304-317.
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18. Murray JC. Gene/environment causes of cleft lip/palate. Clin Genet 2002; 61:248-256.
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19. Strauss RP. The organization and delivery of craniofacial health services: the state of the art. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1999; 36:189-195.
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20. Vanderas AP. Incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate among races: a review. Cleft Palate J 1987; 24:216-225.
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21. OginoT. Congenital anomalies of the hand:asian perspective. Clin Orthop 1996; 323:12-21.
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22. Ogino T, Kato H. Clinical and experimental studies on teratogenic mechanisms of congenital absence of digits in longitudinal deficiencies. Cong Anom 1993; 33:187-196.
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23. Donovan J, Kordylewska A, Jan YN, Utset MF.
23
tetralogy of fallot and other congenital heart defects in Hey2 mutant mice. Curr Biol 2002; 12:1605-1610.
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24. Korkmaz A, Tanand D, Russel J. Acute and delayed sulfur mustard toxicity; novel mechanisms and future studies. Interdiscip Toxicol 2008; 1:22–26.
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25. Papirmeister B, Gross CI, Meier HL, Petrali JP,Johnson JB. Molecular basis of mustard-induced vesication. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1985; 5:134-139.
26
26. Balali M, Hefazi M. Comparison of early and late toxic effects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 99:273–284.
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27. Pour-Jafari H. Fetal deaths and parental exposure to chemical warfare agents. Med J Islamic Rep Iran 1992; 6:87-88.
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28. Hackett PL, Rommereim RL, Burton FG, Buschbom RL, Sasser LB. Teratology studies on lewisite and sulfur mustard agents: Effects of sulfur mustard in rats and rabbits: Final Report: Frederick, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Department of the Army. AD-A 1987; 187- 495.
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29. McNamara BP, Owens EJ, Christensen MK, Vocei FJ, Ford DF, Rozimarek N. Toxicological basis for controlling levels of mustard in the environment. EB-SP-74030. Edgewood Arsenal. Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD. Proving Ground, MD. 1975.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Therapeutic Benefit of Intravenous Administration of Human Umbilical Cord Blood- Mononuclear Cells Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat
Objective(s)
Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is now considered as a valuable source for stem cell–based therapies. Previous studies showed that intravascular injection of the HUCB significantly improves neurological functional recovery in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the present study, we hypothesize transplanted HUCB derived mononuclear cells (UC-MCs) can decrease injured volume and also ameliorate neurological function in ICH rats.
Materials and Methods
Experimental ICH was induced by intrastriatal administration of collagenase in rats. One day after surgery, the rats were divided into 3 groups to receive intravenously either BrdU positive human UC-MCs [(4×106 and 8×106 cells in 1 ml saline, n=10 respectively) as treated groups] or the same amount of saline [as lesion group (n=10)]. There was also one group (control) that received only vehicle solution of collagenase. The animals were evaluated for 14 days with behavioral tests. Transplanted UC-MCs were detected by immunohistochemistry. Histological data and scores of functional tests were analyzed using ANOVA. Cellular co-localization of BrdU+ cells in the histological slides was determined by software Image J.
Results
Intravenously transplanted UC-MCs migrated selectively to the hematomal area and reduce injured volume. The UC-MCs transplanted groups showed better performance on functional tests after 2 weeks compared with the lesion and control groups (P< 0.05). There was no difference in the functional recovery and injured volume improvement between the 2 treated groups.
Conclusion
Intravenously transplanted UC-MCs accelerate neurological function recovery of ICH rat and diminish the striatum lesion size. Thus these cells may provide a potential cell candidate for cell-based therapy in ICH.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4871_f2cb9649b2b0b3b766ad5af076369942.pdf
2012-05-01
860
872
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4871
Functional recovery
Human umbilical cord blood- mononuclear cells (HUC-MCs)
Inracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)
Striatum
Masoumeh
Seghatoleslam
anita49b@yahoo.com
1
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Jalali
jalalim@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Nikravesh
nikraveshmr@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Hosseini
hosseinim@sums.ac.ir
4
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Daryoush
Hamidi Alamdari
dhamidialam@yahoo.com
5
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Fazel
fazela @ mums.ac.ir
6
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Ribo M, Grotta JC. Latest advances in intracerebral hemorrhage. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2006; 6:17-22.
