Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Depression was associated with apolipoprotein E ε4 allele polymorphism: A meta-analysis1121171208410.22038/ijbms.2018.30825.7436ENWei-wei WangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR China0000-0002-3847-9956Xiao-lei LiuThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR ChinaYe RuanMental Health Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR ChinaLin WangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR ChinaTianhao BaoThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR ChinaMental Health Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR ChinaJournal Article20180330<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Previous studies have reached different conclusions regarding an association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms and depression. This meta-analysis was designed to clarify these controversies. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Literatures were identified reviewing the national and international databases. The eligible articles for meta-analysis were determined by quality assessment and implementation of inclusion/exclusion criteria. This meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2 software. The odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated using a fixed effects model. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests were used to assess the publication bias. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> A total of nine studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified by performing a comprehensive search on the association between APOE polymorphisms and depression. APOE ε4 allele was significantly associated with depression (allele: OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.11-1.66, P=0.003; dominant: OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.06-1.68, P=0.001; recessive: OR= 1.11, 95%CI =0.45-2.76, P=0.82). HAMD scores were higher in depression patients with-APOE ε4 genotype than who without-APOE ε4 genotype (OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.16-1.76, P=0.02). <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> APOE ε4 allele increased the depression risk; depressive patients carrying APOE ε4 allele had more severe depressive symptoms.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Prevalence of integron classes in Gram-negative clinical isolated bacteria in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis1181271191710.22038/ijbms.2018.32052.7697ENAli PormohammadStudent Research Committee, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1309-7679Ramin PouriranSchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHadi AzimiEnglish Language Teaching Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMehdi GoudarziDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6720-9341Journal Article20180520<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Integrons, as a potential element in the distribution and maintenance of drug resistance, have thoroughly been established. It is known that the high prevalence of integrons in multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates has become a serious public health concern. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of different classes of integrons in clinical isolates in Iran. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Electronic global databases were systematically searched. The raw data for integrons among bacterial isolates were collected and their prevalence was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA) software. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> In a comprehensive literature review, 29 eligible studies were determined with their meta-analyses indicating the prevalence of integron class 1 to be 41% (95% CI 36.3-46.1) and integron class 2 as 17.7% (95% CI 13-23.3) in Gram-negative bacteria. The highest prevalence of integron class 1 was reported in Acinetobacter spp (58%) while the highest prevalence of integron class 2 was reported in Shigella isolates (83.7%). The frequencies of class 1 integron in MDR (79%) and non-MDR isolates (41%) were higher than those for class 2 integron in MDR (13.4%) and non-MDR isolates (17.7%). <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> The current systematic review demonstrated the significant presence of integrons among clinical isolates. Our analysis showed that measures such as estimates of the prevalence of this transposable element and diligence in continued surveillance might be necessary to prevent its spread.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Extremely low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields affect proangiogenic-related gene expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells1281331201110.22038/ijbms.2018.25023.6214ENMorteza OladnabiStem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranIschemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran0000-0001-7037-5084Abouzar BagheriDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMozhgan Rezaei KanaviTissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAbbas AzadmehrImmunology Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranAnvarsadat KianmehrMedical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran0000-0001-5604-1870Journal Article20170718<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> It is known that extremely low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF) influence multiple cellular and molecular processes. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have a significant part in the emergence and pathophysiology of several ocular disorders, such as neovascularization. This study assessed the impact of ELF-PEMF on the proangiogenic features of RPE cells. