2024-03-29T19:25:55Z
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=731
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Crocin Bleaching Assay Using Purified Di-gentiobiosyl Crocin (a-crocin) from Iranian Saffron
Seyedeh
Zahra Bathaie
Fatemeh
Moghadas Zadeh Kermani
Azam
Shams
Objective(s)
Crocin bleaching assay (CBA) is a new method for determination of antioxidant capacity. In CBA, addition of hydrogen to the conjugated double bonds of crocin results in reduction of crocin and increase in the absorbance at 440 nm, which is considered as a measure of antioxidant potential. Here CBA method was set up using di-gentiobiosyl crocin or a-crocin from Iranian saffron. Then, the antioxidant activity of some known antioxidants i.e. L-ascorbic acid, bilirubin, Trolox, uric acid, and some plasma samples of infants, were tested. The results were compared to that obtained by ferric reducing antioxidant power" (FRAP) as a standard method.
Materials and Methods
Di-gentiobiosyl crocin was extracted and purified from Iranian saffron as previously described by us. Then, the CBA procedure using a-crocin was done in 2 different aquatic conditions, >50% or >90% of water. Results were analyzed by both the Bors method (calculating the relative rate constants= Krel) and the Tsimidou method (calculating the percent of a-crocin bleaching inhibition=% Inh).
Results
Our results indicated the following order of antioxidant potential for the above mentioned agents: ascorbic acid > uric acid > Trolox. However, these results are very similar to the data reported by others, but they are strongly related to the aqueous condition. In addition, uric acid showed different properties at different concentrations; so that it showed the antioxidant activity at low concentrations but it acted as a prooxidant at higher concentrations. Bilirubin interfered with this test, possibly because its maximum absorbance is close to the crocin. The obtained data for the antioxidant capacity of the serums was comparable with FRAP assay, except for the sample that contains high bilirubin concentration.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it seems that CBA using the main fraction of crocin (a-crocin) is a simple and useful method for determination of antioxidant potential of aqueous samples. In addition, the CBA ability to distinguish the samples that contain bilirubin or high uric acid content is helpful in clinical laboratories.
Antioxidants
a-Crocin
Carotenoids
Crocin Bleaching Assay
Iranian Saffron
2011
09
01
399
406
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5034_8790e87f500ff58617b0ee8cff6bdc99.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Molecular Analysis of A2-genes Encoding Stage-specific S Antigen-like Proteins among Isolates from Iranian Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis
Mahin
Farahmand
Hasti
Atashi Shirazi
Hossein
Nahrevanian
Homa
Hajjaran
Objective(s)
Leishmania can lead to a broad spectrum of diseases, collectively known as leishmaniasis. The A2 gene/ protein family could be one of the most eligible candidate factors of virulence in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The previous results confirmed that in Leishmania infantum, several A2 proteins are abundantly expressed by the amastigote, but not the promastigote stage. As there are no data available on the pattern of A2 gene / protein in Iranian Leishmania isolates of either cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or VL; the current study aimed to investigate molecular analysis of A2 gene in leishmania species among field isolates of Iran.
Materials and Methods
An A2 gene was identified by sequencing of crude PCR products resulting from 20 samples of CL and 10 samples of VL isolates from Iranian patients.
Results
The results indicated the A2 gene in CL is only a single copy of 153 bp encoding a protein of 51 amino acids, as opposed to A2 of VL species with multi-copy genes of varying length. A2 sequences in Iranian L. major strains represented a homology with stage-specific S antigen-like protein (A2) of L. major and L. infantum. Moreover, A2 sequences in Iranian L. tropica strains have homology with A2 protein of L. major and L. tropica.
Conclusion
It is concluded that A2 is an antigen candidate for vaccine development and diagnosis purposes and that A2 sequences are conserved among field isolates.
A2protein
Iran
Leishmania
L .tropica
L .major
L. infantum
2011
09
01
407
413
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5035_deb9d9a13c84d3c959421642b674a08c.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
The Role of the Endocannabinoids in Suppression of the Hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal Axis Activity by Doxepin
Parichehr
Hassanzadeh
Anna
Hassanzadeh
Objective(s)
The mechanism(s) by which antidepressants regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis remain elusive. The endocannabinoid system (eCBs) which exhibits antidepressant potential, appears to regulate the HPA axis activity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of the eCBs in the action of doxepin including its effect on the HPA axis.
