2024-03-29T13:23:59Z
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1447
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Medicinal plants for gingivitis: a review of clinical trials
Hannaneh
Safiaghdam
Vahideh
Oveissi
Roodabeh
Bahramsoltani
Mohammad Hosein
Farzaei
Roja
Rahimi
Objective(s): Periodontal diseases are among prevalent oral health problems which may ultimately lead to severe complications in oral cavity. Herbal products can be designed as single or multicomponent preparations for better oral health. This study aims to review current clinical trials on the effectiveness of herbal products in gingivitis. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Cochrane library were searched with the keywords “gingivitis” in the title/abstract and “plant/ extract/ herb” in the whole text for clinical trials on herbal treatments for gingivitis. Data were collected from 2000 until January 2018. Only papers with English full-texts were included in our study. Results: Herbal medicines in the form of dentifrice, mouth rinse, gel, and gum were assessed in gingivitis via specific indices including plaque index, bleeding index, microbial count, and biomarkers of inflammation. Pomegranate, aloe, green tea, and miswak have a large body of evidence supporting their effectiveness in gingivitis. They could act via several mechanisms such as decrease in gingival inflammation and bleeding, inhibition of dental plaque formation, and improvement in different indices of oral hygiene. Some polyherbal formulations such as triphala were also significantly effective in managing gingivitis complications. Conclusion: Our study supports the efficacy and safety of several medicinal plants for gingivitis; however, some plants do not have enough evidence due to the few number of clinical trials. Thus, future studies are mandatory for further confirmation of the efficacy of these medicinal plants.
Gingivitis
Medicinal Plants
Oral diseases
Phytochemicals
Traditional Medicine
2018
10
01
978
991
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11330_5c29db188215a69f8619bd03fa705556.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Kalirin-7 plays the neuroprotective role in Neuro-2A cells injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion through Rac1 activation
Jian
Xu
Yanxiu
Chen
Zeyu
Wu
Yihe
Dou
Peng
Lun
Peng
Sun
Objective(s): The study explored the neuroprotective role of Kalirin-7 (Kal-7) in Neuro-2A cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) treatment.Materials and Methods: The study used an OGD/R model of mouse Neuro-2A neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Cells were transfected with pCAGGS-Kal-7 to up-regulating kal-7. Then cell proliferation and apoptosis were respectively analyzed by Trypan blue exclusion method and flow cytometry. To examine the involvement of Rac1, cells were treated with Rac1-GTP inhibitor NSC23766 before treatment with OGD/R. Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Rac1, and down-stream targets of Rac1 were analyzed by Western blot.Results: Kal-7 significantly decreased OGD/R induced cell apoptosis (P<0.01), but no significant effects were observed on cell proliferation. Kal-7 increased the expressions of apoptosis-related protein of Bcl-2 and Rac1, but decreased the expression of Bax in Neuro-2A cells stimulated to OGD/R. Rac1 was activated by Kal-7 due to the increased levels of its down-stream targets, p-p38 and p-PAK1. NSC23766 reduced the anti-apoptotic effect of Kal-7 as the enhanced apoptotic cell rate and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the protective effects of Kal-7 against OGD/R injury in Neuro-2A cells were dependent in a Rac1 activation signaling.
Anti-apoptosis
Kalirin-7
Neuroprotection
OGD/R
Rac1
2018
10
01
992
997
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11362_afcf2697def665f5ac1dd8e92e3ca59c.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Sulfur dioxide reduces hippocampal cells death and improves learning and memory deficits in rat model of transient global ischemia/reperfusion
Fatemeh
Zare Mehrjerdie
Ali
Shoshtari
Fahimeh
Mohseni
Hossein
Khastar
Pirasteh
Norouzi
Yasin
Asadi
Masoumeh
Dadkhah
Mehdi
Khaksari
Objective(s): According to recent the findings, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is produced by the cardiovascular system, influencing some major biological processes. Based on previous research, SO2 exhibits antioxidant effects and inhibits apoptosis following cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the neuroprotective impact of SO2 following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats that weighed 260–300 g, were randomly allocated into 4 groups: sham group (n=12), I/R group (n=12), and I/R+SO2 groups (NaHSO3 and Na2SO3; 1:3 ratio; 5 and 10 µg/kg, respectively; for 3 days, n=12). Cerebral ischemia model was prepared by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 20 min. Saline as a vehicle and SO2 donor at doses 5 µg/kg (intraperitoneally) were injected for 3 days after reperfusion. Four days after ischemia, the passive avoidance memory test was carried out in four groups, and after behavioral assessment, necrosis, apoptosis, and antioxidant enzyme analysis were carried out.Results: SO2 treatment could significantly improve memory impairments in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) (P<0.05). An increase in both superoxide dismutase and glutathione and a reduction in malondialdehyde were reported in the SO2 group versus the ischemic group (P<0.05). Moreover, SO2 could significantly decrease necrotic and apoptotic cells in the CA1 region (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings, SO2 exerts significant neuroprotective effects on cerebral I/R due to its antioxidant activity.