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Primary cultured RPE cells were treated with ELF-PEMF (50 Hz) for three days. Using ELISA assay, we evaluated the effects of treatment on RPE cell proliferation and apoptosis. Also, RT-PCR was used to determine the gene expression of proangiogenic factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factors receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α), VEGFA, cathepsin D, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), E2F3, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> No noticeable changes were observed in cell proliferation and cell death of ELF-PEMF-exposed RPE cells, while transcript levels of proangiogenic genes (HIF-1α, VEGFA, VEGFR-2, CTGF, cathepsin D, TIMP-1, E2F3, MMP-2, and MMP-9) increased significantly.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> RPE cells are important for homeostasis of the retina. ELF-PEMF increased the gene expression of proangiogenic factors in RPE cells, which highlights concerns about the impact of this treatment on human health.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Expansion of a highly sensitive and specific ELISA test for diagnosis of hydatidosis using recombinant EgB8/2 protein1341391205210.22038/ijbms.2018.29024.7021ENSareh BashiriDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2685-2124Fahimeh Nemati MansoorDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3921-4682Zarrintaj ValadkhaniDepartment of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9007-4542Journal Article20180113<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Hydatidosis is a zoonotic infection and endemic in Iran. Due to the serological cross-reactivity (of sera) with other parasitic infection, diagnosis of hydatid cyst is considered to be problematic. In this regard, application of recombinant antigens improves serological diagnosis for human hydatidosis. Here, we present an ELISA test based on B8/2 recombinant antigen of Echinococcus granulosus with particular regard to its capability to diagnose human hydatidosis.<br /> <em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> The synthesized E. granulosus B8/2 (EgB8/2) gene was sub-cloned into pET28b (+) plasmid. Nde1 and Hind3 restriction enzymes were used to confirm the recombinant plasmid extraction. Cloning was verified by colony PCR, digestion enzymes, and sequence determination methods. To express rtEgB8/2, strains of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS and Rosetta (DE3) were induced with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). A Ni-NTA column was used for purification, and the expressed protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE as well as western blotting. ELISA test was used to identify the antigenicity of produced protein.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The presence of EgB8/2 gene fragment in the recombinant plasmid was confirmed. SDS-PAGE showed that the BL21 (DE3) pLysS strain had the highest level of expression and a protein band of 11 kDa was observed in induced bacteria. Western blotting approved the purity of rtEgB8/2 protein, and ELISA test measured sensitivity and specificity as 95% and 97.5%, respectively.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> E. granulosus metacestode contains a high amount of antigen B protein. These results confirm the reproducibility of high-quality rtEgB8/2 recombinant antigen as a reliable candidate in serological test.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Oral administration of Ginkgolide B alleviates hypoxia-induced neuronal damage in rat hippocampus by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis1401451191410.22038/ijbms.2018.26228.6569ENWang LiClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaShi QinghaiClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaLi KaiClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaMa XueClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Changji State People’s Hospital, Changji, Xinjiang, ChinaNiu LiliClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaRan JihuaClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaLiu ZhengxiangClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaLi XiaolingClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaGe DiClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaYang QiClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaDeng MengyunClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, ChinaFu JianfengClinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China0000-0001-6141-5240Journal Article20171012<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The aim of this study is to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of Ginkgolide B (GB), a main terpene lactone and active component in Ginkgo biloba, in hypoxia-induced neuronal damage, and to further investigate its possible mechanisms.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the untreated control group (n=18); the hypoxia group (n=18; exposed to 6000 m simulated plateau altitude for six days); and the GB group (n=18; intragastric administration of 12 mg/kg GB three days prior to rapid adaption to 6000 m and on the first two days of hypoxia). After hypoxia exposure for six days, we dissected out the brain hippocampi and performed hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, and TUNEL staining. Homogenates of the hippocampi were used to test the oxidative stress indices including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase. Bax and caspase-3 expression in the hippocampal tissue was measured using qRT-PCR.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong> </em>Treatment with GB before exposure to hypoxia could protect neural cells and increase the number of Nissl bodies. TUNEL and qRT-PCR results demonstrated that GB treatment could decrease apoptotic cells in different areas of the hippocampus. Antioxidant defense systems such as SOD, GSH, and catalase were decreased (P<0.05), and the concentration of MDA was reduced significantly in the hippocampi of rats of the GB group (P<0.05).