@article { author = {Noureen, Shazia and Noreen, Sobia and Ghumman, Shazia Akram and Batool, Fozia and Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas}, title = {The genus Cuscuta (Convolvolaceac): An updated review on indigenous uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1225-1252}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.35296.8407}, abstract = {Cuscuta, commonly known as dodder, is a genus of family convolvolaceace. Approximately 170 species of Cuscuta are extensively distributed in temperate and subtropical areas of the world. Species of this genus are widely used as essential constituents in functional foods and traditional medicinal systems. Various parts of many members of Cuscuta have been found efficacious against a variety of diseases. Phytochemical investigations have confirmed presence of biologically active moieties such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, saponines, phenolics, tannins, and fatty acids. Pharmacological studies and traditional uses of these plants have proved that they are effective antibacterial, antioxidant, antiostioporotic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antipyretic, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti hair fall, and antisteriogenic agents.}, keywords = {Bioactive,Cuscuta,Folk medicines,Pharmacological activities,Phytochemicals}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13964.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13964_508941f077531179def14caa6fc447aa.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasseri Maleki, Solmaz and Aboutaleb, Nahid and Nazarinia, Donya and Allahverdi Beik, Sara and Qolamian, Asadollah and Nobakht, Maliheh}, title = {Conditioned medium obtained from human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell attenuates heart failure injury in rats}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1253-1258}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.36617.8722}, abstract = {Objective(s): Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to beneficial effects of stem cells, paracrine secretion of them has recently been used by researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intravenous injection (IV) of conditioned medium (CM) of human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC-CM) on HF.Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=35, 180 g) were randomly divided into five groups: sham, HF, HF+MSC-CM, HF+culture medium and HF+phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). To induce HF, isoproterenol (170 mg/kg/d) was injected subcutaneously for 4 consecutive days. After 28 days, induction of HF was evaluated by echocardiography. A day after echocardiography, 50 μg culture medium/5 ml PBS in HF+culture medium group, 50 μg MSC-CM/5 ml PBS in HF+MSC-CM group and 5 ml PBS in HF+PBS group were injected  two times for 4 successive days. The echocardiography was performed 4 weeks after the last injection of isoproterenol. To evaluate the fibrosis, morphology, and cardiac function, Trichrome Masson’s staining, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and echocardiography were performed, respectively.Results: CM significantly increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction, and also significantly decreased apoptotic nuclear condensation. Moreover, significant decreased level of fibrosis and increased level of angiogenesis was observed in the treatment group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our results indicated that IV injection of CM has therapeutic effects on HF by reducing fibrosis and preventing the progression of failure due to its paracrine effects.}, keywords = {Adipose tissue-derived-mesenchymal stem cells,Apoptosis,Conditioned medium,Fibrosis,heart failure}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13723.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13723_0c2deee01cb4a45c1224669945a1fa78.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosseini-chegeni, Ali and Jazaeri, farahnaz and Yousefi-Ahmadipour, Aliakbar and Heidari, Mansour and Abdollahi, Alireza and Dehpour, Ahmad Reza}, title = {Thalidomide attenuates the hyporesponsiveness of isolated atria to chronotropic stimulation in BDL rats: The involvement of TNF-α, IL-6 inhibition, and SOCS1 activation}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1259-1266}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.32256.7742}, abstract = {Objective(s): Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a complication of uncured cirrhosis which is associated with hyporesponsiveness of the heart to sympathetic stimulation. The enhancement of portal pressure, nitric oxide (NO) level, pro-inflammatory mediators and down-regulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) are involved in this situations. The present study seeks to examine the beneficial effect of thalidomide on cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods: The male rats were grouped as: Sham/saline, Sham/Thalidomide, Bile Duct Ligation (BDL)/saline and BDL/Thalidomide. BDL model of cirrhosis was used. In the treatment groups, thalidomide (200 mg/kg/day) was administrated by intragastrial gavage for 28 consecutive days, the chronotropic response was assessed in isolated atria by isoproterenol stimulation. Serum levels of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α