Antioxidant activity
Apoptosis
Brain ischemia
Memory
Sulfur dioxide
2018
10
01
998
1003
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11363_0a51c6c850dbc6eb337d4c9a8d4b037e.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell and simvastatin treatment leads to improved functional recovery and modified c-Fos expression levels in the brain following ischemic stroke
Gila
Pirzad Jahromi
Alireza
Shabanzadeh Pirsaraei
Mina
Mokhtari Hashtjini
Seyed Shahabeddin
Sadr
Javad
Rasouli Vani
Javad
Raouf Sarshoori
Jason
Charish
Objective(s): The beneficial outcomes of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) treatment on functional recovery following stroke has been well established. Furthermore, 5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have also been shown to increase neuronal survival and promote the movement of BMSCs towards the sites of inflammation. However, the precise mechanisms mediating the improved neurological functional recovery in stoke models following a combination treatment of Simvastatin and BMSCs still remained poorly understood. Materials and Methods: Here, an embolic stroke model was used to experimentally induce a focal ischemic brain injury by inserting a preformed clot into the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Following stroke, animals were treated either with an intraperitoneal injection of Simvastatin, an intravenous injection of 3 ×106 BMSCs, or a combination of these two treatments.Results: Seven days after ischemia, the combination of Simvastatin and BMSCs led to a significant increase in BMSC relocation, endogenous neurogenesis, arteriogenesis and astrocyte activation while also reducing neuronal damage when compared to BMSC treatment alone (PConclusion: These results further demonstrate the synergistic benefits of a combination treatment and help to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms mediating this beneficial effect.
Behavioral assessment
Bone marrow stromal cell
Brain
c-Fos
Ischemic stroke
Simvastatin
2018
10
01
1004
1012
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11355_2007d6da3c179ed0109231bf38352928.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Adiponectin alleviate blood hypercoagulability via inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in septic rats
Yun
Hou
Xi-Feng
Wang
Zhi-Qiang
Lang
Wei
Zhao
Yinchuan
Jin
Hong-Qin
Zhang
Lian-Shuang
Zhang
Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to detect the protective effects of adiponectin on coagulation dysfunction and its mechanism in sepsis of rats.Materials and Methods: The experimental samples were composed of sham group, model group that was underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and three adiponectin treatment groups that treated by adiponectin with different dose (72 μg/kg, 96 μg/kg and 120 μg/kg) after CLP. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was measured, respectively, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), tissue factor (TF), activated coagulation factor VIIa and Xa, p-selectin were detected, the histology structure of vascular was observed, the expressions of Caspase 9, Caspase 3, Bax, Bcl-2 and vWF in vascular were measured.Results: The results demonstrated that adiponectin treatment lengthened PT and APTT, reduced the expression of MDA, TF, activated coagulation factor VIIa, Xa and p-selectin in plasma of septic rats. Additionally, adiponectin treatment alleviated endothelial cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, down-regulated the levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Bax, Bcl-2 and vWF in vascular.Conclusion: These findings suggest that adiponectin treatment might be a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving septic endothelial cell injury and coagulation dysfunction via inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis in septic rats.