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> GB could alleviate hypoxia-induced neuronal damage in rat hippocampus by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Evaluation of synergistic therapeutic effect of shark cartilage extract with artemisinin and glucantime on visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice1461531181710.22038/ijbms.2018.31124.7504ENSoheila MolaieDepartment of Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranDeputy of Research, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran0000-0001-9262-4504Fatemeh GhafarifarDepartment of Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0891-8214Abdolhossein DalimiDepartment of Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5591-5513Zoheir HassanDepartment of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9197-1416Zohreh SharifiDepartment of Virology, Iranian Blood Transfusion, Tehran, Iran0000.0001-6297-7656Journal Article20180415<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Because leishmaniasis is related to the impaired functioning of T-cells, the use of an immunomodulator can increase the efficacy of antileishmanial therapy in visceral leishmaniasis. In this study, we used shark cartilage extract with artemisinin and glucantime against visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice, and evaluated the synergistic therapeutic effect. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> The culturing method and quantitative real-time PCR by using the kDNA gene was used to detect parasite loads in the spleen and liver. INF-γ and IL-4 cytokine levels and survival rates were assayed.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The drug therapy with target drugs reduced parasite burden in the spleen and liver significantly. Although parasite burden was lower in the artemisinin treated group than in the glucantime treated group (P<0.05). The mice survival rate records, throughout the experimental period, showed highly significant survival rates in the test groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The results of cytokine assay in mice treated with glucantime-shark cartilage extract combination indicated significant increases of IFNγ and IL-4 (P<0.05). Although the increase of IFNγ was more notable than IL-4. The synergistic therapeutic effect is shown in all groups except in the group treated with shark cartilage extract-artemisinin combination. The IFN-γ in glucantime-shark cartilage extract combination treated group was higher than in other groups (P<0.05). The survival rate in this group was more than in other groups too (P<0.05).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Combination therapy with shark cartilage extract as an immunomodulator can increase antileishmanial effects of antimony drugs in VL treatment.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Effect of berberine chloride on caspase-3 dependent apoptosis and antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus of the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model1541591191610.22038/ijbms.2018.31225.7534ENZeynab PirmoradiNeurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0003-3085-2231Maryam YadegariDeptartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranAli MoradiDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranFatemeh KhojastehNeuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFatemeh Zare MehrjerdiNeurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0002-5702-2038Journal Article20180418<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The main goal of the current research was to examine the effects of Berberine (BBR) on apoptotic signaling and hippocampal oxidative stress induced by common carotid artery occlusion.<br /> <em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model was created by occluding the two common carotid arteries (two-vessel occlusion [2VO]) permanently. BBR (50 and 100 mg/kg/daily) was intra-gastrically administered to ischemic rats. Neuronal survival was evaluated by Nissl staining. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with the activities of caspase 3 were estimated in the hippocampus 2 month after treating the rats with 2VO.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> According to findings of the present research, the BBR therapy inhibited the neuro-degeneration of hippocampus. BBR also significantly decreased the amount of MDA and activity of caspase 3 in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the administration of BBR alleviated the lowered activities of SOD and CAT after 2VO surgery.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong> </em>The antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of BBR might play important roles in improving functional outcomes and might have significant neuroprotective effects on the CCH damage.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Tanshinone IIA attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma1601651201310.22038/ijbms.2018.30598.7375ENShi-Biao WangDepartment of Pediatric, Fujian Provincial Meternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China0000-0002-5494-4635Xiao-Feng GuoDepartment of Pediatric, Fujian Provincial Meternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China0000-0003-0995-3433Bin WengDepartment of Pediatric, Fujian Provincial Meternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, ChinaSu-Ping TangDepartment of Allergy, Fuzhou Children’s Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, ChinaHui-Jie ZhangDepartment of Pediatric, Fujian Provincial Meternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, ChinaJournal Article20180315<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Tanshinone IIA (T. IIA), one of the most pharmacologically active components extracted from Salviae miltiorrhiza, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant features. The aim of the present study is to investigate the benefit of T. IIA on asthma using a murine model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Male BALB/c mice were used in the present study. The mice were sensitized by OVA intraperitoneal injection on days 0 and 14, and received aerosolized OVA challenge for 30 min daily on days 21-23Results: T. T. IIA (10 mg/kg twice daily) intraperitoneal injection was performed on days 18-23. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Treatment of T. IIA reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (P<em><strong>Conclusion:</strong> </em>T. IIA inhibits OVA-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. T. IIA is a potential therapeutic agent for asthma.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Human chorionic gonadotropin attenuates amyloid-β plaques induced by streptozotocin in the rat brain by affecting cytochrome c-ir neuron density1661721204110.22038/ijbms.2018.31412.7569ENEmsehgol NikmahzarNeuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran0000-0003-3454-4332Mehrdad JahanshahiNeuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran0000-0001-8845-6018Leila ElyasiNeuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranMohsen SaeidiStem Cell Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranFatemeh BabakordiNeuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranGozal BahlakehNeuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranJournal Article20180425<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Amyloid β plaques, in Alzheimer’s disease, are deposits in different areas of the brain such as prefrontal cortex, molecular layer of the cerebellum, and the hippocampal formation. Amyloid β aggregates lead to the release of cytochrome c and finally neuronal cell death in brain tissue. hCG has critical roles in brain development, neuron differentiation, and function. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hCG on the density of the congophilic Aβ plaque and cytochrome c-ir neurons in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum of Streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Alzheimer model in rats (except the control group) was induced by streptozotocin (3 mg/kg, Intracerebroventricularly (ICV)). Experimental group rats received streptozotocin and then different doses of hCG (50, 100, and 200 IU, intraperitoneally) for 3 days. 48 hr after last drug injection and after histological processing, the brain sections were stained by congo red for congophilic amyloid β plaques and cytochrome c in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum were immunohistochemically stained. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Density of congophilic Aβ plaques and cytochrome c-immunoreactive neurons was significantly higher in ICV STZ treated rats than controls. Treatment with three doses of hCG significantly decreased the density of congophilic Aβ plaques and cytochrome c-immunoreactive neurons in the rat hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum in ICV STZ-treated rats (P<0.05).<br /> <em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> hCG can be useful in AD patients to prevent the congophilic Aβ plaque formation and decrease cytochrome c-immunoreactive neuron density in the brain.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Gene co-expression network analysis identifies BRCC3 as a key regulator in osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts through a β-catenin signaling dependent pathway1731781209910.22038/ijbms.2018.29498.7123ENLixiong CaiDepartment of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, ChinaZhiqian HuoDepartment of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, China0000-0003-4632-0205Haiyun YangDepartment of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, ChinaFengchun HeDepartment of Spine Osteopathy, Nanhai Hospital of Southen Medical University, Foshan 528000, ChinaZhenglin CaoDepartment of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, ChinaFeng WuDepartment of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, ChinaLianjun LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology Myopia Treatment, Foshan Aier Eye Hospital, Foshan 528000, ChinaBingyin SunDepartment of Orthopaedics, Foshan Jiangxiang Hospital, Foshan 528200, ChinaJournal Article20180129<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The prognosis of osteoporosis is very poor, and it is very important to identify a biomarker for prevention of osteoporosis. In this study, we aimed to identify candidate markers in osteoporosis and to investigate the role of candidate markers in osteogenic differentiation. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network analysis, we identified three hub genes might associate with osteoporosis. The mRNA expression of hub genes in osteoblasts from osteoporosis patients or healthy donor was detected by qRT-PCR. Using siRNA and overexpression, we investigated the role of hub gene BRCC3 in osteogenic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin red staining. Moreover, the role of β-catenin signaling in the osteogenic differentiation was detected by using β-catenin signaling inhibitor XAV939.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> We identified three hub genes that might associate with osteoporosis including BRCC3, UBE2N, and UBE2K. UBE2N mRNA and UBE2K mRNA were not changed in osteoblasts isolated from osteoporosis patients, compared with healthy donors, whereas BRCC3 mRNA was significantly increased. Depletion of BRCC3 promoted the activation of alkaline phosphatase and formation of calcified nodules in osteoblasts isolated from osteoporosis patients and up-regulated β-catenin expression. XAV939 reversed the BRCC3 siRNA-induced osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, inhibited osteogenic differentiation was also observed after BACC3 overexpression, and this was accompanied by decreased β-catenin expression.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> BRCC3 is an important regulator for osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts through β-catenin signaling, and it might be a promising target for osteoporosis treatment.