Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Therapeutic effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders
1100
1112
EN
Mahboobeh
Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar
https://orcid.org/00
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
ghasemzadeh_mahboobeh@yahoo.com
Hossein
Hosseinzadeh
0000-0002-3483-851X
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/ijbms.2020.45269.10541
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an evergreen bushy shrub which grows along the Mediterranean Sea, and sub-Himalayan areas. In folk medicine, it has been used as an antispasmodic, mild analgesic, to cure intercostal neuralgia, headaches, migraine, insomnia emotional upset, and depression. Different investigations have highlighted rosemary neuropharmacological properties as their main topics. Rosemary has significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumorigenic, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, it shows important clinical effects on mood, learning, memory, pain, anxiety, and sleep. The aim of the current work is to review the potential neuropharmacological effects of different rosemary extracts and its active constituents on nervous system disorders, their relevant mechanisms and its preclinical application to recall the therapeutic potential of this herb and more directions of future research projects. The data were gathered by searching the English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The keywords used as search terms were ‘Rosmarinus officinalis’, ‘rosemary’, ‘nervous system’, ‘depression’, ‘memory’, ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ ‘epilepsy’, ‘addiction’, ‘neuropathic pain’, and ‘disorders’. All kinds of related articles, abstracts and books were included. No time limitation was considered. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were subjected to this investigation. This review authenticates that rosemary has appeared as a worthy source for curing inflammation, analgesic, anti-anxiety, and memory boosting. It also arranges new perception for further investigations on isolated constituents, especially carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and essential oil to find exquisite therapeutics and support drug discovery with fewer side effects to help people suffering from nervous system disorders.
Addiction,Anticonvulsant,Antinociceptive,Neurodegenerative disease,Nervous system,Neuroprotective,Rosmarinus officinalis
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15705.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15705_a9abf2c1cf4e9cf81095f88315336f4c.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Potential protective roles of phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: A review
1113
1123
EN
Amir R.
Afshari
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-9818
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
amirreza.afshari2@gmail.com
Sahar
Fanoudi
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
fanoudis922@mums.ac.ir
Arezoo
Rajabian
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
rajabiar@mums.ac.ir
Hamid Reza
Sadeghnia
0000-0002-3228-6897
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
sadeghniahr@mums.ac.ir
Hamid
Mollazadeh
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
hamidmollazadeh1984@gmail.com
Azar
Hosseini
0000-0002-5842-6157
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
hoseiniaz@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/ijbms.2020.43687.10259
Glutamate, as an essential neurotransmitter, has been thought to have different roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including nerve regeneration, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis. Excessive glutamate causes an up-regulation of the multiple signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and autophagy that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases pathophysiology. There are numerous findings on curcumin, astaxanthin, thymoquinone, and berberine, as natural products, which have outstanding effects in cell signaling far beyond their anti-oxidant activity, considering as a potential therapeutic target for glutamate excitotoxicity. Herein, we address the role of glutamate as a potential target in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the protective effects of certain phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
Excitotoxicity,Glutamate,Neurotransmitter,Neurodegenerative disorders,Phytochemicals
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16121.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16121_6603b8d1fa139ae09a726be3c3a187ae.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Glutamine relieves oxidative stress through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice
1124
1129
EN
Shuguang
Yan
0000-0002-2262-7467
College of Basic Medicine, the Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
fengybiology@sina.com
Yi
Hui
College of Basic Medicine, the Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
drhy1982@126.com
Jingtao
Li
Department of Liver Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712020, P.R. China
lijingtao555@163.com
Xiaofan
Xu
Medical Experiment Center, the Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P.R. China
xuxiaofan1987@126.com
Qian
Li
Medical Experiment Center, the Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P.R. China
86888694@qq.com
Hailiang
Wei
0000-0001-7751-1368
Departments of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712020, Shaanxi, P.R. China
whlxianyang@163.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.39815.9436
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of complex immune disease, and a major cause of destruction of intestinal barrier and oxidative stress in this field. In this paper, glutamine (Gln) was believed to offer protection against oxidative stress injury in colitis mice.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Thirty mice were randomly assigned into control, model, LY294002 (PI3K/Akt inhibitor), Gln, Gln+LY294002 and 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) groups. The mice in the experimental group drank 4% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) for 7 consecutive days. The protective effect of Gln on oxidative stress was quantified by keeping colitis mice, involving Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, with different medications or distilled water through intragastric administration for 10 consecutive days.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong> In vivo</em> administration of Gln, LY294002 or 5-ASA was found to ameliorate the symptoms of colitis in mice, such as reduced growth, loose stools and stool bleeding; protected DSS-induced colitis mice from goblet cell loss, lymphocytosis, mucosal erosion, loss of crypts, and neutrophil infiltration; improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-XP); decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA); and inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Administration of Gln to the DSS-induced colitis mice led to a clearly reduction in oxidative stress-induced injury. The Gln is confirmed as inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activity.
