Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Pathogenesis of Epilepsy: Challenges in Animal Models
1119
1132
EN
Yow Hui
Yin
Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nurulumi
Ahmad
Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
nurulumi18@yahoo.com
Mohd
Makmor-Bakry
Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
mohdcp@medic.ukm.my
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1928
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic disorders affecting individuals of all ages. A greater understanding of pathogenesis in epilepsy will likely provide the basis fundamental for development of new antiepileptic therapies that aim to prevent the epileptogenesis process or modify the progression of epilepsy in addition to treatment of epilepsy symptomatically. Therefore, several investigations have embarked on advancing knowledge of the mechanism underlying epileptogenesis, understanding in mechanism of pharmacoresistance and discovering antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying therapy. Animal models play a crucial and significant role in providing additional insight into mechanism of epileptogenesis. With the help of these models, epileptogenesis process has been demonstrated to be involved in various molecular and biological pathways or processes. Hence, this article will discuss the known and postulated mechanisms of epileptogenesis and challenges in using the animal models. </span>
Animal models
Epileptogenesis
Pathogenesis of epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1928.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1928_335b757b1a4b890fb8959a2398c06f7d.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of a Series of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Based Compounds as Anticancer Agents
1133
1138
EN
Alireza
Aliabadi
000000002775-0514
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
aliabadi.alireza@gmail.com
Elham
Eghbalian
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Amir
Kiani
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medical Services, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1929
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Nowadays, cancer is an important public health problem in all countries. Limitations of current chemotherapy for neoplastic diseases such as severe adverse reactions and tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic drugs have been led to a temptation for focusing on the discovery and development of new compounds with potential anticancer activity. </span>
Materials and Methods:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">A new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-derived compounds (3a-3l) were synthesized. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">N</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">-(5-Mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) acetamide (2) was prepared through direct amidation of 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (2) with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol using EDC (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">N</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">-Ethyl-</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">N</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide) and HOBt (Hydroxybenzotriazole). Then, various derivatives of benzyl chloride containing electron withdrawing and electron donating moieties were reacted with compound 2 to prepare compounds 3a-3l. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">In vitro </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">cytotoxicity assessment using MTT method was applied and results are presented as IC</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">50</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">. </span></span>
Results:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">All the synthesized compounds were characterized by </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">H-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Some of the synthesized compounds were also characterized using MS spectroscopy. Related melting points were also recorded. According to the obtained data from MTT assay, all compounds (3a-3l) demonstrated a higher cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line in comparison with other cell lines. </span></span>
Conclusion:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">It is notable that four synthesized compounds 3h (IC</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">50</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">= 11 ± 0.18 μM), 3j (IC</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">50</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">= 10 ± 0.39 μM), 3k (IC</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">50</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">= 11 ± 0.77 μM) and 3l (IC</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">50</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">= 8 ± 0.69 μM) exhibited higher cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cell line compared to imatinib (IC</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">50</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">= 20 ± 0.69 μM) as the reference drug. </span></span>
Anticancer
Cytotoxicity
Synthesis
1,3,4-Thiadiazole
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1929.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1929_8ec02e7cbc3a67af7bcb6556fdae8e10.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Partial Purification and Characterization of Anticoagulant Factor from the Snake (Echis carinatus) Venom
1139
1144
EN
Elham
Amrollahi Byoki
Payam Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abbas
Zare Mirakabadi
0000-0003-3354-1543
Department of Venomous Animals and Antivenom Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
zareabbas83@gmail.com
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1930
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Snake venoms contain complex mixture of proteins with biological activities. Some of these proteins affect blood coagulation and platelet function in different ways. Snake venom toxin may serve as a starting material for drug design to combat several pathophysiological problems such as cardiovascular disorders. In the present study, purification of anticoagulation factor from venom of snake (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Echis carinatus</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">) was studied. Anticoagulation activity of crude venom, fractions and purified peptide were determined by using prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT). Three fractions were partially purified from the venom of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">E. Carinatus </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">by gel filtration on sephadex G-75 and final purification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with C18 column. A purified anticoagulant factor was derived which showed a single protein band in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis under reducing condition. Results of PT and TT tests for purified peptide (EC217) were found to be 102±4.242 and < 5 min. respectively. Determination of molecular weight revealed that the active purified peptide (EC217) was about 30 KD. In conclusion, the present study showed that the venom of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">E. carinatus </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">contains at least one anticoagulant factor. </span></span>