hepatic level were evaluated. The intrasplenic pulp pressure (ISPP) as the portal pressure and histopathologic assessment were assessed. Real time RT-PCR was used for the evaluation of SOCS1 gene expression.Results: Our results showed that thalidomide administration could significantly increase the atrial chronotropic response in BDL animals. The increased level of portal pressure decreased by thalidomide in BDL animals. Thalidomide could ameliorate the histopathological conditions of BDL rats. Furthermore, the chronic treatment by this drug diminished the elevated levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in BDL animals. On the other hand, hepatic SOCS1 expression was up-regulated by thalidomide treatment in this group. Conclusion: Thalidomide improves the chronotropic hyporesponsiveness of isolated atria in BDL. This effect is probably mediated by the inhibiting NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production, reducing portal pressure and increasing the expression of SOCS1.}, keywords = {Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,IL-6,SOCS1,Thalidomide,TNF-α}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13886.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13886_0783b44401da8d35992d9e5ddb361bea.pdf} } @article { author = {Mir, Zahra and Nodeh Farahani, Narges and Abbasian, Sara and Alinejad, Faranak and Sattarzadeh, Mahboubeh and Pouriran, Ramin and Dahmardehei, Mostafa and Mirzaii, Mehdi and Khoramrooz, Seyed Sajjad and Darban-Sarokhalil, Davood}, title = {The prevalence of exotoxins, adhesion, and biofilm-related genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the main burn center of Tehran, Iran}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1267-1274}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.34908.8291}, abstract = {Objective(s): The present study investigated the prevalence of genes encoding for exotoxins, adhesion and biofilm factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from samples in a referral burn hospital in Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods: S. aureus isolates obtained from patients, personnel and surfaces in the wards of a burn hospital were identified and confirmed by biochemical and molecular tests, respectively. The susceptibility of isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method. Virulence factors were detected by multiplex PCR.Results: The frequency of hla, hlb, hld, hlg, tst and pvl genes was 92.8%, 34.7%, 89.8%, 11.9%, 10.7%, and 0.5% respectively. The results revealed that the hla gene had the highest frequency among isolates (94.4% for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 89.8% for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)). The most prevalent adhesion and biofilm-related gene was eno (85.6%). The prevalence of the remaining genes was as follows:  fib (71.8%), clfB (70%), cna (59.2 %), fnbB (17.9%), icaA (72.4%), and icaD (85.6%). The incidence of fib, hlb, hlg, and tst genes was significantly higher in MRSA isolates compare to the MSSA isolates. Moreover, the resistance rates for all antibiotics were higher is MRSA isolates except for nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol antibiotics.Conclusion: Data indicate the high prevalence rates of virulence factors among S. aureus isolates, especially MRSA strains in the burn hospital. This should to be taken into account in the development of an effective infection control policy and continuous monitoring of drug resistance in hospitals.}, keywords = {MRSA,virulence factors,Adhesin and biofilm genes,Burn,Iran}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13931.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13931_9b268d06e0f0510e28681b1e9dcffe6c.pdf} } @article { author = {Li, Shanshan and Wang, Yue and Zhao, Chunming and Zhang, Meixiang and Wang, Wei and Yu, Xiaowei and Huang, Jiao and Wang, Zhao and Zhu, Bo and Yin, Cheng qian and Cai, Hongxing}, title = {Akt inhibitor deguelin aggravates inflammation and fibrosis in myocarditis}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1275-1282}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.35518.8473}, abstract = {Objective(s): Myocarditis is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration in myocardial stroma. Attenuation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β is a reliable mark for improving the prognosis. Protein kinase B (Akt) plays an important role in the development and progression of myocarditis. The specific role of the natural inhibitor of Akt, Deguelin, on myocarditis has not been reported. In this study, we used deguelin to investigate the effects of natural Akt inhibitor on myocarditis in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) rats.Materials and Methods: EAM rat models were made by using Lewis rats and Deguelin was injected intraperitoneally on day 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 after successful modeling. On day 18, rats were sacrificed and the heart weight (HW)/ body weight (BW) ratio were measured. The pathological changes, pathological scores and fibrosis area were evaluated after H.&E. and Masson’s trichrome staining. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured by RT-qPCR, while the protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western bolt. The protein expressions of Akt, Akt1, phosphorylated (p-) Akt and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were detected by Western bolt.Results: We found that the TNF-α and IL-1β levels, inflammatory scores and fibrosis areas were markedly increased after 18 days deguelin administration. Conclusion: Akt inhibition with deguelin may aggravate myocarditis of EAM rats.}, keywords = {Akt,Deguelin,Fibrosis,Inflammation,Myocarditis}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13949.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13949_082229f6b2cba5c5fa3642561367b883.pdf} } @article { author = {Kor, Sara and Erfani-Moghadam, vahid and Sahebi, Reza and Bahramian, Shabbou and Shafiee, Mohammad}, title = {WDR7 up-regulation upon knocking down of neighboring non-coding RNA using siRNAs encapsulated in polyamidoamine dendrimers}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1283-1287}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.36135.8607}, abstract = {Objective(s): Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in females. Understanding molecular mechanisms in cancer cells compared with normal cells is crucial for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, a regulator of reprogramming (lincRNA-RoR) is a noncoding RNA which initially was detected in induced pluripotent stem cells, and it has an important role in cell reprogramming and highly expressed in breast cancer cells. A key point in successful gene silencing is the usage of siRNA delivery system that is safe and efficient. Materials and Methods: In this study, the fifth-generation of PAMAM dendrimer is used as a nanocarrier for entering siRNA molecules for gene silencing of lincRNA-RoR. WDR7 is the gene encoding adjacent of lincRNA-RoR, which has an important role in apoptosis and cell cycle. Gel retardation assay was used to find the best Negative/Positive (N/P) molar charge ratio of siRNA- PAMAM transfected into MDA-MB 231 cells. MTT assay was performed 24 hr after transfection revealed the IC50 value (half maximal inhibitory concentrations) about 100 nanomolar for lincRNA-ROR siRNA.Results: The lincRNA-RoR and WDR7 gene expression changes were evaluated by real-time PCR after siRNA treatment and showed an increase in the gene expression of WDR7. Conclusion: This study showed that PAMAM dendrimer G5/ siRNA could be a useful system delivery for future gene therapy approaches.}, keywords = {Breast Cancer,lncRNA ROR,Polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM),Transfection,WDR7}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13881.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13881_c2a8fd723d6beb1fe2825eb5bef64ca2.pdf} } @article { author = {Kalantari, Shiva and Chashmniam, Saeed and Nafar, Mohsen and Zakeri, Zahra and Parvin, Mahmoud}, title = {Metabolomics approach reveals urine biomarkers and pathways associated with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1288-1295}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.38713.9178}, abstract = {Objective(s): lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with renal complications. Current diagnosis is based on invasive renal biopsy and serum antibodies and complement levels that are not specific enough. The current study aims to identify new biomarker candidates for non-invasive diagnosis of LN and explore the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to renal injury. Materials and Methods: A metabolomics approach using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), was developed for comparison of urine metabolic profile of 14 LN patients, 10 SLE patients, and 11 healthy controls (HCs). Differential biomarker candidates were identified by using multivariate modeling, and their diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC).  Results: Three metabolites were common in differentiating all three groups including beta-alanine, 2,2-dimethylsucssinic acid, and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and suggested as a diagnostic panel for LN with AUC of 0.89, sensitivity of 81 %, and specificity of 100 %. Complementary analyses on pathways indicated that nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism is the most important perturbed pathway in LN.Conclusion: Metabolomics is a useful tool for identification of biomarkers with the ability to diagnose LN patients and predict perturbed pathways responsible for renal injury.}, keywords = {Biomarker,Lupus nephritis,Metabolomics,Non-invasive diagnosis,Nuclear magnetic resonance,Urinary metabolites}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13932.