Colitis,Glutamine,mTOR protein,Oxidative stress,Protein kinase B
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15985.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15985_9df47ff70c813fdffadadbfbab166df0.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Does gallic acid improve cardiac function by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation in an elastase-induced lung injury?
1130
1138
EN
Farzaneh
Sohrabi
0000000277677154
Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
sohrabif69@gmail.com
Mahin
Dianat
0000-0002-0305-5715
Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
dianat@ajums.ac.ir
Mohammad
Badavi
0000-0003-2290-8565
Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
badavim@yahoo.com
Maryam
Radan
0000-0002-5853-0392
Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
radan.maryam@yahoo.com
Seyyed Ali
Mard
0000-0002-4323-1672
Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
alimard77@gmail.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.46427.10721
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Cardiovascular disease has an important role in mortality caused by lung injury. Emphysema is associated with impaired pulmonary gas exchange efficiency and airflow limitation associated with small airway inflammation. The aim was to evaluate the interactions between lung injury, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Since gallic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, we hypothesized that gallic acid protects the lung and the related heart dysfunction in elastase-induced lung injury. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups: Control, Porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) , PPE+GA, and 3 groups for different doses of gallic acid (GA 7.5, GA 15, GA 30 mg/kg). PPE was injected intra-tracheally on days 1 and 10 of the test. In each group, electrocardiography, hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> PPE administration showed a decrease in HR and QRS voltage of electrocardiogram parameters, as well as in hemodynamic parameters (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.05). Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) (P<0.001), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P<0.001), interleukin 6 (MDA) (P<0.001), and the total number of white blood cells (P<0.001) showed an increase in PPE groups. Gallic acid preserved the values of hemodynamic properties, oxidative stress, inflammation, and electrocardiogram parameters in comparison to the PPE group.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Briefly, this study showed the valuable effect of gallic acid in cardiac dysfunction related to elastase-induced lung injury. These findings suggested that gallic acid, as a natural antioxidant, has a potential therapeutic effect on preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular Disease,Gallic acid,Hemodynamic parameters,Inflammation,Lung injury,PPE,Rat
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16140.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16140_e75956550ee458d5021915ba53036a50.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Naphthoquinones from Handroanthus impetiginosus promote skin wound healing through Sirt3 regulation
1139
1145
EN
Fayyaz
Ahmad
0000-0001-7772-1939
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
fayyazahmad0393@gmail.com
Shaheen
Bibi
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
shaheen.ansari54@yahoo.com
Mincheol
Kang
College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmaero, Incheon, South Korea
kismc0511@naver.com
Mariam
Anees
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
mariam@qau.edu.pk
Muhammad
Ansar
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
ansar@qau.edu.pk
Muhammad Rizwan
Alam
0000-0002-1578-5723
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
mralam@qau.edu.pk
Sun
Kim
College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmaero, Incheon, South Korea
sunnykim@gachon.ac.kr
Hussain
Mustatab
Wahedi
0000-0001-9424-4978
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, C/O Military Hospital, Mall Road Rawalpindi, Pakistan
hmwahedi@gmail.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.43706.10275
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Lapachone is a natural naphthoquinone-derived compound found in Tabebuia avellanedae. It is well-known for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, diuretic, and anti-cancerous effects. However, the wound-healing effects of this compound are not known yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the wound healing activity of naphthoquinones (α-lapachone and β-lapachone) from Handroanthus impetiginosus. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Expression of Sirt3, migration-related proteins (Rac1, Cdc42, α-Pak) and angiogenesis-related protein of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was monitored using western blot analysis. Blood vessel formation and tissue development were monitored by angiogenesis assay and hematoxylin & eosin (H & E) staining, respectively on mouse skin tissue samples. Both α-lapachone and β-lapachone increased Sirt3 expression in vivo, but only β-lapachone increased Sirt3 expression in vitro. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Both the compounds accelerated wound healing in cultured skin cells as well as mouse skin; however, β-lapachone was more effective at lower concentrations. Both of the compounds increased the expression of migration-related proteins both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, α-lapachone and β-lapachone increased VEGF expression, tissue development and blood vessel formation in mouse skin.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> These findings indicated that α-lapachone and β-lapachone are novel Sirt3 activators, and Sirt3 has a role in wound healing. Thus, Sirt3 and its regulators come out as a novel target and potential drug candidates, respectively in the important field of cutaneous wound healing.