Anticoagulant factor
Chromatography
Echis Carinatus
Snake venom
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1930.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1930_88b5e4f1624fb267ec8d2f37dcac7736.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Blood Coagulation Induced by Iranian Saw-Scaled Viper (Echis Carinatus) Venom: Identification, Purification and Characterization of a Prothrombin Activator
1145
1150
EN
Mahdi
Babaie
Young Researches and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Hossein
Salmanizadeh
Young Researches and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Hossein
Zolfagharian
Department of Venomous Animals and Antivenom Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
hosseinzolfagharrian@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1931
<br/><br/><em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Echis carinatus </span></em></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">is one of the venomous snakes in Iran. The venom of Iranian </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Echis carinatus </span></em></span></em><br/><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">is a rich source of protein with various factors affecting the plasma protein and blood coagulation factor. Some of these proteins exhibit types of enzymatic activities. However, other items are proteins with no enzymatic activity. </span><br/> <br/>Materials and Methods: <br/><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">In order to study the mechanism and effect of the venom on human plasma proteins, the present study has evaluated the effect of crude venom and all fractions. A procoagulant factor (prothrombin activator) was isolated from the venom of the Iranian snake </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Echis carinatus </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">with a combination of gel filtration (Sephadex G-75), ion-exchange chromatography (DEAE- Sepharose) and reverse phase HPLC. Furthermore, proteolytic activity of the crude venom and all fractions on blood coagulation factors such as prothrombin time (PT) was studied. </span></span><br/>Results: <br/><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">In the present study, the PT test was reduced from 13.4 s to 8.6 s when human plasma was treated with crude venom (concentraion of venom was 1 mg/ml). The purified procoagulant factor revealed a single protein band in SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis under reducing conditions and its molecular weight was estimated at about 65 kDa. A single-band protein showed fragment patterns similar to those generated by the group A prothrombin activators, which convert prothrombin into meizothrombin independent of the prothrombinase complex. </span></span><br/>Conclusion: <br/><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">This study showed that the fraction which separated from Iranian snake </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Echis carinatus </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">venom can be a prothrombin activators. It can be concluded that this fraction is a procoagulant factor. </span></span>
Blood coagulation
Chromatography
Iranian Echis carinatus
Prothrombin time
Protrombin activator
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1931.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1931_f584fdcb8044aa5caa23fd60d8af0348.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Expression and Clinical Significance of Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Human Breast Cancer
1151
1154
EN
Hua
Cao
Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
cao_hua@126.com
Guo-Qin
Jiang
Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1932
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. This study investigated the expression and clinical significance of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in human breast cancer and its relationship with the clinical outcome of breast cancer. </span>
Materials and Methods
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">: </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">ATF3 expressions were detected in 114 primary breast cancer tissues and 114 adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Categorical variables were statistically compared by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Survival curves were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons of survival rates were tested using a Log-rank test. </span></span></span></em>
Results
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">: </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">IHC analysis showed that the positive expression of ATF3 protein was detected in breast cancer tissue with a positive ratio of 76.3%, and the positive ATF3 expression in adjacent normal breast tissue was 13.2%, which is lower than that in breast cancer tissue samples (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><0.01). Furthermore, ATF3 expression showed significant correlation with TNM stage, invasion, lymph node metastasis and number of metastatic lymph nodes (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">=0.038, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">=0.029, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">=0.026, and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">=0.039 respectively), and did not correlate with patients’ age and tumor size (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">>0.05). A significant difference in overall survival rate was found between the patients with positive expression of ATF3 protein and those with negative expression (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">=0.041). </span></span></span></em>
Conclusion
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">: </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Increased ATF3 expression participate in the tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, and ATF3 may be useful as a new prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients </span></span></span></em>
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)
