2024-03-29T18:10:18Z
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=759
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2007
10
2
Immunohistochemical Assessment of Ki-67 Expression in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands
Sakineh
Amoueian
Shadi
Saghafi
Farzaneh
Farhadi
Elaheh
Tohidi
Laleh
Sadegi
Objective
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor originating from the salivary glands. It’s rather bland histological appearance that masks its ultimate biological aggressiveness. Evaluation of cell cycle and mitoses have been useful in predicting malignancy in many tumors. Ki-67 antigen is a human nuclear antigen that presents during all active phases of cell cycle. The aim of this study was to estimate whether the Ki-67 expression ratio in ACC correlated with the morphological growth pattern and tumor histological grade.
Material and Methods
Tissue samples of 19 ACC, collected from the files in archive of Department of oral pathology, Mashhad Dentistry Faculty. All Samples originated from minor salivary gland including 11 men and 8 women with an avarage age of 46. One section have been stained with H&E to confirm the diagnosis and the other with Ki - 67 monoclonal antibody. All samples graded and scored for Ki-67 immunoreactivity, then the ratio of Ki-67 positive cells was calculated.
Results
The most incidence of tumor was in 4 and 5 decades and in women. The most common site of tumors was palate. Ki-67 expressed in 68% of all samples. The Ki-67 immunoreativity ranges from 15% to 85%. Although the avarage percentage of Ki-67 expression seems to increase with histological grade, but the difference between grade III and grade I, and between grade III and mixed I / II was not statistically significant (P value = 0.3).
Conclusion
For ACC, Ki-67 immunostaining regarding to histological grading is not a reliable tool in predicting the intensity of tumor aggressiveness and seems to have less value. Further studies with greater series of samples are needed to confirm this issue.
Ki-67
MIB-1
immunohistochemistry
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
salivary gland
2007
04
01
84
89
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5274_3cc642218f3d2492ff4c1591c136bf24.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2007
10
2
Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Alginate Microspheres Encapsulated with Autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) and CpG -ODN
Z.
Ghiasi
S. A.
Sajadi Tabasi
M.
Tafaghodi
Objective
The goal of this study was to prepare and characterize alginate microspheres as an antigen delivery
system and adjuvant for immunization against leishmaniasis.
Materials and Methods
Microspheres were prepared by an emulsification technique and characterized for size, encapsulation efficiency, and release profile of encapsulates. Selection of appropriate parameters (viscosity of alginate, emulsifier, and sonication times) enabled the preparation of alginate microspheres with a mean diameter of 1.8 ± 1.0μm, as determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Particle Size Analyzer.
Results
The encapsulation efficiency was about 34.2 ± 6.7% for autoclaved leishmania major and 63.5 ± 6.9% for CpG-ODN, as determined by spectrophotometric assays. In vitro release profile showed a slow release rate for encapsulated ALM, while higher release rate was observed for CpG-ODN. The molecular weight was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and showed that the process of encapsulation did not affect the molecular weight of the entrapped antigen.
Conclusion
With regard to the optimum diameter (less than 5 μm), slow release rate and preservation of antigen
Adjuvant
Alginate microsphere
CpG-ODN
Immunization
Leishmaniasis
2007
04
01
90
98
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5275_b44e29377aa34b34b52962df72d5555e.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2007
10
2
Determination of SPF and Moisturizing Effects of Liposomal and Conventional Formulations of Octyl Methoxycinnamte as a Sunscreen
Sh.
Golmohammadzadeh
M.R.
Jaafari
N.
Khalili
G.
Greenoak
Objective
To determine and compare the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) and moisturizing effects of the liposomal and conventional lotion formulations containing octyl methoxycinnamte (OMC) as a sunscreen by in vivo methods.
Materials and Methods
The multilamellar liposomes (MLVs) containing OMC were prepared by fusion method and o/w emulsion was prepared as FDA standard sunscreen method. The SPFs of the formulations were determined by in vivo method according to Australian standard. The exposure area was the back of ten volunteers. Subsites of the backs were exposed to solar simulator as ultraviolet (UV) source. The minimum erythemal dose (MED) for unprotected skin was observed in the next day. The sunscreen was spread (2 mg/cm2) over the area with a finger stall to achieve a uniform film. Each test subsite in a series was exposed to controlled amounts of simulated sunlight by a constant ratio. In the third day, the MEDs of the formulations were observed. The SPF was determined by the ratio between the time required to produce the minimal erythematous reaction by using sunscreen and the time needed to produce the same reaction without using sunscreen. The moisture content of the skin was determined after 30 min, 2, 3, 6 and 10 hours post-application of the formulations containing OMC and also NaCl 3% in eucerin (as a positive control) using Corneometer by measuring electrical capacitance.