Adiponectin
Apoptosis
Endothelial cells
Oxidative stress
Rats
Sepsis
Thrombophilia
2018
10
01
1013
1019
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11356_79ab85f00fb2a251dbd2992742e18bcb.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on meiotic spindle structure and oocyte quality in mice
Ali Reza
Eftekhari moghadam
Ghasem
Saki
Masoud
Hemadi
Zohre
Mazaheri
Ali
Khodadadi
Objective(s): Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been reported to improve pregnancy chances in women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and to reduce miscarriage rates by 50–80%. This study, therefore, assesses effects of DHEA on number of retrieved oocytes and meiotic spindles.Materials and Methods: A randomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted on eight groups, four groups of young mice and four elderly. All young and old groups received different oral doses (35, 50, 75 mg/kg) of DHEA for 3 months. Meiotic spindle assessment was done by immunocytochemical techniques using a confocal laser microscope (Leica TCS-4D).Results: Statistical surveys showed that in control young groups 80% (P=0.0845) and in the old control group 73.3% (P=0.000) of the meiotic spindles have a normal shape and structure; the difference was meaningful. The young with 50 mg/kg of DHEA in 85.4% and the young with 75 mg/kg of DHEA in 84.2% were normal in shape and structure. Statistical analysis showed that the difference was meaningless (P=0.845). The old group with 30 mg/kg of DHEA in 81.1%, the old with 50 mg/kg of DHEA in 83.9%, and the old with 75 mg/kg of DHEA in 79.0% showed normal shape and structure. The meiotic spindle disruption ratio in old mice showed a significant difference (P=0.000) in comparison with others in young groups. Statistical analysis showed that difference between DHEA and control groups is meaningful. But this difference was meaningless between DHEA groups.Conclusion: Results showed that DHEA has a positive and improvement effect on the meiotic spindle in old mice.
DHEA
Meiotic spindle
Mice
Oocyte quality
pregnancy
2018
10
01
1020
1025
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11360_0d776ad47633e0d5e2a6aa93883b4800.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Differential change in cortical and hippocampal monoamines, and behavioral patterns in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes rats
Li-Wei
Lin
Fan-Shiu
Tsai
Wen-Ta
Yang
Shang-Chih
Lai
Chun-Chuan
Shih
Sheng-Chi
Lee
Chi-Rei
Wu
Objective(s): Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder worldwide. Clinical physicians have found diabetic patients have mild to middle cognitive dysfunction and an alteration of brain monoaminergic function. This study explored the change in various patterns of behavioral models and brain monoamine function under streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes.Materials and Methods: We established a type 1 DM model via intravenous injection with STZ (65 mg/kg) in rats. Three weeks after the STZ injection, various behavioral measurements including the inhibitory avoidance test, active avoidance test and Morris water maze were conducted. Finally, all rats were dissected and the concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites in cortex and hippocampus were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.Results: We found that STZ induced type 1 diabetes (hyperglycemia and lack of insulin) in rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats had cognitive impairment in acquisition sessions and long-term retention of the active avoidance test. STZ-induced diabetic rats also had cognitive impairment in spatial learning, reference and working memory of the Morris water maze. STZ significantly reduced concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) in the cortex and dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus, but increased concentrations of DA and serotonin (5-HT) in the cortex 35 days after injection. The concentration of 5-HT in the hippocampus was also significantly increased.Conclusion: The data suggested that this cognitive impairment after a short-term period of STZ injection might be related to cortical NE dysfunction, differential alteration of cortical and hippocampal DA function, and brain 5-HT hyperfunction.
Biogenic amines
Cerebral cortex
Hippocampus
Memory and learning tests
Mice
Oral glucose tolerance test
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
2018
10
01
1026
1034
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11357_64e35f4ee92e142cb8e513788d53f070.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Effects of insulin-loaded chitosan-alginate nanoparticle on RAGE expression and oxidative stress status in the kidney tissue of rats with type 1 diabetes
Shirin
Heidarisasan
Nasrin
Ziamajidi
Jamshid
Karimi
Roghayeh
Abbasalipourkabir
Objective(s): Chronic hyperglycemia leads to activation of the advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor (RAGE) for AGE axis and oxidative stress, which promote diabetic renal damage. This study examines the effect of insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles on the kidney tissue of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (C), diabetic group without treatment (DM), diabetic group treated with chitosan-based nanoparticle (DM+NP, 1 ml by gavage), diabetic group treated with 8 IU/kg insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (DM+N.in, 1 ml by gavage), and diabetic group treated with 8 IU/kg trade insulin (DM+SC.in, 0.2 ml by subcutaneous injection). The animals were treated from weeks 8 to 10. At the end of the study, serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid were measured. Also, the level of AGE and RAGE mRNA expression, and oxidative stress markers were studied in the kidney tissue.Results: Insulin-loaded nanoparticles similar to trade insulin could significantly reduce urea, creatinine, and uric acid parameters, while the elevated total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiol groups, and catalase activity also reduced total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.05). However, the reduction in AGE and RAGE mRNA expression is not statistically significant in both treatments. Of course, the influence of insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles on the amelioration of all these parameters is higher compared to that of the injected form. No markedly significant differences were observed between these two kinds of treatments. Conclusion: This data reveals that insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticle is a better therapeutic approach than injected insulin.