Beta,Lapachone Dermatology Inflammation Regeneration Tabebuia
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16139.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16139_c2c8bb6f3e32bc19e9c5dd1f36db3e9f.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Protective effect of crocin on bisphenol A - induced spatial learning and memory impairment in adult male rats: Role of oxidative stress and AMPA receptor
1146
1154
EN
Faezeh
Vahdati Hassani
Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
vahdatihf851@gmail.com
Elaheh
Masjedi
Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
elahemasjedi7@gmail.com
Hossein
Hosseinzadeh
0000-0002-3483-851X
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir
Zeinab
Bedrood
Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
bedroudz941@mums.ac.ir
Khalil
Abnous
0000-0001-6314-0164
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
abnouskh@mums.ac.ir
Soghra
Mehri
0000-0002-9697-2343
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
mehris@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/ijbms.2020.41097.9714
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogenic endocrine disrupting agent, is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and has potential adverse effects on the developing nervous system, memory and learning abilities. The protective effect of the crocin, an important active constituent in Crocus sativus L, on memory impairment induced by BPA in rat was determined through evaluation of oxidative stress and the level of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicd acid) receptors. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Rats were orally treated with BPA (100 mg/kg) or sesame seed oil in control group for 28 days. Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, IP) was administrated in BPA-orally treated groups for 28 days. Memory and learning functions were evaluated by Morris water maze. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents were determined in rat hippocampus. Additionally, the expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors were analyzed using Western blot method. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Administration of BPA significantly reduced memory and learning functions. Crocin significantly protected against learning and memory impairments induced by BPA. BPA administration markedly reduced GSH content and induced lipid peroxidation, while crocin was able to increase GSH content in rat hippocampus. The expression of NMDA receptor did not change in BPA-treated rats, while the significant reduction in AMPA receptor expression was observed. Moreover, crocin (20 mg/kg) significantly elevated the expression of AMPA receptor. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Crocin recovered spatial learning and memory defects induced by BPA in part through anti-oxidant activity and modulation the expression of AMPA receptor in rat hippocampus.
Crocin Crocus sativus L. Bisphenol A Anti,oxidant AMPA NMDA
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16122.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16122_6e1c1caefbae84a6485c403747ef72ff.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Phytoestrogens by inhibiting the non-classical oestrogen receptor, overcome the adverse effect of bisphenol A on hFOB 1.19 cells
1155
1163
EN
Zar Chi
Thent
0000-0002-7915-0364
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
zarrchii@gmail.com
Gabriele Ruth
Anisah Froemming
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
Aletza Binti
Mohd Ismail
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
Syed Baharom
Syed Ahmad Fuad
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
Suhaila
Muid
0000-0001-9242-5230
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
suhaila777@gmail.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.45296.10545
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Since bisphenol A (BPA) induces bone loss and phytoestrogens enhance the osteoblastogenesis by binding to the non-classical and classical oestrogen receptors, respectively, the present study was aimed to observe the osteoprotective effect of phytoestrogens on BPA-induced osteoblasts in hFOB 1.19 cells.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> All groups of hFOB 1.19 cells were induced with 12.5 μg/ml of BPA except the control (Ctrl) group. Meanwhile, treated groups received phytoestrogens; Daidzein (Dz), Genistein (Gt), Equol (Eq) and 17β-oestradiol (Est) in different concentrations for 24 hr duration.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> We found that the protein expression of non-classical oestrogen-related receptor (ERRG) was highly expressed in BPA group, whereas classical oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) were relatively increased with phytoestrogens treatment under BPA exposure. The dense actin cytoskeletal filaments were also observed. qRT-PCR showed up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) expressions; significant down-regulation of ERRG and up-regulation of ERα and ERβ were observed in phytoestrogens-treated cells, which was supported by the increased expressions of oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Phytoestrogens improved the deteriorative effect of BPA via down-regulation of ERRG in hFOB 1.19 cells. This study showed that the efficacy of consumption of phytoestrogens in rendering them as potential therapeutic strategy in combating the adverse bone effects of BPA.