Materials and Methods
Male Wistar rats received acute and four-week intraperitoneal injections of doxepin (3, 5, and 10 mg/kg) or its vehicle (0.9% saline). One hr after the last injection, animals were exposed to a 5 min swim stress session. In other cohorts of animals, the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (0.25, 0.5, and 1mg/kg) was injected 30 min before the administration of doxepin. Plasma corticosterone concentration was measured by enzyme- immunoassay at 45 min following stressing. 1, 5, and 12 hr after the last injection of doxepin, the contents of endocacannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol) within the lipid extracts of the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus were determined using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results
Chronic treatment with doxepin (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the secretion of corticosterone due to 5 min exposure to swim stress. Acute administration of doxepin evoked no effect. Pre-application of AM251 (1 mg/kg) abolished the ability of doxepin to reduce corticosterone secretion. Chronic administration of doxepin (10 mg/kg) led to a significant elevation of the endocannabinoids in the examined brain regions.
Conclusion
It appears that doxepin exerts its effects, at least in part, through activation of the eCBs and the CB1 cannabinoid receptors play a major role in this regard.
Brain
Doxepin
Endocannabinoid system
HPA axis
Rat
2011
09
01
414
421
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5036_4de50ec25c3a6dcdd5e2c7d2b23dcf2b.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Anti-inflammatory, Antipruritic and Mast Cell Stabilizing Activity of Aristolochia Indica
Jessy
Elizabeth Mathew
Srinivasan
Keloth Kaitheri
Seekarajapuram
DinakaranVachala
Magi
Jose
Objective(s)
Aristolochia indica has been widely used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In the present study different extracts of roots of A. indica were evaluated for their antiinflammatory, antipruritic and mast cell stabilizing activity.
Materials and Methods
Anti-inflammatory activity was performed by compound 48/80 induced rat paw edema model and antipruritic activity by examining the incidence of scratching behavior. Mast cell stabilizing activity was performed by compound 48/80 and sheep serum induced mast cell degranulation methods.
Results
The ethanol extract (300 mg/kg) and petroleum ether extract (100 mg/kg) were found to inhibit mast cell degranulation significantly equivalent to that of standard drug ketotifen (69%) by compound 48/80 model. In sheep serum model the ethanol extracts (150 and 300 mg/kg) and petroleum ether extract (100 mg/kg) showed good mast cell stabilizing activity (66-67%). Ethanol extract at 150 mg/kg showed 70% reduction of rat paw oedema and also significantly reduced the scratching response.
Conclusion
Results suggest A. indica has good mast cell stabilizing, anti-inflammatory and antipruritic activity.
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-antipruritic
Aristolochia indica
Mast cell stabilizing activity
2011
09
01
422
427
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5037_c8b26b912041a7eb528e8ba2e822a129.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Effect of Hydroalcoholic and Buthanolic Extract of Cucumis sativus Seeds on Blood Glucose Level of Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Mohsen
Minaiyan
Behzad
Zolfaghari
Amin
Kamal
Objective(s)
Seed of Cucumis sativus Linn. is one of the herbal remedies has been traditionally used for diabetes mellitus treatment. We studied the effect of hydroalcoholic and buthanolic extract obtained from C. sativus seeds in a model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (type I) rats.
Materials and Methods
Normal and diabetic male Wistar rats (STZ, 60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) were treated daily with vehicle (5 ml/kg), hydroalcoholic (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) and buthanolic extract (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) and glibenclamide (1 & 3 mg/kg) separately and treatment was continued for 9 days. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 hr of the first day and the day 9 (216 hr) of treatments for measuring the blood glucose levels.
Results
Our findings indicated that C. sativus seeds extracts were not effective on reducing blood glucose levels (BGL) in normal and diabetic rats for initial phase of treatments. However, both hydroalcoholic (22.5-33.8 %) and buthanolic (26.6- 45.0 %) extracts were effective on diminishing BGL and controling the loss of body weight in diabetic rats compared to controls after 9 days of continued daily therapy. Glibenclamide on the other hand, had hypoglycemic action in normal (27.8-31.0 %) and diabetic rats (36.050.0 %) after acute and prolonged treatments.
Conclusion
It is concluded that C. sativus seeds extracts (hydroalcoholic and buthanolic) had a role in diabetes control probably through a mechanism similar to euglycemic agents. Further studies are warranted to clarify the mechanisms and the exact role of this herbal medicine in control of metabolic disorders.
Animal model
Blood glucose
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypoglycemic agents
Plant extract
2011
09
01
436
442
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5038_ceb4d317aa8f0ed3fbe8e9cf8b7adc38.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Comparison of Enzymatic Method Rapid Yeast Plus System with RFLP-PCR for Identification of Isolated Yeast from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Hossein
Moallaei
Seied Hossein
Mirhendi
Joao
Brandao
Reza
Mirdashti
Laura
Rosado
Objective(s)
To compare two identification methods, i.e., restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR analysis and enzymatic method Rapid TM Yeast Plus System to identify different species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).