1
2. Broderick JP, Adams Jr HP, Barsan W, Feinberg W, Feldmann E, Grotta J, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1999; 30:905–15.
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3. Foulkes MA, Wolf PA, Price TR, Mohr JP, Hier DB. The stroke data bank: design methods and baseline characteristics. Stroke 1988; 19:547–554.
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4. Allahtavakoli M, Pourshanazari A, Heshmatian B. Vitamin E derivative alpha-tocotrienol failed to show neuroprotective effects after embolic Stroke in rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2009; 12: 9-17.
4
5. Jeong SW, Chu K, Jung KH, Kim SU, Kim M, Roh JK. Human neural stem cell transplantation promotes functional recovery in rats with experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2003; 34:2258-2263.
5
6. Liao W, Zhong J, Yu J, Xie J, Liu Y, Du L, et al. Therapeutic benefit of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells in intracerebral hemorrhage rat: implications of anti-inflammation and angiogenesis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2009; 24:307-316.
6
7. Harris DT. Cord blood stem cells: A review of potential neurological applications. Stem Cell Rev 2008; 4:269-274.
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8. Bliss T, Guzman R, Daadi M, Steinberg GK. Cell transplantation therapy for stroke. Stroke 2007; 38:817–826.
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9. Broxmeyer HE, Douglas GW, Hangoc G, Cooper S, Bard J, English D, et al. Human umbilical cord blood as a potential source of transplantable hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86:3828–3832.
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10. Erices A, Conget P, Minguell JJ. Mesenchymal progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood. Br J Haematol 2000; 109:235–242.
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11. Murohara T, Ikeda H, Duan J, Shintani S, Sasaki K, Eguchi H, et al. Transplanted cord blood-derived endothelial precursor cells augment postnatal neovascularization. J Clin. Invest 2000; 105:1527–1536.
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12. Madlambayan G, Rogers I. Umbilical cord-derived stem cells for tissue therapy: current and future uses. Regen Med 2006; 1:777–787.
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13. Vendrame M, Cassady J, Newcomb J, Butler T, Pennypacker KR, Zigova T, et al. Infusion of human umbilical cord blood cells in a rat model of stroke dose-dependently rescues behavioral deficits and reduces infarct volume. Stroke 2004; 35:2390–2395.
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14. Vendrame M, Gemma C, de Mesquita D, Collier L, Bickford PC, Sanberg CD, et al. Anti-infl ammatory effects of human cord blood cells in a rat model of stroke. Stem Cells Dev 2005; 14:595–604.
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15. Taguchi A, Soma T, Tanaka H, Kanda T, Nishimura H, Yoshikawa H, et al. Administration of CD34+ cells after stroke enhances neurogenesis via angiogenesis in a mouse model. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:330–338.
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16. Chen J, Sanberg PR, Li Y, Wang L, Lu M, Willing AE, et al. Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood reduces behavioral deficits after stroke in rats. Stroke 2001; 32:2682–2688.
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17. Sanberg PR, Willing AE, Garbuzova-Davis S, Saporta S, Liu G, Sanberg CD, et al. Umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells and brain repair". Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1049:67– 83.
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18. Park DH, Borlongan CV, Willing AE, Eve DJ, Cruz LE, Sanberg CD, et al. Human umbilical cord blood cell grafts for brain ischemia. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:985–998.
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19. Del Bigio MR, Yan HJ, Buist R, Peeling J. Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats: magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological correlates. Stroke 1996; 27:2312-2319.