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Tangeretin protects renal tubular epithelial cells against experimental cisplatin toxicity1791861180510.22038/ijbms.2018.32010.7691ENSaeed Nazari Soltan AhmadDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranBiotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-6831-7624Nadereh RashtchizadehBiotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0003- 2878-3847Hassan ArganiUrology and Nephrology Research Center, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranLeila RoshangarStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-6203-8683Amir Ghorbani HaghjoBiotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-9653-0302Davoud SanajouDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-1619-639XFatemeh PanahDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranZahra Ashrafi JighehDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-7205-8127Siavoush DastmalchiBiotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-9427-0770Ashkan Kalantary-CharvadehDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20180519<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic agent; its clinical utility, however, is limited by a few salient toxic side effects like nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effects of tangeretin, a citrus-derived flavonoid, against renal tubular cell injury in cisplatin-induced renal toxicity of rats.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Tangeretin was injected intraperitoneally at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg doses for 10 days, and a single dose of cisplatin (8 mg/kg) was injected on the 7th day. Tests of kidney function and tubular injury in renal tissues and urine together with oxidative stress and inflammation markers were examined.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Tangeretin ameliorated cisplatin-induced elevations in serum creatinine, BUN, and histopathologic changes. It also attenuated kidney oxidative stress elicited by cisplatin as demonstrated by reduced MDA and increased GSH, CAT, and SOD activities, elevated Nrf2 expression and protein levels of its downstream effectors, HO-1 and NQO-1. Tangeretin further alleviated inflammation evoked by cisplatin as indicated by reduced NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation with a simultaneous decrement in its downstream effectors IL-1β and TNF-α expression and protein levels. Moreover, it declined caspase-3 protein levels and TUNEL positive cells in the kidneys, the markers of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation, thus improving renal endurance. Additionally, tangeretin mitigated renal levels of KIM-1 and NGAL, as well as urinary cystatin C and β2-microglobulin concentrations, the markers of renal tubular injury.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Collectively, these data signify the binary profit of tangeretin: enhancement of renal protective mechanisms against cisplatin and attenuation of renal tubular cell injuries induced by the agent.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Methanolic leaf extract of Punica granatum attenuates ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in Wistar rats: Potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms1871961201210.22038/ijbms.2018.30660.7389ENGollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry ViswanathaResearch Scholar, JNT University Anantapur, Ananthapuramu 515002, India0000-0002-9944-4888Marikunte Venkatanarasappa VenkatarangannaConnexios Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Basavanagudi, Bangalore 560 004, IndiaNunna Bheema Lingeswara PrasadOil Technological and Pharmaceutical Research Institute (OTPRI), JNT University Anantapur, Ananthapuramu 515 002, IndiaJournal Article20180317<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> This study was conducted to evaluate the cerebroprotective effect of methanolic leaf extract of Punica granatum (MePG) in Wistar rats.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> The MePG was initially assessed for in vitro antioxidant activity, and later evaluated on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell line assay. Finally, the MePG was evaluated against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced brain injury in Wistar rats.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> In DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays, the MePG has exhibited potent antioxidant activity. Further, the MePG has significantly inhibited the generation of nitrite, ROS and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell lines. Besides, global ischemia followed by reperfusion caused significant changes in the neurological and behavioral functions in I/R control animals compared to sham control. Additionally, in the I/R control group there was a substantial decrease in the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities; Likewise, reduced glutathione levels reduced and lipid peroxidation levels enhanced significantly. Also, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-I were increased and the levels of IL-10 was decreased significantly. Furthermore, the I/R insult caused increase in brain volume and cerebral infarct formation. Similarly, histopathology of the brain tissue revealed hallmarks like necrosis, leukocyte infiltration, cerebral edema and vascular congestion in I/R control. Notably, MePG (200 and 400 mg/kg) pretreatment for 7 days, has attenuated all the I/R-persuaded pathological changes compared to I/R control. In addition, the LC-MS/MS analysis showed presence of acteoside, apigenin, gallic acid, gossypin, pentagalloyl glucose, quercetin, and rutin as major ingredients in the MePG.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> These findings suggest that the MePG possesses significant cerebroprotective activity.