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13932_02d68c6af0b4cbbe0e6c57aa099d75ae.pdf} } @article { author = {Wu, Liuzhong and Pan, Yaping}, title = {Reactive oxygen species mediate TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in bone marrow mesenchymal cells}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1296-1301}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.37893.9006}, abstract = {Objective(s): It is generally believed that the inflammatory response in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation leads to poor survival and unsatisfactory effects, and is mainly mediated by cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in BMSCs. Materials and Methods: We treated BMSCs with TNF-α (1 and 10 ng/ml) for 5 days. The expression levels of key inflammatory mediators were evaluated by Real-time PCR. Intracellular ROS level was measured by using a 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA).Results: We found that TNF-α treatment dramatically increased the expression levels of some key inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Moreover, TNF-α induced intracellular oxidative stress by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which is due to the increase of lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant Glutathione (GSH) levels and the inhibition of many antioxidant enzyme activities in BMSCs. Interestingly, 5 µM curcumin, a ROS scavenger, dramatically lowered the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in BMSCs. In addition, TNF-α induced the activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), p38 and their down-stream transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.Conclusion: ROS mediated the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response via MAPK and NF-κB pathway, and may provide a novel strategy to prevent the inflammatory-dependent impairments in BMSCs.}, keywords = {BMSCs,Inflammation response,MAPK,NF-κB,Oxidative stress,TNF-α}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13885.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13885_3503437c7566d04c5fd85c824589909b.pdf} } @article { author = {Alizadeh, Hamed and Dezfulian, Mehrooz and Rahnema, Mehdi and fallah mehrabadi, jalil and Esmaeili, Davood}, title = {Protection of BALB/c mice against pathogenic Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis by vaccination with recombinant Omp16}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1302-1307}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.36369.8665}, abstract = {Objective(s): Prevention of the globally spread zoonotic infection, brucellosis which affects an extensive range of hosts is still challenging researchers. There are no approved vaccines for the prevention of human disease and those used for animal brucellosis have adverse properties, which limit their application. We investigated the immunological and protective effects of recombinant 16 kDa outer membrane protein of Brucella abortus (Omp16) which introduced a new candidate for brucellosis subunit vaccine. Materials and Methods: Brucella Omp16 gene was cloned in pET-23a and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Recombinant Omp16 (rOmp16) was purified using nickel resin and confirmed by Western blot analysis. BALB/c mice were immunized with rOmp16, afterward, specific serum antibodies and cytokine responses were evaluated. Protection of immunized mice against pathogenic B. abortus 544 and B. melitensis 16M was evaluated by the intraperitoneal bacterial challenge. Results: Sequencing results of the recombinant plasmid vector along with Western blotting confirmed the cloning procedure. Recognition of rOmp16 by specific IgG from serum samples of infected cases suggests the stimulation of immune response to this protein. Significant total serum IgG along with remarkable IgG1 and IgG2a response to the protein was recorded. A significant increase in IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels were observed from splenocyte cultures of immunized mice which were stimulated with rOmp16 suggesting the development of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity against the recombinant antigen. Conclusion: The intraperitoneal challenge with B. abortus 544 and B. melitensis 16M confirmed that rOmp16 is able to elicit efficient protective immune responses in the animal host.}, keywords = {BALB/c mice,Brucella,Brucellosis,Outer membrane protein,Recombinant protein}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13934.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13934_15dba482abe61a817f13091d67414971.pdf} } @article { author = {Lee, Choong-Hyun and Park, Joon Ha and Won, Moo-Ho}, title = {Protein expression changes of HCN1 and HCN2 in hippocampal subregions of gerbils during the normal aging process}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1308-1313}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.35760.8520}, abstract = {Objective(s): Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play essential roles in various hippocampal functions, including regulation of long-term potentiation, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent cognitive process. The objective of this study was to investigate age-related changes in HCN1 and HCN2 protein expressions in gerbil hippocampus at various ages. Materials and Methods: In this study, the protein expressions of HCN1 and HCN2 were compared in the hippocampus at the ages of 1, 3, 12, and 24 months using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.Results: Immunoreactivity of both HCN1 and HCN2 was shown primarily in cells of the pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampus proper and in cells of the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus. HCN1 and HCN2 protein expression levels and immunoreactivity were significantly increased at three months (3 M) of age compared with those at 1 M of age. After that, both HCN1 and HCN2 expression levels in the hippocampus were gradually decreased with age. Conclusion: Our results show that the normal aging process affects the expression levels of HCN1 and HCN2 in hippocampal cells in gerbils. There are marked reductions in HCN1 and HCN2 expressions in the aged hippocampus compared to the young hippocampus. Such reductions might be related to aging in the hippocampus.