Pharmacological Effects of Rosa Damascena
mohammad Hossein
Boskabady
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohammad Naser
Shafei
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Zahra
Saberi
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Somayeh
Amini
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Rosa damascena mill L., known as Gole Mohammadi in Iran is one of the most important species of Rosaceae family flowers. R. damascena is an ornamental plant and beside perfuming effect, several pharmacological properties including anti-HIV, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitussive, hypnotic, antidiabetic, and relaxant effect on tracheal chains have been reported for this plant. This article is a comprehensive review on pharmacological effects of R. damascena.
Online literature searches were performed using Medline, Pubmed, Iran medex, Scopus, and Google Scholar websites backed to 1972 to identify researches about R. damascena. Searches also were done by going through the author's files and the bibliographies of all located papers.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
295
307
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5018_442bf7736746c5f19396195e98656c9a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5018
“Silymarin”, a Promising Pharmacological Agent for Treatment of Diseases
Gholamreza
Karimi
Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Maryam
Vahabzadeh
Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Parisa
Lari
Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Marziyeh
Rashedinia
Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohammad
Moshiri
Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Widespread use of herbal drugs because of their protective effects on different organs toxicity has been shown in many studies. These protective effects have been illustrated in the fields of nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, viral hepatitis, cancer, in vitro fertilization, neurotoxicity, depression, lung diseases, prostate diseases etc. Silymarin has cytoprotection activities due to its antioxidant activity and radical scavenging. The possible known mechanisms of action of silymarin protection are blockade and adjustment of cell transporters, p-glycoprotein, estrogenic and nuclear receptors. Moreover, silymarin anti-inflammatory effects through reduction of TNF-a, protective effects on erythrocyte lysis and cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity have been indicated in some studies. Silymarin has also inhibited apoptosis and follicular development in patients undergoing IVF. Basis on such data, silymarin can be served as a novel medication in complementary medicine.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
308
317
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5019_9f4b2a7750305bcfcc1ca3d2902468b7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5019
Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Indigofera tinctoria on Chemically-Induced Seizures and Brain GABA Levels in Albino Rats
Asuntha
Garbhapu
Department of Pharmacy, SPW Polytechnic, Tirupati – 517 502, India
author
Prasannaraju
Yalavarthi
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
author
Prasad
Koganti
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (A Women’s University), Tirupati -
517 502, India
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
Indigofera tinctoria Linn. of Fabaceae family is claimed to be useful to control epileptic seizures in the Indian system of folkore medicine. This study was designed to evaluate I. tinctoria and to verify the claim. Materials and Methods
Seizures were induced in male albino rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). The test group animals were administered ethanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria (EEIT) orally. The time of onset and duration of clonic convulsions were recorded. Maximal electroshock seizures (MES) were induced in animals. The duration of hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) was recorded. GABA levels and GABA transaminase activity in brain were estimated.
Results
In PTZ model, EEIT significantly (P< 0.01, P< 0.001) delayed the onset of convulsions and reduced the duration of seizures in a dose dependent manner. A significant (P< 0.05) reduction in the duration of HLTE at higher doses of EEIT was observed in MES model. Increase in brain GABA levels was observed on treatment with EEIT at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses, suggested that the plant may be acting by facilitating GABAergic transmission. A significant reduction (P< 0.05) in the activity of brain GABA transaminase was observed at higher doses. No neurotoxic signs were observed with rotarod test, pentobarbital induced sleeping time, locomotor activity and haloperidol-induced catalepsy.
Conclusion
The ethanolic extract of I. tinctoria was found to be useful to control and treat the variety of seizures.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
318
326
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5020_35072c9dc604b07648439098873c32db.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5020
Combination of Stem Cell Mobilized by Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor and Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Stem Cell: Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
Mehrdad
Bakhtiary
Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohsen
Marzban
Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mehdi
Mehdizadeh
Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad Taghi
Joghataei
Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Samideh
Khoei
Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mahdi
Tondar
Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
author
Vahid
Pirhajati Mahabadi
Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
author
Bahareh
Laribi
Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Asghar
Ebrahimi
Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
author
Seyed Jafar
Hashemian
Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
author
Navid
Modiry
Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
author
Soraya
Mehrabi
Department of physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
Clinical studies of treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) with autologous adult stem cells led us to examine the impression of a combination therapy. This was performed by intravenous injection of human umbilical cord matrix stem cell (hUCMSC-Wharton,s jelly stem cell) with bone marrow cell mobilized by granulocytecolony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in rats injured with cortical compact device.
Materials and Methods
Adult male Wistar rats (n= 50) were injured with controlled cortical impact device and divided into five groups. All injections were performed 1 day after injury into the tail veins of rats. Neurological functional evaluation of animals was performed before and after injury using modified neurological severity scores (mNSS). Animals were sacrificed 42 days after TBI and brain sections were stained by Brdu immunohistochemistry.