AGE
Antioxidant
Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin
Nanoparticles
Oxidant
2018
10
01
1035
1042
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11328_5c92dea126b54cbbea11c64f99985ee8.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Evaluation of antibiotic activity of methicillin in healing of full-thickness infected wounds with sensitized methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in presence of HAMLET
Amir
Amniattalab
Rahim
Mohammadi
Objective(s): The novel healing choices for handling of infections due to multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus are reguired. HAMLET has been reported to be able to sensitize bacterial pathogens to traditional antimicrobial agents. The aim was to assess wound healing activity of methicillin in presence of HAMLET in methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infected wounds. Materials and Methods: Fifty male rats were randomized into five groups of ten animals each. In CONTROL group, 0.1 ml sterile saline 0.9% solution was added to the wounds with no infection. In MRSA group, the wounds were infected with MRSA and only treated with 0.1 ml the sterile saline (0.9%) solution. In MRSA/HAMLET group, infected wounds were cured with HAMLET (100 µg). In group MRSA/ Met, animals with infected wounds were cured with 0.1 ml local use of 1 mg/ml methicillin. In MRSA/Met/HAMLET group, animals with infected wounds were cured with local use of 0.1 ml solution of methicillin (1 mg/ml) and HAMLET (100 µg). All test formulations were used for ten consecutive days, twice a day, beginning from first treatment.Results: Microbiological examination, planimetric, histological and quantitative morphometric studies, immunohistochemical staining for angiogenesis, determination of hydroxyproline levels and RT-PCR for Caspase 3, Bcl-2 and p53 showed that there was significant difference between animals in MRSA/Met/ HAMLET group compared to other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: HAMLET could make methicillin beneficial for handling of MRSA infected wounds and had the prospective effect to consider this harmless agent for local application.
HAMLET
Infected
MRSA
Rat
Wound healing
2018
10
01
1043
1049
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11329_5e4751dda76b50f94238c7416ecb8eb6.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Pioglitazone alleviates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced injury by up-regulation of miR-454 in H9c2 cells
Nianzi
Sun
Lin
Yang
Qian
Zhang
Chengwei
Zou
Objective(s): Pioglitazone, an anti-diabetic agent, has been widely used to treat type II diabetes. However, the effect of pioglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is still unclear. Herein, the objective of this study is to learn about the regulation and mechanism of pioglitazone effects on oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced myocardial cell injury.Materials and Methods: A cellular injury model of OGD-treated H9c2 cells in vitro was constructed to simulate ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Then, various concentrations of pioglitazone (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μM) were used for the treatment of H9c2 cells, and CCK-8, flow cytometry and western blot assays were performed to examine cell viability, apoptosis, and the protein levels of factors involved in cell cycle and apoptosis in OGD-treated cells. MiR-454 inhibitor was used to suppress miR-454 expression, and whether miR-454 was involved in regulating OGD-induced cell injury was studied. Two key signal pathways were examined to uncover the underlying mechanism. Results: OGD reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells (P<0.05, PConclusion: Pioglitazone protected H9c2 cells against OGD-induced injury through up-regulating miR-454, indicating a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of MIRI.