}, keywords = {Aging,Dentate gyrus,Granule cells,HCN channel,Hippocampus proper,Pyramidal cells}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13883.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13883_4de7a34077f6f7aa0ebac6ec33bbcdbe.pdf} } @article { author = {Mercanoglu, Guldem and Onder, Semen}, title = {Nitric oxide mediated the effects of nebivolol in cardiorenal syndrome}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1314-1324}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.37400.8927}, abstract = {Objective(s): Despite several proposed mechanisms for the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), the exact mechanism remains unclear. Nitrosative stress has been argued as a key mechanism recently. Nebivolol is a beta-blocker with nitric oxide (NO)-releasing effect. In the present study, NO-mediated effects of two different treatment regimes of nebivolol in CRS were studied. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into: sham-operated (sham-control), myocardial infarction (MI)-induced, (MI-control) early nebivolol-treated (MI-neb1) and late nebivolol-treated (Mı-neb2) groups. The effects of nebivolol were assessed both in the early and late period of MI by histologic, hemodynamic and biologic studies.Results: Developed MI model was in line with the heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Focal and total tubular damage findings were observed in MI-control group both in early and late period of MI. In parallel, subclinical functional damage was transformed into chronic renal dysfunction in this group.  Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) together with decreased neuronal NOS (nNOS) levels were in parallel with the increased inflammation and nitrosative stress biomarkers. Nebivolol effectively prevented both subclinical and clinical nephropathy. There was no statistical difference between the nebivolol treatment regimes.Conclusion: The beneficial effects of nebivolol were closely related to the reduction of nitrosative damages as well as hemodynamic alterations. The NO-mediated effects were: prevention of nitrosative damage by decreasing iNOS, preservation of nNOS in order to maintain glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and restoration of eNOS in the late period of MI. On contrary to our previous work, early nebivolol administration had a similar effect with delayed administration of nebivolol on CRS.}, keywords = {Cardiorenal syndrome,Myocardial infarction,Nebivolol,Nitric oxide,Nitrosative damage}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13879.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13879_ace2e3a1f1e612d6c09f6b763d066758.pdf} } @article { author = {Pahlavanzade, Bagher and Zayeri, Farid and Baghfalaki, Taban and Mozafari, Omid and Khalili, Davood and Azizi, Fereidoun and Abadi, Alireza}, title = {Association of lipid markers with coronary heart disease and stroke mortality: A 15-year follow-up study}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1325-1330}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.35617.8775}, abstract = {Objective(s): It has been proposed that lipid markers may predict cardiovascular events; however, their effect may vary depending on the type of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lipid markers on death from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in competing risks setting.Materials and Methods: Participants included 2502 women and 2020 men, age 40 years or older from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The association between total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with hazard and cumulative incidence of CHD and stroke was investigated using cause-specific hazard and sub-distribution hazard models. Statistical analyses were performed using “risk regression” and “cmprsk” package in R 3.3.2.Results: One standard deviation (SD) increase in TC and LDL-C increased the hazard of CHD death by 1.42 (CI=1.07,1.89) and 1.41 (CI=1.04,1.93), respectively. 1-SD increase in TG increased the cumulative incidence of CHD death increased by 1.94 (CI=1.02,3.75) in women. Other risk factors were not associated with the hazard and cumulative incidence of CHD in women, men and the total sample. In addition, none of lipids had a significant effect on the hazard and cumulative incidence of stroke in men, women and the total sample.Conclusion: The associations of lipid components on CHD death were modified by gender. TC, LDL-C and TG were independent predictors of CHD mortality in women. Furthermore, death due to stroke changes the association of lipid markers with CHD mortality.}, keywords = {Coronary Heart Disease,Cholesterol HDL,Cholesterol LDL,Stroke,Survival analysis}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13884.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13884_604aef9eb4cb80e515bb8cacc3487ad9.pdf} } @article { author = {El Menyiy, Nawal and Al-Waili, Noori and El Ghouizi, Asmae and El-Guendouz, Soukaina and Salom, Khelod and Lyoussi, Badiaa}, title = {Potential therapeutic effect of Moroccan propolis in hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hepatorenal dysfunction in diabetic rats}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1331-1339}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.33549.8004}, abstract = {Objective(s): The effect of propolis collected in Morocco on blood glucose, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and kidney function was investigated in control and diabetic rats.  Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activity of propolis was evaluated with the use of DPPH, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+), ferric reducing power and total antioxidant activity assay. To study its effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, the rats were divided into eight groups; four control and four diabetics. The animals received distilled water, glibenclamide, or propolis extract, 50 mg/kg/BW) or 100 mg/kg/b.wt, daily for 15 days. Blood glucose, triglyceride, lactic acid dehydrogenase, liver enzymes, creatinine, blood urea, lipid profile, and body weight were measured on day 15 after commencement of the treatment. Results: Propolis has a strong antioxidant activity and high total flavonoids and polyphenols content. Glibenclamide and propolis have no significant effect on lipid parameters, and renal and hepatic function in non-diabetic rats. However, propolis or glibenclamide caused a significant lowering of blood glucose after a single administration and at day 15 after daily administration in diabetic rats (P<0.05). Both interventions significantly lowered lactic acid dehydrogenase, increased body weight, and ameliorated dyslipidemia and abnormal liver and kidney function caused by diabetes. The effect of propolis was dose-dependent and in a high dose it was more potent than glibenclamide. Conclusion: Propolis exhibited strong antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and hepato-renal protective effects in diabetes, and significantly lowered the elevated lactic acid dehydrogenase. The study demonstrated for the first-time the effect of Moroccan propolis in diabetes and it will pave the way for clinical investigations.}, keywords = {Antioxidant,Diabetes,Kidney,Liver,Propolis}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13937.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13937_26d6ad8912ff23beaa4d9f61c4e97dfa.pdf} } @article { author = {Gao, Yan and Zhang, Yi and Fan, Yangyang}, title = {Eupafolin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1340-1346}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.37748.8977}, abstract = {Objective(s): Eupafolin, a major active component of Eupatorium perfoliatum L., has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is responsible for myocardial depression. A line of evidences revealed that LPS induces autophagy in cardiomyocytes injury. This study aims to evaluate the effects of eupafolin on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy. Materials and Methods: The effect of LPS on cell viability was examined by CCK-8. Autophagic protein 2 light chain 3 (LC3II), which was regulated by LPS and eupafolin, was examined using immunofluorescent staining. The expression levels of Beclin-1 and p62 were detected by western blotting. The effects of eupafolin on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ protein kinase B/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway were also evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Results: Eupafolin pretreatment reduced the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1, whereas p62 was significant increased. In addition, eupafolin promoted expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reversed the inhibitory effects on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy. Conclusion: Eupafolin exerts anti-autophagy activity via activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.}, keywords = {Autophagy,Cardiomyocyte,Eupafolin,Lipopolysaccharides,Mammalian target of rapamycin}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13948.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13948_c7cd344cbc086e0540602101d7869527.pdf} } @article { author = {Saadat, Saeideh and Boskabadi, Javad and Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein}, title = {Contribution of potassium channels, beta2-adrenergic and histamine H1 receptors in the relaxant effect of baicalein on rat tracheal smooth muscle}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1347-1352}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.36377.8666}, abstract = {Objective(s): Baicalein, a compound extracted from a variety of herbs, showed various pharmacological effects. This study evaluated the relaxant effects of baicalein and its underlying molecular mechanisms of action on rat’s isolated tracheal smooth muscle.Materials and Methods: Tracheal smooth muscle were contracted by 10 μM methacholine or 60 mM KCl and the effects of cumulative concentrations of baicalein (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml) and theophylline (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mM) were evaluated. To examine the possible mechanism(s) of the relaxant effect of baicalein, its effect was also evaluated on incubated tissues with atropine, indomethacin, diltiazem, N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), glibenclamide, propranolol and chlorpheniramine.Results: A concentration-dependent and significant relaxant effect was seen for baicalein in non-incubated tissues contracted by KCl or methacholine (PConclusion: A potent relaxant effect comparable to the effect of theophylline was shown for baicalein, which was probably mediated via inhibition of histamine (H1) receptors, stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors and potassium channels activation.