Bisphenol A,ERRG,hFOB 1.19 cells Oestrogens receptors Phytoestrogens
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15986.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15986_c59cb898f61ca64cd52fbfd8ed197886.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Spermatogonia apoptosis induction as a possible mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii induced male infertility
1164
1171
EN
Jasem
Saki
0000-0002-2966-9352
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
jasem.saki@gmail.com
Mohamad
Sabaghan
0000-0003-4670-767X
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
mohamadsabaghan1986@gmail.com
Reza
Arjmand
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
arjmand-r@ajums.ac.ir
Ali
Teimoori
Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
teimoori-a@ajums.ac.ir
Mohammad
Rashno
0000-0001-5473-1384
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
rashno-m@ajums.ac.ir
Ghasem
Saki
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
saki-gh@ajums.ac.ir
Saeedeh
Shojaee
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
saeedeh.sh56@gmail.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.43535.10224
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii as an intracellular protozoan is widely prevalent in humans and animals. Infection generally occurs through consuming food contaminated with oocysts and tissue cysts from undercooked meat. The parasite is carried in sexual fluids like semen but there is little information about the effect of T. gondii on the male reproductive system. In this study, we examined the effect of T. gondii tachyzoites on apoptosis induction in type B spermatogonia (GC-1) cells.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Fresh tachyzoites taken of infected BALB/c mice, GC-1 spg cells were infected with increasing concentrations of tachyzoites of T. gondii, then apoptotic cells were identified and quantified by flow cytometry. The genes associated with apoptosis were evaluated by RT2 Profiler PCR Array.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> PCR array analysis of 84 apoptosis-related genes demonstrated that 12 genes were up-regulated at least 4-fold and that one gene was down-regulated at least 2-fold in the T. gondii infection group compared with levels in the control group. The number of genes whose expression had increased during the period of infection with T. gondii was significantly higher than those whose expressions had decreased (18 versus 1) and Tnfrsf11b had the highest rate of gene expression.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> T. gondii induce in vitro apoptosis of GC-1 spg cells. This effect shows a trend of concentration-dependent increase so that with an increase in the ratio of parasite burden to spermatogonial cells, in addition to an increase in the number of genes whose expression has changed, the fold of these changes has increased as well.
Apoptosis,Gene expression,In vitro,Spermatogonia,Toxoplasma gondii
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16106.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16106_3d78a84a1d5719bd9e9c884b9b7c928f.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Chromon-3-aldehyde derivatives restore mitochondrial function in rat cerebral ischemia
1172
1183
EN
Dmitry
Pozdnyakov
0000-0002-5595-8182
Department of Pharmacology Pyatigorsk Medical Pharmaceutical Institute, Pyatigorsk, Russia
pozdniackow.dmitry@yandex.ru
Andrey
Voronkov
Department of Pharmacology Pyatigorsk Medical Pharmaceutical Institute, Pyatigorsk, Russia
andreyvoronkov@pmed.ru
Victoriya
Rukovitsyna
Department of Organic Chemistry, Pyatigorsk Medical Pharmaceutical Institute, Pyatigorsk, Russia
rucovicinavica@mail.ru
10.22038/ijbms.2020.46369.10710
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> This work aimed to assess the effect of 10 new chromon-3-aldehyde derivatives on changes of mitochondrial function under the conditions of brain ischemia in rats. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> The work was executed on BALB/c male-mice (acute toxicity was evaluated) and male Wistar rats, which were used to model cerebral ischemia by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. The test-substances, 10 derivatives of chromon-3-aldehyde and the reference drug, N-acetylcysteine, were injected after modeling of ischemia for 3 days. After that, neurological symptoms, the area of cerebral infarction, and change in mitochondrial function were evaluated.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> It was established that use of all chromon-3-aldehyde derivatives contributed to the recovery of mitochondrial function, which was reflected in enhanced ATP-generating activity, maximum respiration level, respiratory capacity, as well as reduction in the intensity of anaerobic reactions, apoptosis, and normalization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The most pronounced changes were noted with the use of 6-acetyl substituted chromon-3-aldehyde derivative, the administration of which decreased neurological symptoms and size of brain necrosis area.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> The obtained data may indicate the most pronounced neurotropic effect in a number of test-objects has the 6-acetyl substituted derivative of chromon-3 aldehyde, realized by restoration of mitochondrial function, which may be the basis for further study of chromon-3-aldehyde derivatives.
