TY - JOUR ID - 16121 TI - Potential protective roles of phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: A review JO - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences JA - IJBMS LA - en SN - 2008-3866 AU - Afshari, Amir R. AU - Fanoudi, Sahar AU - Rajabian, Arezoo AU - Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza AU - Mollazadeh, Hamid AU - Hosseini, Azar AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran AD - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AD - Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Y1 - 2020 PY - 2020 VL - 23 IS - 9 SP - 1113 EP - 1123 KW - Excitotoxicity KW - Glutamate KW - Neurotransmitter KW - Neurodegenerative disorders KW - Phytochemicals DO - 10.22038/ijbms.2020.43687.10259 N2 - Glutamate, as an essential neurotransmitter, has been thought to have different roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including nerve regeneration, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis. Excessive glutamate causes an up-regulation of the multiple signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and autophagy that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases pathophysiology. There are numerous findings on curcumin, astaxanthin, thymoquinone, and berberine, as natural products, which have outstanding effects in cell signaling far beyond their anti-oxidant activity, considering as a potential therapeutic target for glutamate excitotoxicity. Herein, we address the role of glutamate as a potential target in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the protective effects of certain phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. UR - https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16121.html L1 - https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_16121_6603b8d1fa139ae09a726be3c3a187ae.pdf ER -