Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Molecular mechanisms regulating immune responses in thromboangiitis obliterans: a comprehensive review2152241219310.22038/ijbms.2019.31119.7513ENAbbas Shapouri-MoghaddamImmunology Research Group, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-9903-6702Mohamad Hadi Saeed ModagheghVascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Alavi Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, IranHamid Reza RahimiNeurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSeyyed-Morteza EhteshamfarImmunology Research Group, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJalil TavakolafshariImmunology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-0146-5021Journal Article20180416Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a thrombotic-occlusive as well as an inflammatory peripheral vascular disease with unknown etiology. Recent evidence has supported the immunopathogenesis of the disease, however, the factors contributing to the altered immune function and vascular tissue inflammation are still unclear. This review was intended to collate the more current knowledge on the regulatory molecules involved in TAO from an immunoreactive perspective. The homeostasis of the immune system as well as a variety of progenitor cell populations appear to be affected during TAO and these alterations are associated with intrinsic signaling defects that are directing to an improved understanding of the crosstalk between angiogenesis and the immune system, as well as the potential of new co-targeting strategies applying both immunotherapy and angiogenic therapy.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and disease: A mechanistic review2252371225110.22038/ijbms.2019.32806.7897ENNiloofar KahkeshaniDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranPhytoPharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0618-5937Fatemeh FarzaeiPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranMaryam FotouhiStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyedeh Shaghayegh AlaviDepartment of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranRoodabeh BahramsoltaniDepartment of Pharmacy in Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6942-0546Rozita NaseriFaculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranSaeideh MomtazMedicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, IranToxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZahra AbbasabadiPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranRoja RahimiDepartment of Pharmacy in Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran000-0001-8637-4350Mohammad Hosein FarzaeiPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranMedical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0001-7081-6521Anupam BishayeeLake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USAJournal Article20180708<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Gallic acid is a natural phenolic compound found in several fruits and medicinal plants. It is reported to have several health-promoting effects. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological and biological activities of gallic acid in vitro and animal models to depict the pharmacological status of this compound for future studies.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> All relevant papers in the English language were collected up to June 2018. The keywords of gallic acid, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, gastrointestinal-, cardiovascular-, metabolic-, neuropsychological-, and miscellaneous- diseases were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Several beneficial effects are reported for gallic acid, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. This compound has been reported to have therapeutic activities in gastrointestinal, neuropsychological, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Current evidence confirms the pharmacological and therapeutic interventions of gallic acid in multiple health complications; however, available data are limited to just cellular and animal studies. Future investigations are essential to further define the safety and therapeutic efficacy of gallic acid in humans.<br /><br />Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Clonal dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing nosocomial infections, Tehran, Iran2382451203110.22038/ijbms.2018.30067.7245ENMehdi GoudarziDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6720-9341Gita EslamiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRazieh RezaeeMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranMohsen HeidaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9839-5017Saeed KhoshnoodDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5143-3178Raheleh Sajadi NiaDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180222<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> In the current research, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus clones and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and toxins were examined among 120 S. aureus strains from nosocomial infections in tehran, Iran.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Antimicrobial susceptibility was examined, based on disk diffusion and PCR method to identify resistance and toxin-encoding genes. Based on the polymorphisms in SCCmec, agr, spa, and MLST, the isolates were typed. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Among 120 S. aureus isolates, 85 (70.8%) were methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 35 (29.2%) were methicilin sensetive S. aureus (MSSA). The tested isolates contained resistance genes, including ant(4΄)-Ia (90%), aac(6΄)-Ie/aph(2˝) (80%), aph(3΄)-IIIa (30%), erm(A) (26.7%), erm(B) (10.8%), erm(C) (11.7%), msr(A) (40.8%), msr(B) (14.2%), tet(M) (45.8%), and mupA (8.3%). The MRSA strains were clustered into six different clones. The most common genotypes included ST239-SCCmec III/t037 (23.3%), ST239-SCCmec III/t388 (22.5%), ST22-SCCmec IV/t790 (8.3%), ST15-SCCmec IV/t084 (7.5%), ST585-SCCmec III/t713 (5%), and ST239-SCCmec III/t924 (4.2%), respectively. ST182/t196 (8.3%) and ST123/t171 (5%) belonged exclusively to MSSA strains. Overall, 10 (66.7%) and 5 (33.3%) out of 15 isolates with pvl genes were attributed to clones ST22-SCCmec IV/t790 and ST15-SCCmec IV/t084, respectively. ST22-SCCmec IV/t790, ST239-SCCmec III/t037, and ST15-SCCmec IV/t084, were related to high-level mupirocin-resistant phenotypes. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> The genetic diversity of S. aureus was confirmed in our hospitals, and ST239-SCCmec III/t037 showed a relatively high prevalence in our study. It seems that assessment of resistance and virulence genes in different S. aureus molecular types is necessary for proper antibiotic consumption.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of GABA receptors antagonists on morphine-induced changes in GABA and GLU transmission within the mPFC: an in vivo microdialysis study2462501216810.22038/ijbms.2019.28478.6925ENEffat RamshiniDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-1687-8961Hojjat Allah AlaeiDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-9474-5756Parham ReisiDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNaser NaghdiDepartment of Physiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranHossein AfroziDrug Research Center of Daropakhsh, Tehran, IranSamaneh AlaeiDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMaryam AlehashemTracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranShahrzad EftekharvaghefiDepartment of Physiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranJournal Article20171222<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong> </em>Many studies have focused on ventral tegmental area than of other mesocorticolimbic areas, and implicated a key role for the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the development of addictive behaviors. So far, the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the discriminative properties of morphine has received little attention and few studies evaluated the role of these receptors in drug dependence. Hence, we investigated the role of this receptor on morphine- induced GABA/ glutamate (GLU) changes in the mPFC following morphine administration using in vivo microdialysis.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> In this study, 60 rats weighing 270-300 g were divided into six groups. First, microdialysis probe was inserted into the mPFC and was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid and collected the baseline samples in all groups. In saline and morphine groups, the saline, in phaclophen and (phaclofen+morphine) groups, phaclofen (100 nmol), and in bicuculline and (bicuculline+morphine) groups, bicuculline (20 nmol) was injected intracerebroventricular. In saline, phaclofen and bicuculline groups 20 min later, animals received saline (0.2 ml, IP) and others groups received morphine (20 mg/kg, IP).<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Our results showed that morphine increased the average concentration of GABA and decreased the concentration of GLU within mPFC. Pretreatment with phaclofen and bicuculline 20 min before morphine administration had no effect on GABA and GLU release for 100 min.<br /><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> The present study indicated that morphine influence the GABA and GLU transmission in mPFC. Therefore evaluation of neurochemistry changes of this neural circuitry may provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying drug dependence.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Therapeutic effect of valsartan against doxorubicin-induced renal toxicity in rats2512541220310.22038/ijbms.2019.32871.7851ENHai-Xia LiuDepartment of Pharmacology, City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China0000-0002-7792-8638Jin LiDepartment of Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaQi-Xiong LiDepartment of Pharmacology, City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China0000-0002-1484-8016Journal Article20180620<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong> </em>Doxorubicin (DXR)-induces glomerular atrophy and fibrosis in rat kidneys. The objective of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of valsartan on DXR-induced glomerular toxicity and its mechanisms of actions in rats. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> </em>Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups, and each group contains ten rats. First group was control and was treated with saline only. Treatment groups were injected with DXR (6.5 mg/kg) alone, or intragastric gavage with 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg of valsartan after DXR treatment.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Rats treated with DXR only showed significant changes in concentrations of urinary protein, serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Moreover, glomerular structural damages were observed in rats treated with DXR. Valsartan significantly alleviated the effect of DXR. Dramatic elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and significant reductions in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were seen after DXR treatment. These effects were effectively ameliorated by co-administration with valsartan. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> The findings of our study indicate that valsartan may play an important role in protecting DXR-induced renal toxicity, at least in part, through its antioxidant properties.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301The effect of alpha linolenic acid on tracheal responsiveness, lung inflammation and immune markers in sensitized rats2552611220510.22038/ijbms.2019.27381.6684ENMahsa KavehDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0794-0981Naeima EftekharDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IranMohammad Hossein BoskabadyNeurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-5736-9755Journal Article20171103<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The effects of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) on tracheal responsiveness (TR), total protein (TP), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon gamma (INF-γ) level and INF-γ/IL4 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of sensitized rats were examined.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> TR to methacholine and ovalbumin (OA), BALF levels of TP, PLA2 and IgE as well as IL-4, INF-γ and INF-γ/IL4 ratio were measured in control group (non-sensitized, group C), sensitized rats to OA (group S), S groups treated with two concentrations of ALA and dexamethasone group. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> TR to methacholine and OA, BALF levels of TP, PLA2, IgE and IL-4 were significantly increased but BALF level of INF-γ and INF-γ/IL4 ratio decreased in group S compared to group C (P<em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Results showed an immune modulatory effect of the ALA that increased INF-γ, INF-γ/IL4 ratio (as an index of Th1/Th2) and decreased IL-4 in sensitized rats. ALA also showed preventive effect on inflammatory markers and tracheal responsiveness in sensitized animals comparable to the effect of dexamethasone.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Anti-diabetic effect of loganin by inhibiting FOXO1 nuclear translocation via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in INS-1 cell2622661218910.22038/ijbms.2019.30246.7294ENFang-Fang MoBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, ChinaHai-Xia LiuBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, ChinaYi ZhangBeijing Open University, Beijing, 100081, ChinaJing HuaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, ChinaDan-Dan ZhaoBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, ChinaTian AnBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, ChinaDong-Wei ZhangBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, ChinaTian TianBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, ChinaSihua GaoBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China0000-0001-8292-0801Journal Article20180301<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> JiangTangXiaoKe (JTXK) granule, a Chinese traditional herbal formula, has been clinically used and demonstrated to be beneficial in controlling high glucose and to relieve the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for decades. In this study, we explored how loganin, one of the components in JTXK granule, mediated the anti-diabetic effect.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> We generate a cell model with the dysfunction of insulin secretion by over-expression FOXO1 in INS-1 cells. MTT method was used to detect cytotoxicity after treated with Loganin. ELISA analysis was used to examine insulin secretion. The expression levels of FOXO1 and Akt were evaluated by Western blot.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Treatment with Loganin did not change the expression level of FOXO1 in INS-1 cells, but increased phosphorylation of FOXO1 and inhibited the nuclear translocation and accumulation of FOXO1, which improved the insulin secretion of the cells. Mechanistically, we found PI3K/Akt signaling pathway involved in these effects, which were blocked by an Akt inhibitor, LY294002.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Loganin mediated the subcellular distribution of FOXO1 via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which protected the function of insulin secretion in islet INS-1 cells.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Anticonvulsant and ameliorative effects of pioglitazone on cognitive deficits, inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of rat pups exposed to febrile seizure2672761219510.22038/ijbms.2019.35056.8339ENHussein HusseinRayan Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-5199-9182Ali MoghimiRayan Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-8361-7537Ali RoohbakhshPharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-5032-4263Journal Article20180923<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Pioglitazone (PGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, has significant neuroprotective effects and has been reported to regulate inflammatory processes.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> We evaluated the effects of PGZ on febrile seizure (FS) in rat pups. Three groups of male rat pups received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of PGZ (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and kainic acid (KA) were injected to induce FS. The rat pups behaviors were recorded and analyzed. Seizure latency, duration, and severity were recorded to evaluate the effect of PGZ on FS. Novel object recognition task (NORT) was used to evaluate the effect of PGZ on cognitive deficits induced by FS. At the end of the experimental protocol, molecular and histological tests were done.