}, keywords = {Baicalein,Beta2-adrenergic,Histamine H1 receptors,Relaxation,Smooth Muscle,Trachea}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13936.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13936_ed360ddb8737f76e8cfe845f2c5f2717.pdf} } @article { author = {Iranpak, Forough and Saberzadeh, Jamileh and Vesal, Mahmood and Takhshid, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Sodium valproate ameliorates aluminum-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1353-1358}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.36930.8804}, abstract = {Objective(s): According to recent studies, valproate shows some protection against oxidative stress (OS) induced by neurotoxins. Current investigation tried to determine the possible ameliorating effects of sodium valproate (SV) against aluminum (Al)-induced cell death, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and OS in PC12 cells.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of aluminum maltolate (Almal) with and without SV (50–400 µM).  Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay.  To measure quantitatively the effects of SV on Al-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS), flowcytometry using 7AAD/annexin-V and 2’, 7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining were employed, respectively. MMP was monitored using the retention of rhodamine 123. Catalase (CAT) activity was assayed by the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Results: Exposure of PC12 cells for 48 hr to Almal (125–2000 µM) significantly reduced cell viability (IC50=1090 μM), increased ROS generation and apoptosis, and reduced MMP and CAT activity. SV reduced the Almal-induced cell death and apoptosis. Furthermore, the effects of Almal on ROS generation, catalase activity, and MMP reduction were significantly diminished by SV.  Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that SV can inhibit Al-induced cell death and apoptosis of PC12 cells via ameliorating OS.}, keywords = {Aluminum maltolate,Apoptosis,Histone deacetylase inhibitor,Oxidative stress,Valproic acid}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13950.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13950_7e2525fa4213f1e5c34895fb36212f93.pdf} } @article { author = {Offor, Ugochukwu and Coleridge Stephen Naidu, Edwin and Olalekan Ogedengbe, Oluwatosin and Isaac Jegede, Ayoola and Imo Peter, Aniekan and Azu Onyemaechi, Okpara}, title = {Renal histopathological and biochemical changes following adjuvant intervention of Momordica charantia and antiretroviral therapy in diabetic rats}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {11}, pages = {1359-1367}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-3866}, eissn = {2008-3874}, doi = {10.22038/ijbms.2019.31848.7663}, abstract = {Objective(s): Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important primary cause of end-stage kidney disease. This study explores the mechanisms of the reno-protective effects of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) in diabetic rats following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen triplavar. Materials and Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) were divided into 7 groups (A-G).Treatment groups (B-G) had 7 animals per group and control group (Group A) had 6 animals per group.  Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection (STZ 45 mg/kg body weight). The animals were euthanized on the tenth week with kidneys removed for examination and blood obtained via cardiac puncture. Results: Key renal parameters showed no albuminuria, normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and electrolytes in all groups treated with M. charantia. Untreated diabetic (Group B) and HAART treated diabetic (Group C) showed severe albuminuria, a significantly raised BUN and serum creatinine (P<0.05) and gross electrolyte disturbances. Blood glucose levels were consistently and significantly raised in all groups not receiving the adjuvant M. charantia (P<0.05). Levels of oxidative stress enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and activities of Reduced Gluthaione (GSH) and Malondiadehyde (MDA) were significantly lower in all groups not receiving M. charantia. Histopathology in untreated diabetic and HAART treated animals showed severe degenerative changes in the glomeruli and inflammatory cellular infiltration while M. charantia treated animals showed an essentially normal glomerular appearance with capillary loops and normal cytoarchitecture. Conclusion: M. charantia extract administration improved blood glucose levels, reinstates renal function, reduces body weight loss and restores hyperglycemia.}, keywords = {Antiretroviral therapy,Diabetic nephropathy,Histopathology,Kidney,Momordica charantia,Sprague-Dawley rats}, url = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13880.html}, eprint = {https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_13880_489dcbf3850c11c6cbaba6aa973357c1.pdf} }