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20. Lee ST, Chu K, Sinn DI, Jung KH, Kim EH, Kim SJ, et al. Erythropoietin reduces perihematomal inflammation and cell death with eNOS and STAT3 activations in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurochem 2006; 96:728-1739.
20
21. Jalali M, Ghafaripoor HA, Nikravesh MR., Hamidi Alamdari D, Sanchooli J, Seghatoleslam M. Therapeutic potential of cord blood stem cell in brain damage of an animal model. J Iran Anatom Sci 2011; 9:191-202.
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22. Sirchia G, Rebulla P. Placental/umbilical cord blood transplantation. Haematologica 1999; 84:738-747.
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23. Pimentel-Coelho PM, Magalhães ES, Lopes LM, deAzevedo LC, Santiago MF, Mendez-Otero R. Human cord blood transplantation in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: functional outcome related to neuroprotection in the striatum. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:351-358.
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24. Hassanein SM, Amer HA, Shahab AA, Hellal MM. Umbilical cord blood CD45 (+) CD34 (+) cells coexpression in preterm and full-term neonates: a pilot study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24:229-33.
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25. De Ryck M, Van Reempts J, Borgers M, Wauquier A,Janssen PA. Photochemical stroke model: flunarizine prevents sensorimotor deficits after neocortical infarcts in rats. Stroke 1989; 20:1383-1390.
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26. Hua Y, Schallert T, Keep RF, Wu J, Hoff JT, Xi G. Behavioral tests after intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat. Stroke 2002; 33:2478-2484.
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27. Zhang L, Schallert T, Zhang ZG, Jiang Q, Arniego P, Li Q, et al. A test for detecting long-term sensorimotor dysfunction in the mouse after focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Methods 2002; 117:207-214.
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28. Riegelsberger UM, Deten A, Pösel C, Zille M, Kranz A, Boltze J, et al. Intravenous human umbilical cord blood transplantation for stroke: impact on infarct volume and caspase-3-dependent cell death in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Neurol 2011; 227:218-223.
28
29. Andres RH, Guzman R, Ducray AD, Mordasini P, Gera A, Barth A, et al. Cell replacement therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurosurg Focus 2008; 24:E16.
29
30. Lee HJ, Kim KS, Kim EJ, Choi HB, Lee KH, , Park IH, et al. Brain transplantation of immortalized human neural stem cells promotes functional recovery in mouse intracerebral hemorrhage stroke model. Stem Cells 2007; 25:1204-1212.
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33. Mahmood A, Lu D, Wang L, Chopp M. Intracerebral transplantation of marrow stromal cells cultured with neurotrophic factors promotes functional recovery in adult rats subjected to traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2002; 19:1609-1617.
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35. Kim JM, Lee ST, Chu K, Jung KH, Song EC, Kim SJ, et al. Systemic transplantation of human adipose stem cells attenuated cerebral inflammation and degeneration in a hemorrhagic stroke model. Brain Res 2007; 1183:43-50.
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37. Liu AM, Lu G, Tsang KS, Li G, Wu Y, Huang ZS, et al. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells with forced expression of hepatocyte growth factor enhance remyelination and functional recovery in a rat intracerebral hemorrhage model. Neurosurgery 2010; 67:357-365.
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38. Riordan NH, Chan K, Marleau AM, Ichim TE. Cord blood in regenerative medicine: do we need immune suppression? J Transl Med 2007; 5:8.
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39. Bakhtiary M, Marzban M, Mehdizadeh M, Joghataei MT, Khoei S, Tondar M, et al. Combination of stem cell mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and human umbilical cord matrix stem cell: therapy of traumatic brain injury in rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2011; 14:327-339.
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40. Halabian R, Mohammadi MH, Salimi M, Amani M, Mohammadi Roushande A, Aghaipoor M, et al. Genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2011; 13:24-30.
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41. Newman M, Willing A, Cassady CJ, Manresa JJ, Kedziorek DA, Davis C, et al. In vitro migration and phenotype identification of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells to stroke brain. Exp Neurol 2003; 181:84–112.