Materials and Methods
Vaginal discharges of women who had attended the gynecology outpatient clinic of Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran were collected using cotton swabs and were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Isolated yeasts were identified by germ-tube testing and Rapid TM Yeast Plus System (Remel USA). For molecular identification, the isolated DNA was amplified with ITS 1 and ITS4 universal primers and PCR products digested with the enzyme Hpall followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Epidemiological and clinical features of women with respect to identified species were also evaluated.
Results
Out of 231 subjects enrolled, 62 VVC cases were detected. The isolated species were identified as follows: Candida albicans, 24 (38.7%), C. glabrata, 15 (24.2%), C. kefyr, 13 (21.0%) C. krusei, 9 (14.5%), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1 (1.6%) by RFLP-PCR method; whereas findings by Rapid TM Yeast Plus System were C. albicans, 24 (38.7%), C. glabrata, 5 (8%), C. kefyr, 11 (17.7%) C. krusei, 2 (3.2%), S. cerevisiae, 9 (14.5%), and C. tropicalis, 6 (9.6%) as well as other nonpathogenic yeasts, 4 (6.9%).
Conclusion
Statistical comparison showed that there is no significant difference in identification of C. albicans by the two methods; although, in this study, it was not true about other species of yeasts. A correlation between clinical and laboratory findings is important as it enables us to administer an appropriate treatment on time.
Candida
Iran
RFLP
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
2011
09
01
443
450
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5040_c976420ac820efd9e9cdd993a41c12c7.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Synthesis of Novel 4-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-imidazolyl] Dihydropyridines and Studying their Effects on Rat Blood Pressure
Seyed
Ahmad Mohajeri
Hossein
Hosseinzadeh
Sara
Salami
Vahidehsadat
Motamedshariaty
Mahmoud
Seifi
Farzin
Hadizadeh
Objective(s)
Calcium-channel blockers have an important role in the treatment of several cardiovascular disorders. Derivatives of 1, 4-dihydropyridine are one of the most potent calcium antagonists. In this study four novel ', 4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers were synthesized and their hypotensive properties were investigated in male rats.
Materials and Methods
Four 1, 4-dihydropyridines bearing 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-imidazolyl substituent at 4 position (5a-d) were synthesized and tested for hypotensive activity in male rats. The animal was anaesthetized and the right jugular vein was cannulated for the administration of test agents. The left carotid artery was cannulated and connected to a pressure transducer for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure.
Results
All synthesized compounds lowered rat blood pressure significantly in comparison with DMSO as vehicle and nifedipine as positive control. The hypotensive effects of all compounds were less than that of nifedipine at 2 and 4 mg/kg (P< 0.05). The order of their effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was 5b>5c>5a>5d at dose of 4 mg/kg (P< 0.05). All compounds tested increased heart rate in comparison with DMSO (P< 0.05). The chronotropic effect of nifedipine was significantly less than synthesized compounds at dose of 4 mg/kg (P< 0.01).
Conclusion
The results showed that these novels ', 4-dihydropyridines decreased mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) significantly, while increased heart rate in rat.
blood pressure
Calcium channel blockers
Heart rate
Rats
2011
09
01
451
457
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5041_2b684bfcb9a808cb7fc238ef539c8001.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
qnr Prevalence in Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and None- ESBLs Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Central of Iran
Iraj
Pakzad
Sohbhan
Ghafourian
Morovat
Taherikalani
Norkhoda
sadeghifard
Hamid
Abtahi
Mohammad
Rahbar
Neda
Mansory Jamshidi
Objective(s)
Extensive use of quinolones has been associated with raising level of resistance. In the current, we focused on assessing the prevalence of Escherichia coli resistance to quinolones and frequency of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS in non ESBLs (extended spectrum beta-lactamases) and ESBLs producing E. coli with blaSHV and blaTEM.
Materials and Methods
One hundred and fifty E. coli isolates were identified during Mar. 2007 to Apr. 2008 in Milad (Tehran) hospital. They were tested for ESBLs production as well as quinolone resistance. PCR was performed for detection of blaSHV and blaTEM as well as qnrA, B and S.
Results
Of 150 isolates, forty-two (28%) ESBLs producing and one hundred and eight (72%) non-ESBLs producing E. coli were identified. 64.2% (n= 24) of E. coli producing ESBLs and 4.62% (n= 5) of non-ESBLs E. coli were resistance to ciprofloxacin. 95.2% (n= 40) and 26.1% (n= 11) of the isolates harbored blaTEM and blaSHV, respectively. 23.8% (n= 10) had both genes. 37.5% (n= 9) and 20.8% (n= 4) of ESBLs producing E. coli were positive for qnrA and qnrB respectively. qnrS was not identified in any isolate.