Breast cancer
Clinical significance
Immunohistochemistry
Prognostic indicator
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1932.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1932_3d82c7ef9d5d35c9c4b83e0fac9ae4ef.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Chalcone-Like Agents
1155
1162
EN
Bahram
letafat
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Raheleh
Shakeri
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
shkeri@ibb.ut.ac.ir
Saeed
Emami
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
sd_emami@yahoo.com
Saeedeh
Noushini
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
saeedeh.noushini@gmail.com
Negar
Mohammadhosseini
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
n_mohammadhosseini@yahoo.com
Nayyereh
Shirkavand
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
nayyereh.shirkavand@yahoo.com
Sussan
Kabudanian Ardestani
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Maliheh
Safavi
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
safavi@ibb.ut.ac.ir
Marjaneh
Samadizadeh
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
samadizadeh@yahoo.com
Aida
Letafat
Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
i_letafat@yahoo.com
Abbas
Shafiee
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Alireza
Foroumadi
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
aforoumadi@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1933
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Chalcones and their rigid analogues represent an important class of small molecules having anticancer activities. Therefore, in this study the synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 3-benzylidenchroman-4-ones were described as rigid chalcone analogues. </span>
Materials and Methods:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The reaction of resorcinol with 3-chloropropionic acid in the presence of CF</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">SO</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">H was afforded corresponding propiophenone. It was cyclized using 2M NaOH to give 7-hydroxy-4-chromanone. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">O</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">-Alkylation of 7-hydroxy-4-chromanone with alkyl iodide in the presence of K</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">CO</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">3 </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">gave 7-alkoxychroman-4-one. Finally, condensation of chroman-4-one derivatives with different aldehydes afforded target compounds in good yields. The newly synthesized compounds were tested </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">in vitro </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">against different human cancer cell lines including K562 (human erythroleukemia), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer), and SK-N-MC (human neuroblastoma) cells. The cell viability was evaluated using MTT colorimetric assay. </span></span>
Results:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Most of the compounds showed good inhibitory activity against cancer cells. Among them, compound </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">containing 7-hydroxy group on chromanone ring and 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy substitution pattern on benzylidene moiety was the most potent compound with IC</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">50 </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">values ≤ 3.86 μg/ml. It was 6-17 times more potent than etoposide against tested cell lines. </span></span>
Conclusion:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">We described synthesis and cytotoxic activity of poly-functionalized 3-benzylidenechroman-4-ones as new chalcone-like agents. These compounds can be considered as conformationally constrained congeners of chalcones to tolerate the poly-functionalization on the core structures for further optimization. </span></span>
Chalcones
Cytotoxic activity
4-Chromanone
Synthesis
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1933.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1933_19969ded96e4c3feb2fcb849ef68c59f.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells in Transwell Culture
1163
1169
EN
Mohammad
Mardani
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
mardani@med.mui.ac.ir
Azadeh
Kabiri
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Paramedical school, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Langeroud, Iran
azadeh_kabiri@yahoo.com
Ebrahim
Esfandiari
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Abolghasem
Esmaeili
Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
abesmaeili@yahoo.com
Abbasali
Pourazar
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran
aesmaeili79@gmail.com
Malekmassoud
Ansar
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
esfandiari-2@med.mui.ac.ir
Batool
Hashemibeni
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1934
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently emerged as a promising strategy in regenerative medicine due to its multiple endogenous growth factors. Little is known about the role of PRP as a promoter in chondrogenesis of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs). The aim of this study was to determine whether PRP may be considered as a natural and easy achievable source of growth factors to promote the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in Transwell culture. </span>
Materials and Methods
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">: </span></em></span></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Biochemical, immunohistological and molecular assays were used to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of PRP on chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in Transwell culture. </span></span>
Results
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">: </span></em></span></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The cells in the presence of 10% PRP produced markedly higher amounts of GAG and DNA, in comparison to the control group. PRP also increased chondrogenic markers in these cells, such as sox-9, aggrecan and collagen type II. A high expression level of collagen type X as a hypertrophic marker was observed in cartilage produced by using either PRP or TGF-β1. </span></span>
Conclusion
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">: </span></em></span></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Our findings indicate that autologous PRP at an optimum concentration had beneficial effects on differentiation of hADSCs in Transwell culture. Further, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">in vivo </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">studies are necessary to fully define the clinical implications of PRP. </span></span>