Results
The SPF obtained from our in vivo results for standard Homosalate reference was almost the same as published SPF for this standard. The SPF of the liposomes containing OMC was a little bit more than lotion at the same concentration of OMC. All the tested formulations significantly increased the moisture content of the skin compared to control (without any treatment), in all the tested point times. After 30 minutes of post-application, the skin moisture content resulted from OMC-lotion was significantly more than liposomal-OMC and NaCl 3% in eucerin; however, 10 hours after post-application there were no significant differences in the skin moisture content of these three treatment groups.
Conclusion
MLV liposomes prepared by fusion method is a good vehicle for OMC as a sunscreen since it provides proper SPF and increase the moisture content of the skin.
Minimum erythemal dose
Moisturizing effects
Multilamellar liposomes
Octyl
methoxycinnamte
Sun Protection Factor
2007
04
01
99
110
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5276_bf0bdbc97be0de086a75339cb9d53911.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2007
10
2
New p53 Gene Mutation in non-Cancerous Mustard Gas Exposed Lung
A.
Karami
F.
Biramijamal
M.
Ghanei
S.
Arjmand
M.
Eshraghi
A.
Khalilpoor
Objective
Mustard gas (MG) is a poisoning chemical, mutagenic and carcinogenic alkylating agent. It is used during World War I and also Iran-Iraq conflict. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is involved in the pathogenesis of malignant disease. The aim of this study is to determine possible mutation in p53 gene of lung sample from mustard gas exposed patients.
Material and Methods
Twelve lung biopsy samples from 12 Mustard Gas exposed soldiers cases along with control cell line were studied for the presence of mutations in exons 4-9 of the p53 gene by PCR and direct sequencing. Results
Among examined biopsies most of the samples demonstrated normal polymorphism with no significant defected mutations but in one sample one type of p53 gene alteration at codon 278 (CCT^CCA) on transcribed strand was detected. This Mutation has not been observed in another studies related to mustard gas exposure and p53 mutation databases.
Conclusion
In this study we have reported for the first time new p53 mutation in the lung sample of MG exposed patients. It is concluded that only one silent mutation were scanned with no signs of any type of cancer. This type of mutation was not in IARC p53 gene mutation database. Moreover, surrounding sequences of the mutated p53 gene codons have more 5'-GT and 5-GC sequences which have been found both by our study and only one another study on Japanese exposed to MG.
Lung Biopsy
Mustard Gas
p53 mutation
PCR
Sequencing
2007
04
01
111
117
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5277_35abf9928c03b908a375e33289d970b5.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2007
10
2
Role of Caspases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Rose Bengal-Induced Toxicity in Melanoma Cells
S. H.
Mousavi
P.
Hersey
Objective
We have previously shown that Rose Bengal (RB) alone, not as a photosensitiser, could induce apoptotic- and non-apoptotic cell death in different melanoma cell lines. To clarify RB-induced toxicity mechanisms, role of caspases and reactive oxygen specious (ROS) were studied in melanoma cells.
Material and Methods
Human melanoma cell lines, Me 4405 and Sk-Mel-28 were cultured in DMEM medium. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using PI staining of DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). Role of caspase were studied using the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. ROS was measured using DCF-DA by flow cytometry analysis.
Results
This study showed that whilez-VAD-fmk completely inhibited apoptosis of melanoma inducedby tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL), it only partiallyblocked RB-induced apoptosis in Me4405 and Sk-Mel-28 melanoma cell lines. RB also increased ROS production in melanoma cells but pretreatment with antioxidant -glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) could not decrease RB-induced toxicity.
Conclusion
Both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways were inducedby RB in melanoma cells. RB-induced generation of ROS does not playa significant role in RB-induced toxicity and it is independent of ROS production in melanoma cells.
Melanoma
Rose Bengal
Caspases
ROS
2007
04
01
118
123
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5278_ec6c1e9b84910909b2aeec6784244544.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2007
10
2
Roughness Model for Adhesion Testing of Pharmaceutical Coating Materials
H.