Results
Statistically significant improvement in functional outcome was observed in treatment groups when compared with control (P< 0.01). mNSS showed no significant differences among the hUCMSC and G-CSF treated groups at any time point (end of trial). Rats with hUCMSC + G-CSF treatment had a significant improvement on mNSS at 5 and 6 week compared to other treatment group (P< 0.01).
Conclusion
Histological analysis in G-CSF+ hUCMSC treated traumatic rats exhibited significant increase in numbers of Brdu immunoreactive cells in their traumatic core compared with other labeled group.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
327
339
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5021_369a10d60dd37cda5ed64f42e12f7442.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5021
A Comparative Study upon the Therapeutic Indices of Some Natural and Synthetic Anti-inflammatory Agents
Ali
Khodadadi
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mohammad Hassan
Pipelzadeh
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Nasrin
Aghel
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Majid
Esmaeilian
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Iman
Zali
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
The aim of the present study was to compare the therapeutic indices of several agents used in treatment of inflammatory conditions which included: Vitamin E, hydro-alcoholic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Matricaria aurea, dexamethasone, piroxicam and diclofenac using Wehi-164 fibrosarcoma cells.
Materials and Methods
Cytotoxicity evaluation was based on vital dye exclusion assay. Matrix-metalloproteinases inhibition (MMPI) was assessed by gelatinase zymography method. The collected data were used to estimate the IC50 (50% MMPI concentration), LC50 (50% cytotoxicity concentration) and the therapeutic index (LC50/IC50).
Results
Among the natural anti-inflammatory agents used, M. aurea was the least toxic and the most effective inhibitor of MMP. Vitamin E not only increased MMP activity, but also was the most toxic of all the agents tested. Next in terms of toxicity to vitamin E was G. glabra. Diclofenac was more toxic than both piroxicam and dexamethasone.
Conclusion
Findings from this study suggest that medicinal plants reputed to have anti-inflammatory properties are not equally effective and safe. In order to assess the implications of these findings, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
340
348
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5022_9025b61efb2144637f8680ca03236cb5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5022
Immunolocalization of Galectin-3 in Mouse Testicular Tissue
Layasadat
Khorsandi
Cell & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,
Iran
author
Mahmoud
Orazizadeh
Cell & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,
Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a member of the B-galactoside-binding lectins which is expressed in a variety of tissues and plays a role in diverse biological events, such as embryogenesis, adhesion, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. In this study, the presence and distribution of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in the mouse testicular tissue was investigated.
Materials and Methods
Eight adult NMRI mice were used in this study. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation under ether anesthesia. The testes were excised, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. H-score, a semi-quantitative method, was used for scaling the immunostaining.
Results
Positive immunoreactivity to Gal-3 was detected in the connective tissues of the interstitium, Leydig cells and presumably peritubular myoid cells. Seminiferous tubules showed immuno-positive reaction in a stage dependent manner. Stages I-III and IX-XII of spermatogenic cycle showed mild immunostaining, while moderate immunostaining was observed at stages IV-VI. Highest immunoreactivity was observed at stages VII-VIII. H-score assessment showed a significant increase in stages of VII-VIII in comparison to other stages (P< 0.05).
Conclusion
Expression of Gal-3 in interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules indicated that this protein probably has multifunctional roles in the mouse testicular tissue.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
349
353
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5023_365a8b65db85530b9d2cda0a0447aa65.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5023
Isolation and Phenotyping of Normal Mouse Liver Dendritic Cells by an Improved Method
Ghasem
Mosayebi
Molecular and Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
author
Sayyed Mohammad
Moazzeni
Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Introduction
Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived cells, which migrate to lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs via blood. Liver DCs are believed to play an important role in the regulation of hepatic allograft acceptance. However, because of inherent difficulties in isolating adequate numbers of DCs from liver, limited information is available on the phenotype and functions of liver DCs. To address this issue, we isolated DCs from normal C57BL/6 mouse liver using a modified procedure and described their immunophenotypic characteristics.
Materials and Methods
Non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) were obtained by collagenase digestion of perfused liver fragments and density gradient centrifugation (14.5% nycodenz column). After overnight (18 hr) incubation of the NPCs, enrichment for transiently adherent, low- density cells on 13% nycodenz gradients permitted the recovery of low numbers of cells (approximately 1.2-1.5 x 105 per liver), many of which displayed distinct DCs morphology (abundant cytoplasm with prominent projections and irregularly shaped nuclei).