Adipose-derived stem cells
Platelet-rich plasma
Transwell culture
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1934.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1934_3bb750997da36ff7d0b50ecf04f0e687.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Anti-Aging Effects of Some Selected Iranian Folk Medicinal Herbs-Biochemical Evidences
1170
1180
EN
Azadeh
Mohammadirad
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
Fatemeh
Aghamohammadali-Sarraf
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Simin
Badiei
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Zakie
Faraji
Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Reza
Hajiaghaee
Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutics Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
Maryam
Baeeri
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
Mahdi
Gholami
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
Mohammad
Abdollahi
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
mohammad.abdollahi@utoronto.ca
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1935
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">In the current study, the effects of selected folk medicinal herbs were evaluated in D-galactose-induced aging in male mice. </span>
Materials and Methods:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 12 groups composing sham, control, and treated groups. Aging was induced by administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks). A positive control group was assigned that received vitamin E (200 mg/kg/day). The extract of herbs was prepared, lyophilized, and used in this study. The herbs were administered by gavage for 4 weeks to D-galactose-aged animals at the selected doses (mg/kg/day) as follows: </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Zingiber officinale </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">(250), </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Glycyrrhiza glabra </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">(150), </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Rosmarinus officinalis </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">(300), </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Peganum harmala </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">(50), </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Aloe vera </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">(150), </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Satureja hortensis </span></em></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(200), </span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Teucrium scordium </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">(200), </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Hypericum perforatum </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">(135) and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Silybum marianum </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">(150). One group of animals was assigned as sham and not given D-galactose. </span></span>
Results:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">At the end of treatment, pro-inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukine-1β (IL-β), interlukine-6 (IL-6), NF-kappaB (NF-κb), total antioxidant power (TAP), </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as lipid </span></span>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">peroxidation (LPO) marker and male sex hormones i.e. testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured in the blood. </span>
Conclusion:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">These data for the first time indicate significant anti-aging potential of examined herbs. Results showed that D-galactose induces a significant oxidative stress and promotes proinflammatory cascade of aging while all herbs more or less recovered these changes. Among 9 herbal extracts, Silybum marianum showed the best effect in restoring aging changes. </span></span>
Aging
D-galactose
Herbal
Mouse
Oxidative stress
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1935.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1935_a1071382c71b0d9572d4b71ebbee0bea.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
A New Approach for Scatter Removal and Attenuation Compensation from SPECT/CT Images
1181
1189
EN
Shabnam
Oloomi
Department of Medical Physics, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
Hadi
Noori Eskandari
Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
hadinoori344@yahoo.com
Seyed Rasoul
Zakavi
Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Peter
Knoll
Department of Nuclear Medicine Wilhelminenspital Vienna, Austria
peter.knoll@wienkav.at
Faraz
Kalantari
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
fkalanta@central.uh.edu
Mohsen
Hajizadeh Saffar
Department of Medical Physics, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1936
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">In SPECT, the sinogram contains scatter and lack of attenuated counts that degrade the reconstructed image quality and quantity. Many techniques for attenuation and scatter correction have been proposed. An acceptable method of correction is to incorporate effects into an iterative statistical reconstruction. Here, we propose new Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) formula to correct scattering and attenuating photons during reconstruction. </span>
Materials and Methods:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">In this work, scatters are estimated through Klein-Nishina formula in all iterations and CT images are used for accurate attenuation correction. Reconstructed images resulted from different MLEM reconstruction formula have been compared considering profile agreement, contrast, mean square error, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio and computational time. </span></span>
Results:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The proposed formula has a good profile agreement, increased contrast, signal-to-noise (SNR) & contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), computational time and decreased mean square error (MSE) compared with uncorrected images and/or images from conventional formula. </span></span>
Conclusion:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">In conclusion, by applying the proposed formula we were able to correct attenuation and scatter via MLEM and improve the image quality, which is a necessary step for both qualitative and quantitative SPECT images. </span></span>
Attenuation correction
MLEM
Scatter correction
SPECT
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1936.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1936_163bd50f33052275b849fecd75daaaf7.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Does Propylthiouracil Increase the Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity In Rat?