Acetylcysteine,Apoptosis,Brain ischemia,Cell respiration,Laboratory animals,Mitochondria
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16105.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16105_d08dcec8ab297930cdae7f9fa608005e.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
The first report of Enterobacter gergoviae carrying blaNDM-1 in Iran
1184
1190
EN
Reza
Khashei
0000-0003-2413-2078
Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
re.khashei@gmail.com
Fatemeh
Edalati Sarvestani
Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
fatemehedalati26@gmail.com
Yalda
Malekzadegan
Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
malekzadeganyalda@gmail.com
Mohammad
Motamedifar
0000-0003-4993-4034
Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
motamedm@sums.ac.ir
10.22038/ijbms.2020.41225.9752
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Prompt detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae is crucial for infection prevention and control strategies. The present study aimed to characterize the ESBL and carbapenemase genes among Enterobacter isolates from an Iranian inpatient population.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> A total of 96 Enterobacter isolates obtained from inpatients between June 2016 and March 2017, were identified by the conventional microbiological methods and diagnostic kits. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was performed using the disk diffusion method. The ESBL and carbapenemase genes were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> All clinical isolates of Enterobacter were classified as E. gergoviae (52, 54.2%), E. aerogenes (34, 35.4%), E. cloacae (7, 7.3%), Cronobacter (E). sakazakii (3, 3.1%). The highest and lowest antimicrobial resistance rates were observed against ampicillin (93.8%) and imipenem (21.9%). High prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR=96.9%) was substantial. Of the 96 Enterobacter isolates, 35 (36.5%) and 28 (29.2%) were phenotypically ESBL-positive and non-susceptible carbapenem, respectively. Overall, the frequency of evaluated genes was as follows: blaCTX-M =25 (26%), blaTEM =30 (31.3%), blaSHV =12 (12.5%), blaIMP =3 (3.1%), blaVIM =0 (0%), blaNDM =8 (8.3%), and blaKPC =0 (0%).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> In this study, we report for the first time the presence of E. gergoviae harboring blaNDM from an Iranian population. Regarding the increase of MDR Enterobacter spp. in our region, strict hygiene rules will be needed to control the quick spread of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter isolates in healthcare facilities of developing countries.
Antimicrobial resistance β,lactamase blaNDM,1 Carbapenems Enterobacter
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16032.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16032_ba59e7e5e456a3ec00c36d257a803d43.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
The role of acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin in the blood and hypothalamus and their interaction with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
1191
1196
EN
Xia
Liu
0000-0001-7971-0133
Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
lxiaqust@163.com
Yaoyao
Guo
Shandong Luoxin Pharmaceutical Group Stock Co., Ltd., Preparation Department, Linyi
1060068672@qq.com
Zhaozhen
Li
Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
204805721@qq.com
Yanling
Gong
https://orcid.org/00
Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
hanyu_ma@126.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.45356.10555
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Ghrelin is a brain-gut peptide involved in substance and energy metabolism. To confirm the hypothesis that ghrelin might be involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a rat NAFLD model was established and the changes of ghrelin were explored.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> The rats were divided into control and NAFLD groups. The rats in the NAFLD group were fed a high-fat–high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 8 weeks. Total ghrelin (TG), acylated ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UAG), and hypothalamic AG and its receptor GHSR-1a expression were detected using ELISA, RIA, RT-PCR, and Western blot, respectively.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Plasma UAG, TG, and the ratio of UAG to AG (UAG/AG) decreased, while protein and mRNA expression of hypothalamic AG and growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a (GHSR-1a) increased in NAFLD (P<0.01). Plasma UAG and UAG/AG were negatively associated with homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), while AG positively correlated with HOMA-IR (R2=0.6510, P=0.005; R2=0.8520, P=0.000; R2=0.5617, P=0.013, respectively). Plasma UAG, TG and UAG/AG negatively correlated with serum LDL-C or hepatic triglycerides (TGs) (R2=0.7733, P=0.001; R2=0.6930, P=0.003; R2=0.6042, P=0.008; R2=0.7046, P=0.002; R2=0.6722, P=0.004; R2=0.5124, P=0.020, respectively). Hypothalamic AG and GHSR-1a positively correlated with HOMA-IR or hepatic TGs (R2=0.5116, P=0.020; R2=0.5220, P=0.018; R2=0.6074, P=0.008; R2=0.5127, P=0.020, respectively).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> It might be that decreased circulating UAG/AG, rather than UAG or AG alone, were involved in IR and liver lipid accumulation in NAFLD. Acylated ghrelin might induce IR and promote liver lipid accumulation via a central mechanism involved in the hypothalamus.