Results
Flowcytometric analysis revealed that most of these cells were recognized by anti-CD11c (60-70%). The results obtained from double staining with PE and FITC conjugated monoclonal antibodies indicated that these cells were CD11c+/MHC-II+ (53%), CD11c+/CD86+ (53.5%), CD11c+/ CD8a+ (36%) and CD11c+/CD11b+ (45%).
Conclusion
These findings indicate that the purity of DCs isolated by nycodenz gradient is higher than other reported methods. Considering the similar ratio of lymphoid (CD11c+/CD8a+) and myeloid (CD11c+/CD11b+) DCs in the liver, and the known role of lymphoid DCs in tolerance induction, it seems that this subpopulation of DCs is not the main reason of liver tolerogenecity. Therefore, other factors such as the immaturity of liver DCs or the effect of liver microenvironment on these cells, etc. may explain the acceptance of hepatic allograft.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
354
360
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5024_556456fae2672e8a07568da41642e0bc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5024
Determination of Methanol Concentrations in Traditional Herbal Waters of Different Brands in Iran
Seyed Reza
Mousavi
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohssen
Namaei-Ghassemi
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Massomeh
Layegh
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Monavar
AfzalAghaee
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Manssoreh
vafaee
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Gholamali
Zare
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Toktam
Moghiman
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mahdi
Balali Mood
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
Herbal waters are extensively used in most parts of Iran including Mashhad. Visiting a patient with total blindness due to daily ingestion of around 200 ml of herbal water (Plant forty water) per day for six months was the rational for methanol determination in all herbal waters available in Mashhad markets.
Materials and Methods
A total of two hundred and nineteen bottles of herbal waters were randomly bought from Mashhad market. Methanol concentration was determined by gas chromatography, using a Flame Ionized Detector. Benzene (1000 mg/l) was applied as the internal standard. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5), using appropriate descriptive statistical tests.
Results
Forty six different herbal waters from three main producing factories (A, B and C) were tested. Highest methanol concentration was measured in dill water of A (1208±202.74 mg/l), concentrated rose water of A (1017.41±59.68 mg/l) and concentrated rose water of B (978.52±92.81 mg/l). Lowest methanol concentration was determined in Trachyspermum copticum water of B (18.93±1.04 mg/l), cinnamon and ginger water of B (29.64±10.88 mg/l) and rice skin water of A (41.33±7.85 mg/l). Mean methanol concentrations of herbal waters including ginger, cinnamon, dill, peppermint, alfalfa, and plant forty from A, B and C were 374.69, 209.81 and 280.12 mg/l, respectively (P< 0.001).
Conclusion
Methanol concentration in all herbal waters, especially rose water of the three producers was very high that may induce toxicity in people taking these products regularly for a long time.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
361
368
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5025_e31ec4961db9d1173ee645c99b7afd97.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5025
Expression Cloning of Recombinant Escherichia coli lacZ Genes Encoding Cytoplasmic and Nuclear P-galactosidase Variants
Homayoun
Naderian
Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
author
Zahra
Rezvani
Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
author
Mohammad Ali
Atlasi
Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
author
Hossein
Nikzad
Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
author
Antoine
AF de Vries
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
Nonviral vector can be an attractive alternative to gene delivery in experimental study. In spite of some advantages in comparison with the viral vectors, there are still some limitations for efficiency of gene delivery in nonviral vectors. To determine the effective expression, the recombinant Escherichia coli lacZ genes were cloned into the different variants of pcDNA3.1 and then the mammalian cells were transfected.
Methods and Materials
The coding sequences of cytoplasmic and nuclear variants of lacZ gene were inserted downstream of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter of plasmid pcDNA3.1/myc-His C. The new cytoplasmic and nuclear constricts of E. coli p-galactosidase-coding sequences were introduced into HeLa cells with the aid of linear polyethylenimine and at 2 days post-transfection the cells were stained using 5- bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-P-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal).
Results
Restriction enzyme analyses revealed the proper insertion of E. coli p-galactosidase-coding sequences into the multiple cloning site of pcDNA3.1/myc-His C. The functionality of the resulting constructs designated pcDNA3.1-cyt.lacZ and pcDNA3.1-nls.lacZ(+) was confirmed by X-gal staining of HeLa cells transfected with these recombinant plasmids. While pcDNA3.1-cyt.lacZ directed the synthesis of cytoplasmically located p-galactosidase molecules, the p-galactosidase protein encoded by pcDNA3.1-nls.lacZ(+) was predominantly detected in the cell nucleus.