Conclusion
Our study showed high frequency of ESBLs producing E. coli as well as quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB) in Milad hospital.
Ciprofloxacin
Iran
Resistance
2011
09
01
458
464
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5042_67a2c03f5ed75ac080aa5a93ae273686.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Bilateral Variability of the Quadriceps Angle (Q angle) in an Adult Indian Population
Veeramani
Raveendranath
Shankar
Nachiket
Narayanan
Sujatha
Ranganath
Priya
Devi
Rema
Objective(s)
The objective of this study was to document and explain bilateral differences in the Q angle.
Materials and Methods
Two hundred limbs of healthy adult Indian volunteers were studied. The Q angle was measured using a goniometric method with the subjects supine, quadriceps relaxed and lower limbs in neutral rotation. The relative lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity with respect to the centre of the patella was measured. Appropriate statistical tests were used to determine the bilateral variability in the Q angle and the lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity. Inter-observer variation of the above mentioned parameters were studied
in twenty limbs.
Results
The average Q angle value of all the 200 limbs was 12.73 °C; the mean value on the right was 12.86 °C and 12.60 °C on the left. When the Q angle and the lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity were considered in pairs a significant difference was noted in males. The Q angle value on the right side was more often greater than the left. The relative lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity showed a significant positive correlation with the Q angle. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.66 for the Q angle and 0.8 for the lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity.
Conclusion
The present study shows that bilateral variability in the Q angle could be attributed to an alteration of the relative placement of the tibial tuberosity with respect to the centre of the patella.
Bilateral variability
Q angle
Tibial tuberosity
2011
09
01
465
471
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5044_8fbd45b2e72153a8ad0e67467c7b8c82.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Protective Effect of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) on Morphometric and Morphologic Alterations of Seminiferous Tubules in STZ Diabetic Rats
Mohammad Jafar
Golalipour
Babak
Kabiri Balajadeh
Soraya
Ghafari
Ramin
Azarhosh
Vahid
Khori
Objective(s)
Urtica dioica L. has been known as a medicinal plant in the world. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica leaves on seminiferous tubules of diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods
Animals were allocated to control, diabetic and protective groups. Treated animals received extract of U. dioica (100 mg/ kg/ day) IP for the first 5 days and STZ injection on the 6th day. After 5 weeks, testes removed and stained with H&E technique.
Results
Tubular cell disintegration, sertoli and spermatogonia cell vacuolization, and decrease in sperm concentration observed in diabetic in comparison with control and protective groups. External seminiferous tubular diameter and seminiferous epithelial height significantly reduced (P< 0.05) in diabetic compared with controls, and these parameters increased (P< 0.05) in the treated compared with diabetics.
Conclusion
Hydroalcoholic extract of U. dioica, before induction of diabetes; has protective role on seminiferous tubules alterations.
Diabet mellitus
Morphometry
Rats
Seminiferous tubules
Testis
Urtica dioica
2011
09
01
472
477
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5045_b3d2a4c6d561312c9adee2ccd1df2d32.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Evaluation of Antidepressant-like Effect of Citrus Maxima Leaves in Animal Models of Depression
Vikram
H. Potdar
Swati
J. Kibile
Objective(s)
This study planned to assess antidepressant like activity of aqueous extract from leaves of Citrus maxima Merr. (Rutaceae).
Materials and Methods
Boiling was used for aqueous extraction. Acute toxicity study was performed in mice. Antidepressant activity was studied using locomotor activity test, modified forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Three doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of leaves were selected for testing. Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as the standard drugs.
Results
Aqueous extract of Citrus maxima leaves significantly reduced immobility time in both TST and FST. In locomotor activity testing it showed psychostimulant effect. Extract increased the climbing behavior in FST, which is similar to effect observed with imipramine.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that antidepressant like effect of Citrus maxima seems to be mediated by an increase in norepinephrine level in synapses.
Antidepressant-like effect
Citrus maxima
Forced swimming test
Tail suspension test
2011
09
01
478
483
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5046_ee900d3c77f1b34b49d26cfaa6fb991f.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2011
14
5
Gene Expression Quantification of Toll like Receptors 2, 4 and Co-molecules in Human Glioblastoma Cell Line (U87-MG): Toward a New In vitro Model of Inflammation
Amir Mohammad
Malvandi
Jalil
Mehrzad
Masoud
Saleh Moghaddam
2011
09
01
428
435