Orafai
M.
Spring
Objective Roughness is the main parameter in interlocking bonding mechanism. Yet there is no model designed to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on adhesion of coating materials in pharmaceutical sciences. Materials and Methods In this study polymethyl metacrylate spherical beads with different sizes were poured into 10 mm mold, then it was pressed by hand screw and finally heated to 141o C. The texture of the resulted surfaces of the discs was quantified and qualified for roughness using Surface Texture Measurement Instrum Model Sarcum110 and SEM, respectively. Solutions of Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC E15) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP K90) were used as binding agents. After conditioning, shear testing technique was carried out for bond strength evaluation using calibrated shear cell bar. Results The resulted bond strengths were in the rank order of decreasing particle size and HPMC E15 resulted in higher bond strength. Conclusion It could be concluded that this model of roughness, which is easy to prepare, is suitable for studying adhesion of pharmaceutical binders.
Adhesion
Adhesive
Binder
Coating materials
Polymethl methacrylate (PMMA)
Roughness
2007
04
01
124
131
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5279_05dfe7f9c50ba826ebc1531b3d788f8d.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2007
10
2
Quantification Analysis of Dot Blot Assays for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and 2 Antibodies
M.
Ravanshad
F.
Sabahi
F.
Mahboudi
Objective
Dot Blot (DB) assay provides highly specific results, but usually not reliable for quantification of antibody production. The need for a more objective DB assay to provide a better definition of the immune status, against HIV antigens, promoted this study to be done to develop a quantitative DB assay.
Material and Methods
Dot blot (DB) strips for antibodies directed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and 2 were analyzed by a video densitometer. This method was used to quantify the antibody response to different HIV proteins in infected patients. In order to increase reproducibility, reagents and protocols were accurately standardized and internal controls were added. In the first format, an internal control band consisting of Human IgG was added to each dot to minimize the effects of band intensity variation. In the second format, antibody concentrations were calculated from the ratio of the densities produced by test sera and by positive and negative standard sera.
Results
The sera under scrutiny were also examined by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the obtained results were compared with those of the corresponding DB. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the results obtained with the two methods, and this was especially evident when ELISA titers were compared to corrected DB values (p = 0.001).
Conclusion
Densitometric analysis of DB assays led to quantify the antibodies against HIV-1 and 2 Gag and Env proteins and might be useful to investigate possible humoral immune correlates of production in HIV vaccine studies and antibody production in the early phase of infection.
Densitometric Analysis
Dot Blot assay
Human immunodeficiency virus
2007
04
01
132
138
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5280_af22adff21f5e2f1d435941460e79f53.pdf
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2008-3866
2008-3866
2007
10
2
HER-2/neu Gene Overexpression in Resectable Gastric Cancer and its Relationship with Histopathologic Subtype, Grade, and Stage
H.R.
Raziee
A.
Taghizadeh Kermani
K.
Ghaffarzadegan
M.
Taghi Shakeri
M.R.
Ghavamnasiri
Objective HER-2/neu gene is overexpressed in diverse human cancers and studies suggest a role of its product – p185 protein – in tumor progression by specifically promoting the invasive capacity of tumor cells. Our aim was to evaluate HER-2/neu content in resectable gastric cancer in this geographical region and assess the relationship between p185 expression and clinicopathologic tumor parameters. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 100 specimens from 100 patients with resectable gastric carcinoma. Indirect immunostaining was used to evaluate the expression of this receptor in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Results HER-2/neu overexpression was present in 26 (26%) of 100 gastric carcinomas. This was significantly more common in the intestinal type of gastric cancer (33%) compared to diffuse (5%) or the mixed type (0%). HER-2/neu overexpression was also more common in well-differentiated gastric cancer versus other grades as. However, it was not associated with gender, age at diagnosis or clinical stage. Conclusion HER-2/neu amplification is common in the intestinal and well-differentiated gastric carcinomas. There is no correlation between HER-2/neu expression and tumor stage. The relatively high percentage of HER-2/neu positive tumors may provide a useful target for immunotherapy of these cancers.
Gastric cancer
Her-2/neu
Grade
Lauren's classification Immunohistochemistry
2007
04
01
139
145
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5281_5949ab436cd1c508880f5625b93bce49.pdf