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Troxerutin affects the male fertility in prepubertal type 1 diabetic male rats1972051202810.22038/ijbms.2018.32678.7814ENZohreh Zavvari OskuyeDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-1667-1082Fariba Mirzaie BavilDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-5784-5691Gholamreza HamidianDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-8200-7243Keivan MehriDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-9922-4666Afsaneh QadiriDepartment of physiology, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranMahdi AhmadiTuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-0774-9378Hajar OgbaeiDepartment of physiology, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranAmir Mansour VatankhahDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranRana KeyhanmaneshDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-6941-2690Journal Article20180612<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Diabetes can gradually cause damage to the function and structure of male gonads. This survey was conducted to investigate the effect of troxerutin on hormonal changes, serum oxidative stress indices, and testicular function and structure in prepubertal diabetic rats.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Fifty prepubertal (6 weeks old) male Wistar rats were divided into five groups including Control, Troxerutin, Diabetic, Diabetic+Troxerutin, and Diabetic+Insulin. Type I diabetes was induced by 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The groups were treated with 150 mg/kg/day troxerutin via oral gavage or 4-6 IU/day insulin via subcutaneous injection for 4 consecutive weeks. Blood sugar (BS) and serum levels of insulin, FSH, LH, testosterone, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were analyzed. Testis and epididymis were removed for histopathologic study and analysis of sperm parameters.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Troxerutin significantly reduced the BS in the diabetic group similar to insulin but could not affect insulin, FSH, or LH significantly. Troxerutin caused a significant increase in testosterone and GPX but had no significant effect on serum MDA, TAC, and SOD levels. In addition, troxerutin had a better effect than insulin on diabetes-induced testicular structural damage. Sperm analysis results also revealed that troxerutin and insulin could improve sperm number, motility, and viability in diabetic rats.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> According to these results, it can be derived that administration of troxerutin is a suitable protective strategy for side effects of diabetes in testis of prepubertal diabetic male rats.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Cocoa administration may accelerate orthodontic tooth movement by inducing osteoclastogenesis in rats2062101204210.22038/ijbms.2018.32967.7881ENAnanto AlhasyimiDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia0000-0002-1402-4543Niswati RosyidaDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia0000-0003-1979-4229Journal Article20180626<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> To investigate the effect of cocoa on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rate, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ β ligand (RANKL) levels after OTM.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study. They were equally divided into two groups: cocoa and control. The upper incisors of all rats were subjected to 35 cN orthodontic force and moved distally with a stainless steel 3-spin coil spring. During OTM, the cocoa group was given 4.8 g of unsweetened cocoa once a day. At 4 subsequent time points (0, 1, 7, and 14 days), the OTM rate was determined by measuring the distance between the mesial tips using a digital caliper, while OPG and RANKL levels were examined based on their gingival crevicular fluid through specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data gathered were analyzed through independent t-test (P<0.05).<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The OTM rate of the cocoa group was significantly higher than that of the control group on days 1, 7, and 14 (P<0.05). ELISA analysis revealed that the OPG level was significantly lower on day 14. Furthermore, the RANKL level was significantly higher on days 0, 1, and 7 for the cocoa group compared with the control group (P<0.05).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> These results indicate that cocoa has the potential effect to modulate the OTM rate by inducing osteoclastogenesis, which suppresses the OPG level and stimulates the RANKL level, in rats.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622220190201Comparative virulotyping and phylogenomics of Escherichia coli isolates from urine samples of men and women suffering urinary tract infections2112141191510.22038/ijbms.2018.28360.6880ENHamid StajiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0003-3406-7361Maryam RassouliDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0003-0390-1616Samaneh JourablouGraduated student (DVM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20171212<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Escherichia coli strains are common pathogens that can cause urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to assess E. coli phylogroups and virulence types in male and female UTI patients.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> In the present study, 160 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates (from both sexes) were assigned to phylogroups/types and some extraintestinal virulence factors were detected within them by multiplex-PCR.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The isolates from women and men were predominantly distributed within phylogroup B2 and D, respectively. The presence of D2 phylotype was higher in men isolates than women, significantly (P=0.045). In male isolates papEF and sfa/focDE are more prevalent in B2 group than D, significantly (P=0.048; P=0.035). The prevalence of hly in B2 group is significantly higher than D (P=0.034) in female isolates.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> This study highlighted different features of E. coli genotypes from phylogenetic and virulence point of view implicated in UTI’s in both human genders.