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42. Li Y, Chen J, Chen XG, Wang L, Gautam SC, Xu YX, et al. Human marrow stromal cell therapy for stroke in rat: neurotrophins and functional recovery. Neurology 2002; 59:514–523.
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43. Mahmood A, Lu D, Lu M, Chopp M. Treatment of traumatic brain injury in adult rats with intravenous administration of human bone marrow stromal cells. Neurosurgery 2003; 53:697–702.
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44. Pomyje J, Zivny J, Sefc L, Plasilova M, Pytlik R, Necas E. Expression of genes regulating angiogenesis in human circulating hematopoietic cord blood CD34 /CD133 cells. Eur J Haematol 2003; 70:143–150.
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45. Gong C, Hoff JT, Kee RF. Acute inflammatory reaction following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rat. Brain Res 2000; 871:57-65.
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46. Rainsford E, Reen DJ. Interleukin 10, produced in abundance by human newborn T cells, may be the regulator of increased tolerance associated with cord blood stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2002; 116:702–709.
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47. Bracci-Laudiero L, Celestino D, Starace G, Antonelli A, Lambiase A, Procoli A, et al. CD34-positive cells in human umbilical cord blood express nerve growth factor and its specific receptor. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 136:130–139.
47
48. Borlongan CV, Hadman M, Davis Sanberg C, Sanberg PR. CNS entry of peripherally injected umbilical cord blood cells is not required for neuroprotection in stroke. Stroke 2004; 35:2385–2389.
48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Mucosal Adjuvant Potential of Cross-Linked Dextran Microspheres as Dry Powder
Objective(s)
The immunoadjuvant potential of cross-linked dextran microspheres (CDM) as absorption enhancer and Quillaja saponins (QS) as immunomodulator adjuvant was evaluated.
Materials and Methods
CDM loaded or tetanus-mixed toxoid (TT) or Quillaja saponin (QS) were nasally administered to rabbits in dry powder form, three times in 2 weeks interval and serum IgG and nasal lavage sIgA titers were determined by ELISA.
Results
The highest serum IgG titer was induced by parenteral immunization through alum adsorbed TT (P< 0.001). Among nasally immunized groups, the highest serum IgG titer was induced by (TT+QS)CDM (P< 0.01). Mixing of CDM with TT+QS powders (CDM+TT+QS), could not induce the high serum IgG titers as (TT+QS)CDM (P< 0.01). CDM loaded with TT+QS induced higher IgG titers than CDM loaded with TT alone (P< 0.01). No significant difference was observed in nasal lavage sIgA titers of various groups.
Conclusion
CDM microspheres loaded with TT+QS significantly increased serum anti-TT IgG titers, but mixing of CDM with TT+QS powder could not increase IgG titers. Both QS and CDM adjuvant could not significantly increase the lavage anti-TT IgA titers.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4872_7b52166b005cfe7b5a5fbe0a7ec71ac8.pdf
2012-05-01
873
879
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4872
Cross-linked dextran microspheres
Dry powder
Nasal immunization
Quillaja saponins
Tetanus toxoid
Mohsen
Tafaghodi
tafaghodim@mums.ac.ir
1
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Eskandari
2
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:140-157.
1
2. Alpar HO, Somavarapu S, Atuah KN, Bramwell VW. Biodegradable mucoadhesive particulates for nasal and pulmonary antigen and DNA delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57:411-430.
2
3. Ishii M, Kojima N. Mucosal adjuvant activity of oligomannose-coated liposomes for nasal immunization. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:115-123.
3
4. Makidon PE, Nigavekar SS, Bielinska AU, Mank N, Shetty AM, Suman J, et al. Characterization of stability and nasal delivery systems for immunization with nanoemulsion-based vaccines. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2009; 23:77-89.
4
5. Amin M, Jaafari MR, Tafaghodi M. Impact of chitosan coating of anionic liposomes on clearance rate, mucosal and systemic immune responses following nasal administration in rabbits. Colloids surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74: 225-229.