ERK/MAPK
MicroRNA-454 Oxygen glucose deprivation Pioglitazone PI3K/AKT
2018
10
01
1050
1055
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11359_888996130ec4e0422444d3ce49307b6c.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Neuroprotective effects of gallic acid in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: behavioral, electrophysiological and molecular studies
Mohammad Ali
Mirshekar
Alireza
Sarkaki
Yaghoob
Farbood
Mohammad Kazem
Gharib Naseri
Mohammad
Badavi
Mohamad Taghi
Mansouri
Abbas
Haghparast
Objective(s): Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of intellectual and cognitive disabilities. Clinically, it is essential to limit the development of cognitive impairment after TBI. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of gallic acid (GA) on neurological score, memory, long-term potentiation (LTP) from hippocampal dentate gyrus (hDG), brain lipid peroxidation and cytokines after TBI were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two adult male Wistar rats divided randomly into three groups with 24 in each: Veh + Sham, Veh + TBI and GA + TBI (GA; 100 mg/kg, PO for 7 days before TBI induction). Brain injury was made by Marmarou’s method. Briefly, a 200 g weight was fallen down from a 2 m height through a free-falling tube onto the head of anesthetized animal.Results: Veterinary coma scores (VCS), memory and recorded hDG -LTP significantly reduced in Veh + TBI group at 1 and 24 hr after TBI when compared to Veh + Sham (P<0.001), respectively, while brain tissue content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased significantly (P<0.001). Pretreatment of TBI rats with GA improved clinical signs, memory and hDG-LTP significantly (P<0.001) compared to Veh + TBI group, while brain tissue content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA were decreased significantly (P<0.001).Conclusion: Our results propose that GA has neuroprotective effect on memory and LTP impairment due to TBI through decrement of brain lipid peroxidation and cerebral pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Brain inflammation
Gallic acid
Long-term potentiation
Memory
Rat
Traumatic brain injury
2018
10
01
1056
1063
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11338_b4c61af1de5469ef9ad53be903b31cdb.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Biological alterations in renal and hepatic tissues by a novel gold (III) anti-cancerous compound
Ayesha
Ahmed
Abdulaziz M
Mansour Alkhawajah
Dalal M
Al-Tamimi
Muhammad A
Shwarby
Anvarhusein A
Isab
Ahmed
Badar
Objective(s): Newer organo-metallic, specifically gold (III) complexes with multiple ligands are currently being formulated with primary focus of having increased anti-cancerous properties and decreased cytotoxicity. In this study, histological toxicity profile of a newly formulated anti-cancerous gold (III) compound [trans-(±)-1,2-(DACH)2Au]Cl3 Bis(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane) was investigated by evaluation of kidney and liver tissues of treated rats.Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. In acute toxicity component of the study, (n = 16) male rats weighing between 200–250 g were administered single, variable concentration of the gold (III) compound, [trans-(±)-1,2-(DACH)2Au]Cl3 Bis(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane) to determine LD50 (dose that is lethal to 50% of rats). An IP injection of 2.3 mg/kg (equivalent to 1/10 of LD50) was injected for 14 consecutive days to (n=10) male rats in the sub-acute component of the study. Autopsy preservation of liver and kidney tissue in buffered formalin, sample processing, histopathological evaluation, and comparison with unremarkable controls (n=5) was conducted sequentially. Results: A dose of 2.3 mg/kg did not produce any tubular necrosis in kidney specimens. Mild interstitial inflammation with prominence of plasma cells was the main histological alteration. Plasmacytic pyelitis was also seen. Varying extents of cytoplasmic vacuolization and mild focal lobular and portal inflammation were predominant hepatic microscopic findings. Conclusion: [trans-(±)-1,2-(DACH)2Au]Cl3 Bis(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane) produced no histological damage in renal and hepatic tissues of rats. This very limited sample animal-based study points to the relative safety of this new gold compound. However, there is a need to compare this compound with established drugs in a comparative non-animal based study.