Ghrelin Hypothalamus Insulin resistance Non,alcoholic fatty liver,disease Rat
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15984.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15984_f900161c214b3e7a1ee35f0b2a2e142a.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Adrenomedullin protects rat dorsal root ganglion neurons against doxorubicin-induced toxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress
1197
1206
EN
Amir
Mahmoodazdeh
0000-0002-0523-8152
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
biochem@gmail.com
Sayed Mohammad
Shafiee
0000-0002-9221-2267
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
shafieem@sums.ac.ir
Mohsen
Sisakht
0000-0002-9882-7211
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
mohsen.sisakht@gmail.com
Zahra
Khoshdel
0000-0003-2539-9997
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
khoshdelz@sums.ac.ir
Mohammad Ali
Takhshid
0000-0003-0246-3765
Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
takhshid2001@yahoo.co.uk
10.22038/ijbms.2020.45134.10514
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Despite effective anticancer effects, the use of doxorubicin (DOX) is hindered due to its cardio and neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective effect of adrenomedullin (AM) was shown in several studies. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of AM against DOX-induced toxicity in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) neurons. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Rat embryonic DRG neurons were isolated and cultured. The effect of various concentrations of DOX (0.0 to 100 µM) in the absence or presence of AM (3.125 -100 nM) on cell death, apoptosis, oxidative stress, expression of tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α), interleukin1- β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 and 13, and SRY-related protein 9 (SOX9) were examined. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Based on MTT assay data, DOX decreased the viability of DRG neurons in a dose and time-dependent manner (IC50=6.88 µm) while dose-dependently, AM protected DRG neurons against DOX-induced cell death. Furthermore, results of annexin V apoptosis assay revealed the protective effects of AM (25 nm) against DOX (6.88 µM)-induced apoptosis and necrosis of DRG neurons. Also, AM significantly ameliorated DOX-induced oxidative stress in DRG neurons. Real-time PCR results showed a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, MMP 3, and MMP 13, and a decrease in the expression of SOX9 following treatment with DOX. Treatment with AM (25 nM) significantly reversed the effects of DOX on the above-mentioned genes expression.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Our findings suggest that AM can be considered a novel ameliorating drug against DOX-induced neurotoxicity.
Adrenomedullin,Dorsal root ganglia,Doxorubicin,Inflammation,Oxidative stress
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16126.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16126_69fda1a138908e99ebcdbb65842c292a.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
The effect of low dose amphetamine in rotenone-induced toxicity in a mice model of Parkinson’s disease
1207
1217
EN
Omar M.E.
Abdel-Salam
0000-0002-4450-1582
Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
omasalam@hotmail.com
Safaa M. Youssef
Morsy
Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
sfmetwally10@yahoo.com
Eman R.
Youness
0000-0002-6492-1680
Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
hoctober2000@yahoo.com
Noha N.
Yassen
Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
noha.nazeeh@gmail.com
Amany A.