Conclusion
The expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear variant of LacZ gene confirmed the ability of pcDNA3.1 as versatility nonviral vector for the experimental gene delivery study in mammalian cells
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
369
375
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5026_f7d9f76b2f7d04a7eda07fad4751e941.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5026
Anxiolytic-like Effect of Testosterone in Male Rats: GABAC Receptors Are Not Involved
Ali
Roohbakhsh
Physiology and Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
author
Akbar
Hajizadeh Moghaddam
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
author
Karim
Mahmoodi Delfan
Department of Biology, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
The effect of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors has been the subject of some studies. There is evidence that testosterone modulates anxiety via GABA (gama aminobutyric acid) and GABAergic system. The involvement of GABAC receptors in those effects of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors of the rats was investigated in the present study.
Materials and Methods
A group of rats received subcutaneous injections of testosterone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). Two groups of rats received intracerebroventricular injections of either CACA (GABAC agonist, 0.125 pg/rat) or TPMPA (GABAC antagonist, 3 microg/rat) following administration of testosterone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). After the injections, the rats were submitted to the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety.
Results
The rats received testosterone alone, showed a decreased in anxiety-like behaviors (P< 0.01). Administration of either CACA or TPMPA did not modify animals’ behavior compared to the rats received testosterone alone.
Conclusion
The results of the present study showed that administration of testosterone induces anxiolytic-like behaviors in the rats and GABAC receptors possibly are not involved in the anxiolytic effect of testosterone.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
376
382
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5027_40b598d3a92c9e61b4cc50c764fba2ad.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5027
Production of of Ibuprofen Pellets Containing High Amount of Rate Retarding Eudragit RL Using PEG400 and Investigation of Their Physicomechanical Properties
Fatemeh
Sadeghi
Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Hasan
Hijazi
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Hadi
Afrasiabi Garekani
Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of production of ibuprofen pellets with high amount of rate retarding polymer by aid of PEG400 as plasticizer.
Materials and Methods
Polyethylene glycol (PEG400) in concentrations of 1, 3 or 5% w/w with respect to Eudragit RL was used in production of pellets containing 60% ibuprofen and 40% excipient (2% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 7.6 or 0% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and 30.4 or 38% Eudragit RL). Physicomechanical and release properties of pellets were evaluated.
Results
In presence of PEG400, formulations containing 30.4% Eudragit RL and 7.6% MCC could easily form pellets. In formulations without any MCC pellets were obtained only in presence of 3 or 5% PEG400. Pellets containing MCC with 0 or 1% PEG400 showed brittle properties but those with 3% or 5% PEG400 showed plastic nature under pressure. Elastic modulus dramatically decreased with increasing PEG400 indicating softening of pellets. This was due to shift of Eudragit structure from glassy to rubbery state which was supported by DSC studies. Mean dissolution time (MDT) increased with addition of 1 or 3% PEG400 but this was not the case for pellets with 5% PEG400.
Conclusion
Overall PEG400 is a potential plasticizer in production of pellets based on Eudragit RL and ibuprofen. The ease in process of extrusion-spheronization, increasing the mean dissolution time and change in mechanical properties of pellets from brittle to plastic behavior were advantages of using PEG400. Changes in mechanical properties of pellets are important when pellets are intended to be compressed as tablets.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
383
390
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5028_eb04ad068e61e3517bc46d6843e30f68.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5028
The Effects of Supplemental Zinc and Honey on Wound Healing in Rats
Ghasem
Sazegar
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyed Reza
Attarzadeh Hosseini
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Effat
Behravan
Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashha, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2011
eng
Objective(s)
Clinicians have long been searching for ways to obtain "super normal" wound healing. Zinc supplementation improves the healing of open wounds. Honey can improve the wound healing with its antibacterial properties. Giving supplemental zinc to normal rats can increase the wound tensile strength. This work is to study the concurrent effects of zinc and honey in wound healing of normal rats.
Materials and Methods
One hundred and seventy two young rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, zinc-supplement, applied honey, zinc-supplement and applied honey. Two areas of skin about 4 cm2 were excised. The wound area was measured every 2 days. After 3 weeks, all animals were killed and tensile strength of wounds, zinc concentration of blood and histological improvement of wounds were evaluated. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and the mean differences were tested.
Results
It was found that honey could inhibit the bacterial growth in skin excisions. The tensile strength was increased significantly in the second to fourth groups at 21st day (P< 0.001). Also there was a significant increase in tensile strength at the same time in the fourth group. The results of the histological study showed a considerable increase in the collagen fibers, re-epithelialization and re-vascularization in the second to fourth groups.
Conclusion
The results of the present study indicate that zinc sulfate could retard re-epithelialization, but when used with natural honey (administered topically) it could have influent wound healing in non-zinc-deficient subjects as well.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-3866
14
v.
4
no.
2011
391
398
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5029_b3174b5d3257f1c27bbb3245716d9adc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2011.5029