5
6. Nishino M, Mizuno D, Kimoto T, Shinahara W, Fukuta A, Takei T, et al. Influenza vaccine with Surfacten, a modified pulmonary surfactant, induces systemic and mucosal immune responses without side effects in minipigs. Vaccine 2009; 27:5620-5627.
6
7. Kayamuro H, Abe Y, Yoshioka Y, Katayama K, Nomura T, Yoshida T, et al. The use of a mutant TNF-alpha as a vaccine adjuvant for the induction of mucosal immune responses. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5869-5876.
7
8. Ugwoke MI, Agu RU, Verbeke N, Kinget R. Nasal mucoadhesive drug delivery: background, applications, trends and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57:1640-1665.
8
9. Illum L, Jorgensen H, Bisgaard H, Krogsgaard O, Rossing N. Bioadhesive microspheres as a potential nasal drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 1987; 39:189-199.
9
10. Garmise RJ, Staats HF, Hickey AJ. Novel dry powder preparations of whole inactivated influenza virus for nasal vaccination. AAPS PharmSci Tech 2007; 8:E81.
10
11. Tafaghodi M, Rastegar S. Preparation and in vivo study of dry powder microspheres for nasal immunization. J Drug Target 2010; 18:235-242.
11
12. Sun H-X, Xie Y, Ye Y-P. Advances in saponin-based adjuvants. Vaccine 2009; 27:1787-1796.
12
13. Ellis JA, West KH, Waldner C, Rhodes C. Efficacy of a saponin-adjuvanted inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves. Can Vet J 2005; 46:155-162.
13
14. Skene CD, Sutton P. Saponin-adjuvanted particulate vaccines for clinical use. Methods 2006; 40: 53-59.
14
15. Tafaghodi M, Sajadi Tabassi SA, Jaafari MR. Induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses by intranasal administration of alginate microspheres encapsulated with tetanus toxoid and CpG-ODN. Int J Pharm 2006; 319:37-43.
15
16. Tafaghodi M, Jaafari MR, Sajadi Tabassi SA. Nasal immunization studies using liposomes loaded with tetanus toxoid and CpG-ODN. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 64:138-145.
16
17. Payne JM, Sansom BF, Garner RJ, Thomson AR, Miles BJ. Uptake of small resin particles (1-5 micron diameter) by the alimetary canal of the calf. Nature 1960; 188:586-587.
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18. Eyles JE, Williamson ED, Alpar HO. Immunological responses to nasal delivery of free and encapsulated tetanus toxoid: studies on the effect of vehicle volume. Int J Pharm 1999; 189:75-79.
18
19. Bjork E, Edman P. Characterization of degradable starch microspheres as a nasal delivery system for drugs. Int J Pharm 1990; 62:187-192.
19
20. Pereswetoff-Morath L. Microspheres as nasal drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998; 29: 185-194.
20
21. Sajadi Tabassi SA, Tafaghodi M, Jaafari MR. Induction of high antitoxin titers against tetanus toxoid in rabbits by intranasal immunization with dextran microspheres. Int J Pharm 2008; 360:12-17.
21
22. Jain AK, Khar RK, Ahmed FJ, Diwan PV. Effective insulin delivery using starch nanoparticles as a potential trans-nasal mucoadhesive carrier. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:426-435.
22
23. Ryden L, Edman P. Effect of polymers and microspheres on the nasal absorption of insulin in rats. Int J Pharm 1982; 83:1-10.
23
24. Pereswetoff-Morath L, Edman P. Dextran microspheres as a potential nasal drug delivery system for insulin - in vitro and in vivo properties. Int J Pharm 1995; 124:37-44.
24
25. Chandler SG, Ilium L, Thomas NW. Nasal absorption in rats. II. Effect of enhancers on insulin absorption and nasal histology. Int J Pharm 1991; 76:61-70.