Sleem
0000-0002-3258-1810
Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
amany1950@live.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.45175.10524
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The effects of low dose amphetamine on oxidative stress and rotenone-induced neurotoxicity and liver injury were examined in vivo in a mice model of Parkinson’s disease. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Male mice were treated with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, every other day for two weeks, subcutaneously). Mice received either the vehicle or amphetamine intraperitoneally at doses of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg. Oxidative stress was assessed by measurement of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in the brain and liver. In addition, brain concentrations of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tyrosine hydroxylase were determined and histopathology and Bax/Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry were performed. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The levels of lipid peroxidation and NO were increased and TAC and PON-1 were decreased significantly compared with vehicle-injected control mice. There were also significantly increased NF-κB and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain following rotenone administration. These changes were significantly attenuated by amphetamine. Rotenone caused neurodegenerative changes in the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. The liver showed degenerative changes in hepatocytes and infiltration of Kupffer cells. Bax/Bcl2 ratio was significantly increased in brain and liver tissues. Amphetamine prevented these histopathological changes and the increase in apoptosis evoked by rotenone.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> These results suggest that low dose amphetamine exerts anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, protects against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration, and could prevent neuronal cell degeneration in Parkinson’s disease.
Amphetamine Anti,oxidant capacity Neuroprotection Parkinson’s disease Reactive oxygen species Rotenone
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15835.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_15835_a59ad249287bda71516114396a67787e.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Effects of ethyl acetate extract of Salsola collina on brain-gut peptides and interstitial cells of gastric Cajal in rats with diabetic gastroparesis
1218
1224
EN
Xinling
Zhao
0000-0003-0380-535X
Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
7924376742@qq.com
Hongbo
Wang
0000-0001-7894-2012
Department of Gastroenterology surgery, Jimo People’s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
hongbor@126.com
Ziwei
Zhang
Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
884599603@qq.com
Hong
Jin
Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
81976686@qq.com
Yanling
Gong
https://orcid.org/00
Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
hanyu_ma@126.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.43521.10223
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Effects of ethyl acetate extract of Salsola collina (EES) on brain-gut peptides and interstitial cells of gastric Cajal in rats with diabetic gastroparesis were explored. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Rats were divided into six groups: normal control group (NC), diabetic gastroparesis model group (DGP), low, medium, and high dose of EES groups (LES, MES, and HES, respectively), and metoclopramide positive group (MPG). DGP rats were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-sugar-high-fat diet. The gastric emptying was measured by the phenol red labeling method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to determine the concentrations of serum ghrelin, gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The expressions of c-Kit and its natural ligand stem cell factor (SCF) in gastric tissues were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Gastric emptying rate increased in a different degree after intervention by EES, among which MES and HES groups showed a significant effect (compared with DGP, P<0.01) and the HES group was equivalent to the MPG group; serum ghrelin and content of serum GAS increased while SS and VIP decreased (compared with the DGP group, P<em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> EES significantly improved gastric emptying by regulating gastrointestinal hormone excretion and c-Kit/SCF signaling pathway. Our study provides a pharmacological basis for the use of the EES in the treatment of DGP. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains to be clarified.
Brain,gut peptides Cajal interstitial cells Diabetic gastroparesis Ethyl acetate extract Gastric motility Salsola collina
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16171.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16171_58f2faef52b2baf5c3131d7e9ad9974c.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Usnic acid improves memory impairment after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries by anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties
1225
1231
EN
Soheila
Erfani
0000-0001-5757-4361
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
sohailaerfani@gmail.com
Tahere
Valadbeigi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
tvaladbeigi@yahoo.com
Nahid
Aboutaleb
Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
dr.nabotaleb@gmail.com
Naser
Karimi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
nkarimie@yahoo.com
Ali
Moghimi
0000-0002-8361-7537
Rayan Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
moghimi@um.ac.ir
Mehdi
Khaksari
0000-0002-2240-1521
School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
khaksari417@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.43280.10165
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes complex pathological mechanisms that lead to brain tissue damage. Usnic acid is a lichen secondary metabolite that has many different biological properties including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of usnic acid on apoptotic cell death, neuroinflammation, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, and oxidative stress levels after transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups (sham, ischemia/reperfusion, and ischemia/reperfusion+usnic acid). Ischemia was induced by 20 min occlusion of common carotid arteries. Injection of usnic acid (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and saline was done at the beginning of reperfusion time. Morris water maze was applied to assess spatial memory. The protein expression amount was measured using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Spectrophotometric assay was performed to determine the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Usnic acid significantly reduced caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein-<br />positive and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1-positive cells (P<0.001) and enhanced spatial memory disorders (P<0.05) due to brain ischemia. In addition, treatment with usnic acid improves effects in the antioxidant system following cerebral ischemia (P<0.05).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Our findings indicate that usnic acid has neuroprotective properties, which possibly is applicable as a promising candidate for cerebral injuries caused by ischemia.