1190
1195
EN
Gholamreza
Sepehri
Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Amin
Derakhshanfar
2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Leila
Saburi
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1937
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subacute administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) on gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. </span>
Materials and Methods:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 experimental groups as follow: (1) Control group: isotonic saline (1 ml/kg, IP. for 18 d), (2) GM group: 100 mg/kg, IP for 8 d, (3) PTU group: PTU (10 mg/kg, IP for 18 d.) and (4) PTU + GM group: GM (100 mg/kg, IP. for 8d) and PTU (10 mg/kg, IP. for 18 d). Blood sample was taken from all animals and then the animals were sacrificed under light ether anesthesia on the day after the last injection. Sera were separated and were used to measure the urea and creatinine. Microscopic evaluation of renal injury was performed using a semiquantitative scale to evaluate the degree of tubular necrosis. </span></span>
Results:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">GM markedly increased serum urea and creatinine, as well as acute tubular necrosis (ATN), glomerular atrophy, hyaline casts formation in tubular lumen, interstitial nephritis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. PTU administration alone caused hyperemia and interstitial nephritis and infiltration of lymphocytic inflammatory cells in cortex but it had no marked effect on glomerular and tubular morphology and function. Co-administration of PTU and GM potentiates the GM-induced nephrotoxicity characterized by diffuse ATN; diffuse hyaline cast formation in lumen and infiltration of inflammatory cell in kidney tissues. </span></span>
Conclusion:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Our data indicate that PTU potentiates GM-induced nephrotoxicity. The underlying mechanism(s) via which PTU potentiates GM renal toxicity remains to be elucidated. </span></span>
Gentamicin
Nephrotoxicity
Propylthiouracil
Rat
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1937.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1937_d212cff9493700e3da32d96921ddd56d.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Artificial Neural Networks Analysis Used to Evaluate the Molecular Interactions between Selected Drugs and Human Cyclooxygenase2 Receptor
1196
1202
EN
Ali
Tayarani
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdosi University of Mashad, Mashad, Iran
ali_tayarani@yahoo.com
Ali
Baratian
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
baratian@hotmail.com
Mohammad
Bagher Naghibi Sistani
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdosi University of Mashad, Mashad, Iran
Mohammad Reza
Saberi
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
Zeinab
Tehranizadeh
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1938
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">A fast and reliable evaluation of the binding energy from a single conformation of a molecular complex is an important practical task. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are strong tools for predicting nonlinear functions which are used in this paper to predict binding energy. We proposed a structure that obtains binding energy using physicochemical molecular descriptions of the selected drugs. </span>
Material and Methods:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The set of 33 drugs with their binding energy to cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX2) in hand, from different structure groups, were considered. 27 physicochemical property descriptors were calculated by standard molecular modeling. Binding energy was calculated for each compound through docking and also ANN. A multi-layer perceptron neural network was used. </span></span>
Results:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The proposed ANN model based on selected molecular descriptors showed a high degree of correlation between binding energy observed and calculated. The final model possessed a 27-4-1 architecture and correlation coefficients for learning, validating and testing sets equaled 0.973, 0.956 and 0.950, respectively. </span></span>
Conclusion:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Results show that docking results and ANN data have a high correlation. It was shown that ANN is a strong tool for prediction of the binding energy and thus inhibition constants for different drugs in very short periods of time. </span></span>
Artificial Neural Networks
Binding Energy
Cyclooxygenase 2
COX2
Docking
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1938.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1938_61e6ddd78d63628c812fbb2ff821eec0.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3874
16
11
2013
11
01
Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptosis Induction of Crude Extract and Fractions of Avicennia Marina
1203
1208
EN
Amir abbas
Momtazi-borojeni
1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Mandana
Behbahani
1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Hojjat
Sadeghi-aliabadi
0000-0002-7260-0625
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
sadeghi@pharm.mui.ac.ir
10.22038/ijbms.2013.1939
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Regarding the presence of many active biological constituents in </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Avicennia marina, </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">the present investigation was carried out to study cytotoxic activity of crude methanol leave extract and column chromatographic fractions of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">A. marina </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">against MDA-MB 231 cell line (human breast cancer cell) and HEK (Human embryonic kidney cell) line</span></span>
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">. </span>
Materials and Methods:
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The anticancer activity of crude methanol extract and sub-fractions were evaluated, using MTT assay</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">. </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The induction of apoptosis was determined by analyzing DNA fragmentation in breast cancer cells treated with active fraction of crude methanol extract using agarose gel electrophoresis</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">. </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">To investigate molecular mechanism of apoptosis, gene expression levels of p53 and Bcl-2 were measured using quantitative real time PCR</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">. </span></span></em></span>
Results:
<em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Fraction 10 was the most active fraction and was detected with HPLC as luteolin. The 50% cell cytotoxic concentration (CC</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">50</span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">) of crude methanol extract and luteolin was 250 and 28 μg/ml, respectively</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">. </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">This fraction was found to be an apoptotic agent against MDA-MB 231 cells, which leads to causing DNA fragmentation. The mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and p53 was significantly decreased and increased respectively in cancer cells treated by luteolin. </span></span></span></em>
Conclusion:
<span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The results suggested that Luteolin isolated from </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Avicennia marina </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">could probably induce apoptosis on breast cancer cell line by the regulation of p53 and Bcl-2 pathways. </span></span>
Apoptosis
Avicennia marina
Cytotoxic activity
DNA fragmentation
MDA-MB 231 cell line
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1939.html
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1939_4c52ded32e4ed932c250c3c0d809d675.pdf