25
26. Illum L, Farraj NF, Davis SS, Johansen BR, O'Hagan DT. Investigation of the nasal absorption of biosynthetic human growth hormone in sheep--use of a bioadhesive microsphere delivery system. Int J Pharm 1990; 63:207-211.
26
27. Oechslein CR, Fricker G, Kissel T. Nasal delivery of octreotide: Absorption enhancement by particulate carrier systems. Int J Pharm 1996; 139:25-32.
27
28. Gill IJ, Fisher AN, Farraj N, Pitt CG, Davis SS, Illum L. Intranasal absorption of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) from powder formulations, in sheep. Eur J Pharm Sci 1998; 6:1-10.
28
29. Pereswetoff-Morath L, Edman P. Immunological consequences of nasal drug delivery in dextran microspheres and ethyl (hydroxyethyl) cellulose in rats. Int J Pharm 1996; 128:23-28.
29
30. O'Hagan DT. The intestinal uptake of particles and the implications for drug and antigen delivery. J Anat 1996; 189:477-482.
30
31. O'Hagan DT, Rafferty D, Wharton S, Illum L. Intravaginal immunization in sheep using a bioadhesive microsphere antigen delivery system. Vaccine 1993; 11:660-664.
31
32. Rydell N, Sjoholm I. Oral vaccination against diphtheria using polyacryl starch microparticles as adjuvant. Vaccine 2004; 22:1265-1274.
32
33. Rydell N, Sjoholm I. Mucosal vaccination against diphtheria using starch microparticles as adjuvant for cross-reacting material (CRM197) of diphtheria toxin. Vaccine 2005; 23:2775-2783.
33
34. Stertman L, Lundgren E, Sjoholm I. Starch microparticles as a vaccine adjuvant: only uptake in Peyer's patches decides the profile of the immune response. Vaccine 2006; 24:3661-3668.
34
35. Stertman L, Strindelius L, Sjoholm I. Starch microparticles as an adjuvant in immunisation: effect of route of administration on the immune response in mice. Vaccine 2004; 22:2863-2872.
35
36. Mohaghegh M, Tafaghodi M. Dextran microspheres could enhance immune responses against PLGA nanospheres encapsulated with tetanus toxoid and Quillaja saponins after nasal immunization in rabbit. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 16:36-43.
36
37. Bacon A, Makin J, Sizer PJ, Jabbal-Gill I, Hinchcliffe M, Illum L, et al. Carbohydrate biopolymers enhance antibody responses to mucosally delivered vaccine antigens. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5764-5770.
37
38. Tafaghodi M, Tabassi SAS, Jaafari M-R, Zakavi SR, Momen-nejad M. Evaluation of the clearance characteristics of various microspheres in the human nose by gamma-scintigraphy. Int J Pharm 2004; 280:125-135.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Vitamin E on Oocytes Apoptosis in Nicotine-Treated Mice
Objective(s)
Cigarette and nicotine enhances embryogenesis, fertility, pregnancy loss and ultrastructure alterations of oocyte. This study was performed to determine the effect of daily supplementation of vitamin E on oocytes apoptosis in nicotine-treated mice.
Materials and Methods
In this experimental study, 24 NMARI adult female mice were randomly allocated into four experimental groups. For 30 days, animals in control group (C) were received saline through subcutaneous injection, group I received vitamin E (60 mg/kg/day orally), group II received nicotine (5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneous) and animals of group III received nicotine with vitamin E (60 mg/kg/day orally). After 30 days, the animals were superovulated with PSMG (10 Units) and HCG (10 Units). Next day animals were sacrificed and oocytes were flushed. Collected oocytes were examined through TUNEL assay for the determination of apoptosis through the use of fluorescent microscope.
Results
The number of retrieved oocytes was 139, 148, 97 and 127 in control, experimental group I, II and III, respectively. Nicotine treatment increased apoptosis in oocytes up to 13.4% whereas oocytes apoptosis was 3.6% in controls. Supplementation with vitamin E in nicotine-treated mice reduced the oocytes apoptosis to 5.5%.