Apoptosis Cerebral ischemia Lichen secondary,metabolites Neuroinflammation Spatial memory
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16123.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16123_933e5c992fe494e5b5bd192a380224b1.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
The protective effect of glycyrrhizin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and possible related signal pathway
1232
1238
EN
Xiaoni
Kou
1506169232@qq.com
Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
1506169232@qq.com
Jiang
Zhu
liulei_yxk@163.com
Department of Galactophore, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
liulei_yxk@163.com
Xinke
Xie
Department of Hepatopathy, Affiliated hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
3288831346@qq.com
Mingxia
Hao
Department of Hepatopathy, Affiliated hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
mengzhijian_jzk@163.com
Yingren
Zhao
yingren_grk@163.com
Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
yingren_grk@163.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.44101.10334
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> To investigate the protective effect of glycyrrhizin (GL) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI).<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> </em>Forty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, HIRI group, GL 100 mg/kg group, and GL 200 mg/kg group. The pathological alterations of liver tissue in each group were observed. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), endothelin-1 (ET-l), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of cytoplasmic protein caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear protein Nrf2.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Compared with the HIRI group, the levels of AST, ALT, ET-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in GL groups were lower, serum NO content was higher, MDA content was lower, SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly increased, apoptosis index was lower (P<0.05), which was more obvious in high-dose GL (200 mg/kg) group. The LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin-1 protein expression levels in the GL group were significantly lower than the HIRI group, but the expression levels of cytoplasmic protein HO-1 and nuclear protein Nrf2 were significantly higher than those of the HIRI group, which was more obvious in the high-dose GL group (P<0.05).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> GL has a protective effect on the liver of HIRI rats, and its mechanism may be related to activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis.
Apoptosis,Glycyrrhizic acid,Inflammation,Liver,Oxidative stress,Reperfusion injury
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16169.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16169_d7d924c90c7b03802e6d73487c7e228f.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
23
9
2020
09
01
Dimethyl itaconate protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in mice
1239
1244
EN
Mingyue
Xu
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
xumingyue628@sina.com
Peng
Jiang
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
614635396@qq.com
Haowen
Sun
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
952986850@qq.com
Xin
Yuan
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
1159849775@qq.com
Siyuan
Gao
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
yinshui9917@163.com
Jian
Guo
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
471123562@qq.com
Caijun
Zhao
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
1714649430@qq.com
Xiaoyu
Hu
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
862682272@qq.com
Xueshibojie
Liu
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
liuxue123ll@163.com
Yunhe
Fu
fuyunhesky@sina.com
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People, Republic of China
fuyunhesky@sina.com
10.22038/ijbms.2020.44151.10346
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Endometritis is the inflammation of the uterine lining that is associated with infertility. It affects milk production and reproductive performance and leads to huge economic losses in dairy cows. Dimethyl itaconate (DI), a promising chemical agent, has recently been proved to have multiple health-promoting effects. However, the effects of DI on endometritis remain to be unknown. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of DI on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in mice. The endometritis was induced by LPS treatment for 24 hr, and DI was given 24 hr before induction of LPS.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> As a result, DI administered mice significantly suffered less impairment of uterine tissue and less recruitment of inflammatory cells than LPS administered mice. In addition, DI markedly inhibited uterine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) induced by LPS. Moreover, LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4/ nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) activation was suppressed by DI. In addition, the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) were upregulated by DI.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> These findings suggest that DI has anti-inflammatory functions in the LPS-induced mice and may be a therapeutic agent against endometritis.
Dimethyl itaconate Endometritis LPS NF,κB Nrf2 TLR4
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16170.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16170_7d23d74288e60f270a9a6fbb15ab0ea7.pdf