Anticancerous
Kidney
Liver
Novel gold III compound
Toxicity
2018
10
01
1064
1072
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11334_da2f3965e39bd19f62493b6538ba74bb.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock on rat isolated kidney, possible role of nitric oxide and protein kinase C pathways
Zahra
Gholamnezhad
Zahra
Fatehi Hassanabad
Objective(s): Pathophysiology of sepsis-associated renal failure (one of the most common cause of death in intensive care units) had not been fully determined. The effect of nitric oxide and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways in isolated kidney of Lipopolysaccharide-treated (LPS) rats were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Vascular responsiveness to phenylephrine and acetylcholine in the presence and absence of a potent PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine) and nonspecific NO inhibitor (L-NAME) as well as responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were examined.Results: LPS (10 mg/kg, IP) treatment resulted in a lower systemic pressure and reduction of responses to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents (PConclusion: Present study highlighted that five hours of intraperitoneal endotoxin injection is adequate to reduce renal basal perfusion pressure. These results also suggest that PKC inhibition may have a beneficial role in vascular hyporesponsiveness induced by LPS. Although our study partly elaborated on the effects of LPS on isolated renal vascular responses to vasoactive agents, further studies are required to explain how LPS exerts its renal vascular effects.
Kidney
LPS
Nitric oxide
Protein kinase C
Rat
Vasoconstrictor
Vasodilator
2018
10
01
1073
1078
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11299_24362d22b9b508b6d65b88fa9e1b347a.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Study of class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different hospitals in Karachi
Fouzia
Zeeshan Khan
Tehseen
Nawaz
Zulfiqar
Mirani
Saeed
Khan
Yasir
Raza
Shahana
Urooj Kazmi
Objective(s): Escherichia coli is the key pathogen in the family producing ESBL (extended spectrum β-lactamase) and associated with community-acquired infections. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic E. coli, prevalence of the ESBL gene group and class 1 integrons.Materials and Methods: Clinical isolates of uropathogenic E. coli were isolated from different hospitals of Karachi. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer Methods. Presence of β– lactamases genes (CTX, TEM, and SHV) and integron 1 were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Out of 500, 105 isolates were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR) uropathogenic E. coli. The subject MDR isolates showed the highest resistance to aztreonam, amoxil/ clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, cefipime, and cefuroxime. Genetic analysis showed that the majority of the MDR E. coli carry CTX M1 (57.1%) followed by TEM (33.3%) and SHV (9.5%). Moreover, 79% of MDR E. coli harbored class 1 integrons, whereas all three conserved genes for class 1 integrons were present in 58% of MDR E. coli. Conclusion: This study is helpful to provide information regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, distribution ESBLs and class 1 integrons among uropathogenic E. coli.
Class 1 integrons
ESBLs
MDR E. coli
Multidrug resistance
Uropathogenic E. coli
2018
10
01
1079
1082
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11368_85f177b94ea4f52d026dd3c7eb3e0a49.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2018
21
10
Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6 mice
Puttanarasaiah
Mahesh Kumar
Marikunte V
Venkataranganna
Kirangadur
Manjunath
Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry
Viswanatha
Godavarthy
Ashok
Objective(s): The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of methanolic fruit extract of Momordica cymbalaria (MeMC) against high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in C57BL/7 mice.Materials and Methods: In the present study, six weeks old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups. G-1 and G-2 served as lean control and HFD control, G-3 and G-4 received MeMC 25 and 50 mg/kg, BW doses; all the treatments were given for a period of 11 weeks. The parameters such as body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, free fatty acid, and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed, further, at the end of the study fasting body weight, and weights of organs such as the liver, heart, and adipose tissue were measured and the liver tissue was subjected to histopathology evaluation, and insulin resistance was expressed as HOMA-IR index. Results: The high-fat diet fed C57 mice showed significant elevation of body weight (P<0.01), blood glucose (P<0.01), insulin (P<0.01), cholesterol (P<0.01), free fatty acid (P<0.01), and HOMA-IR index (P<0.01) along with significant elevation of all organ weights and reduction in oral glucose tolerance (P<0.01) and brown adipose weight (P<0.01). The histopathology showed significant fatty infiltration and hypertrophy of hepatocytes. Interestingly, MeMC (50 mg/kg) alleviated all the HFD-induced perturbances significantly. Further, the HPLC analysis of MeMC revealed the presence of gallic acid and rutin as chief ingredients. Conclusion: MeMC possesses potent antidiabetic activity and ameliorates insulin resistance in HFD diet fed C57 mice.
C57BL/6 mice
Diabetes
Herbal Medicine
High-fat diet
insulin resistance
M. cymbalaria
2018
10
01
1083
1090
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_11358_4c9203ef6c3f9c9158ccb1ac96d8478a.pdf