Conclusion
This study showed that nicotine exposure (5 mg/kg/day for 30 days) can increase apoptosis in oocytes, and supplementation with vitamin E (60 mg/kg/day orally) can reduce the oocytes apoptosis in nicotine-treated mice.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4873_2aaeb0ab87b6a0478ba3af4fba7580c2.pdf
2012-05-01
880
884
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4873
Antioxidant
Cell death
Nicotine
Oocytes
TUNEL assay
Ebrahim
Asadi
e-asadi@razi.tums.ac.ir
1
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Jahanshahi
mejahanshahi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Jafar
Golalipour
mjgolalipour@yahoo.com
3
Gorgan Congenital Malformation Research Centre, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Dechanet C, Anahory T, Mathieu Daude JC, Quantin X, Reyftmann L, Hamamah S, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:76-95.
1
2. Soares S. Cigarette smoking and fertility. Reproductive Biology Insights. 2009; 2:39-49.
2
3. Zenzes MT. Smoking and reproduction: gene damage to human gametes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update 2000; 6:122-131.
3
4. Gruber I, Just A, Birner M, Lösch A. Effect of a woman's smoking status on oocyte, zygote, and day 3 pre-embryo quality in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:1249-1252.
4
5. Wright KP, Trimarchi JR, Allsworth J, Keefe D. The effect of female tobacco smoking on IVF outcomes. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:2930-2934.
5
6. Bordel R, Laschke MW, Menger MD, Vollmar B. Nicotine does not affect vascularization but inhibits growth of freely transplanted ovarian follicles by inducing granulosa cell apoptosis. Hum Reprod 2006; 21 :610-617.
6
7. Yang HW, Hwang KJ, Kwon HC, Kim HS, Choi KW, Oh KS. Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in human fragmented embryos. Hum Reprod 1998; 13:998-1002.
7
8. Tarín JJ, Pérez-Albalá S, Cano A. Oral antioxidants counteract the negative effects of female aging on oocyte quantity and quality in the mouse. Mol Reprod Dev 2002; 61:385-397.
8
9. Mokhtar N, Rajikin M, Zakaria Z. Role of tocotrienol-rich palm vitamin E on pregnancy and preim plantation embryos in nicotine-treated rats. Biomed Res 2009; 19:181-184.
9
10. Sinkó I, Mórocz M, Zádori J, Kokavszky K, Raskó I. Effect of cigarette smoking on DNA damage of human cumulus cells analyzed by comet assay. Reprod Toxicol 2005; 20:65-71.
10
11. Gruslin A, Qiu Q, Tsang BK. Influence of maternal smoking on trophoblast apoptosis throughout development: possible involvement of Xiap regulation. Biol Reprod 2001; 65:1164-1169.
11
12. Rajikin MH, Latif ES, Mar MR, Mat Top AG, Mokhtar NM. Deleterious effects of nicotine on the ultrastructure of oocytes: role of gamma-tocotrienol. Med Sci Monit 2009; 15:BR378-383.
12
13. Liu Y, Li GP, White KL, Rickords LF, Sessions BR, Aston KI, et al. Nicotine alters bovine oocyte meiosis and affects subsequent embryonic development. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:1473-1482.
13
14. Jennings PC, Merriman JA, Beckett EL, Hansbro PM, Jones KT. Increased zona pellucida thickness and meiotic spindle disruption in oocytes from cigarette smoking mice. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:878-884.
14
15. Hassa H, Gurer F, Tanir HM, Kaya M, Gunduz NB, Sariboyaci AE, et al. Effect of cigarette smoke and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on fertilization, cleavage, and embryo development rates in mice: an experimental in vitro fertilization mice model study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 135:177-182.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simultaneous Detection of Integrase and Antibiotic Resistance Genes within SXT Constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains Isolated from Iran Using Multiplex-PCR
Objective(s)
Amongst the various antibiotic resistant elements in Vibrio. cholerae, SXT constin (SXT-C) is important. We were going to design a quick method for determination of antibiotic resistance gene pattern in SXT-C.
