<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title></short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2008-3866</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2008-3874</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>7</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>7</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>29</volume>
			<number>7</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Trigonelline protects against alcohol-induced brain damage by inhibition of oxidative stress, TLR4/NF-κB/proinflammatory cytokines pathway, and apoptosis</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Objective(s): Brain injury is one of the most predominant complications following excessive alcohol consumption. Oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic processes are the essential mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced brain damage. Trigonelline is a natural compound that has a variety of pharmacologic activities. The present study investigated the protective effect of trigonelline in alcohol-induced brain injury and its underlying mechanisms.  Materials and Methods: Adult male mice (C57BL/6) were exposed to binge ethanol (6 g/kg/day, by gavage) and treated with trigonelline (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 6 days. Mice were sacrificed and the brain tissues were dissected for experimental assessments.  Results: The results showed that trigonelline alleviated alcohol-induced locomotor impairment and brain oxidative damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Trigonelline restored the levels of protective antioxidants (GSH, SOD, and HO-1) and reduced the levels of ICAM-1 and MPO in the brains of mice exposed to alcohol. Trigonelline significantly reduced alcohol-induced brain inflammation by the inhibition of iNOS/NO, TLR4, NF-κB, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and TGF-β1). Moreover, trigonelline treatment reduced the levels of caspase-3, cytochrome c, and TUNEL positive cells in the brains of alcohol-exposed mice. Conclusion: These findings suggest that trigonelline protects brain against alcohol intoxication by inhibition of oxidative and inflammatory and apoptotic responses. Therefore, trigonelline may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the protection of brain damage associated with binge alcohol consumption.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Alcohol, Neuroinflammation, Neurotoxicity, TLR4/NF-κB, Trigonelline</keyword>
				<start_page>1079</start_page>
				<end_page>1088</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_27861.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Keyvan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Amirshahrokhi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>k.amirshahrokhi@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122490</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ali</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Niapour</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>niapour@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122491</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mahsa</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Imani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mimani@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122492</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>