Materials and Methods
Ninety four V. cholerae O1El Tor isolates were used in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, multiplex PCR amplification of SXT-C containing dfrA1, sulII, strB and the int in a multiplex PCR were done.
Results
Results of our study showed that 92 (97.8%) out of 94 isolates were positive for all above genes. Multiplex PCR results correlated with the antibiotic susceptibility data obtained by using disc diffusion assay.
Conclusion
Using this multiplex PCR, it would be easily possible to demonstrate the presence of antibiotic resistance in SXT-C which, in turn, allows for a suitable treatment in cholera patients causing reduction in the mortality and morbidity rate of the infected individuals.
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_4874_c53fdcf5af9af71ca6623e828917f635.pdf
2012-05-01
885
889
10.22038/ijbms.2012.4874
antibiotic resistance pattern
Integrase
Multiplex-PCR
SXT constin
Vibrio cholerae
Seyed Mahmoud Amin
Marashi
1
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahram Nasr
Esfahani
nasr@hlth.mui.ac.ir
2
Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akbar
Tavakoli
3
Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Sharareh
Moghim
4
Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Pourshafie
pour@psteur.ac.ir
5
Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansoor
Salehi
xeruxes@yahoo.com
6
Departments of Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Pourshafie MR, Bakhshi B, Ranjbar R, Sedaghat M, Sadeghifard N, Zaemi Yazdi J, et al. Dissemination of a single Vibrio cholerae clone in cholera outbreaks during 2005 in Iran. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:1615-1619.
1
2. Ramachandran D, Bhanumathi R, Singh DV. Multiplex PCR for detection of antibiotic resistance genes and the SXT element: application in the characterization of Vibrio cholerae. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:346-351.
2
3. Adabi M, Bakhshi B, Goudarzi H, Zahraei SM, Pourshafie MR. Distribution of class I integron and sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim constin in Vibrio cholerae isolated from patients in Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2009; 15:179-184.
3
4. Garg P, Chakraborty S, Basu I, Datta S, Rajendran K, Bhattacharya T, et al. Expanding multiple antibiotic resistance among clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from 1992-7 in Calcutta, India. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124:393-399.
4
5. Hochhut B, Lotfi Y, Mazel D, Faruque SM, Woodgate R, Waldor MK. Molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance gene clusters in Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2991-3000.
5
6. Waldor MK, Tschape H, Mekalanos JJ. A new type of conjugative transposon encodes resistance to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and streptomycin in Vibrio cholerae O139. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:4157-4165.
6
7. Tabtieng R, Wattanasri S, Echeverria P, Seriwatana J, Bodhidatta L, Chatkaeomorakot A, et al. An epidemic of Vibrio cholerae El Tor Inaba resistant to several antibiotics with a conjugative group C plasmid coding for type II dihydrofolate reductase in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989; 41:680-686.
7
8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 16thinformational supplement, M100-S16. Clinical and Laboratory Standards. Institute Wayne, USA: 2006.
8
9. Iwanaga M, Toma C, Miyazato T, Insisiengmay S, Nakasone N, Ehara M. Antibiotic resistance conferred by a class I integron and SXT constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Laos. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:2364-2369.
9
10. Hochhut B, Waldor MK. Site-specific integration of the conjugal Vibrio cholerae SXT element into prfC. Mol Microbiol 1999; 32:99-110.
10
11. Dalsgaard A, Forslund A, Petersen A, Brown DJ, Dias F, Monteiro S, et al. Class 1 integron-borne, multiple-antibiotic resistance encoded by a 150-kilobase conjugative plasmid in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Guinea-Bissau. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3774-3779.
11
12. Falbo V, Carattoli A, Tosini F, Pezzella C, Dionisi AM, Luzzi I. Antibiotic resistance conferred by a conjugative plasmid and a class I integron in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated in Albania and Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:693-696.
12