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> PGZ significantly increased seizure latency and decreased seizure duration and median of seizure scores (<em>P<</em>0.05, <em>P<</em>0.01, and <em>P<</em>0.001) after induction of FS. Rat pups exposed to FS had memory deficits both in short-term and long-term memories in the NORT that were reversed by PGZ-treatment (<em>P<</em>0.01 and <em>P<</em>0.001). PGZ significantly reduced interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase concentration in the hippocampus (<em>P<</em>0.05 and <em>P<</em>0.01). In addition, PGZ decreased the number of degenerating and TUNEL positive neurons in CA1, CA3, and DG subfields of the hippocampus (<em>P<</em> 0.05, <em>P<</em>0.01 and <em>P<</em>0.001).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> The present results indicated that PGZ had anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects with ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits induced by FS in rat pups.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Effect of crocin on cardiac antioxidants, and hemodynamic parameters after injuries induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats2772811216510.22038/ijbms.2019.29660.7159ENGhaidafeh AkbariDepartment of Physiology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran0000-0003-0454-2002Seyyed Ali MardAlimentary Tract Research Center, Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-4323-1672Mahin DianatPhysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-0305-5715Journal Article20180206<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> This research aimed to test the impact of liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) insult on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, functional enzymes, histological, and hemodynamic parameters of heart, as well as protective function of crocin on these variables in rats. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Thirty two rats were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups (8 rats in each). I: sham-operated, II: IR induction, III: Crocin alone, and IV: Crocin+IR induction. Groups I and III received normal saline at 2 ml per day and crocin at 200 mg per kg on a daily basis for a week via intraperitoneally injection. Afterwards, laparotomy was performed. Groups II and IV was also received normal saline and crocin and then experienced a 45 min ischemia followed by 1 hr reperfusion. Tissue samples of heart and blood were taken to use for further microscopic and laboratories analysis. Hemodynamic parameters were measured by tail cuff method. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Findings indicated that crocin dramatically elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and attenuated serum concentrations of hepatic and cardiac enzymes. Crocin also inhibited histopathological disarrangements, and modulated hemodynamic parameters beyond IR-induced hepatic insult. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Current experiment indicated that crocin has potential cardioprotective action following hepatic I/R-induced damage. Therefore, it can be administered before elective hepatic surgeries.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Novel nanomicelle formulation to enhance bioavailability and stability of curcuminoids2822891225210.22038/ijbms.2019.32873.7852ENMahdi HatamipourNanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-0782-1907Amirhossein SahebkarBiotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNeurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-1747-8353Seyedeh Hoda AlavizadehNanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMahyar DorriNanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMahmoud Reza JaafariNanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-3908-6828Journal Article20180620<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Curcuminoids, comprising curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), are bioactive phytochemicals with numerous pharmacological effects. Oral biological availability of curcuminoids is low due to the low aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism. This study aimed at fabricating a nanomicellar curcuminoid formula with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Curcuminoids nanomicelles were prepared and characterized regarding particle properties, stability, release profile and pharmacokinetic parameters.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Encapsulation efficiency of curcuminoids in nanomicelles were 100%. Particle size analysis demonstrated a mean size of around 10 nm that remained stable for 24 months. Dissolution test showed the complete dissolution of encapsulated curcuminoids from nanomicelles within 20 min while the free curcuminoids were poorly dissolved (approximately 7% after 60 min). The results of long-term (24 months) and accelerated (6 months) stability studies showed no changes in the size and content of nanomicelles. The release studies in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) showed no release of curcuminoids for at least 4 hours. In vivo study in BALB/c mice showed improved pharmacokinetic parameters including maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach the maximum concentration (Tmax) with nanomicelles as compared to free curcuminoids and two other commercial products. Tmax for all the three curcuminoid components was observed 30 min following oral administration. AUC of nanomicellar curcuminoids was 59.2 times more than free curcuminoids. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> These data indicated that nanomicelles could improve solubility, oral bioavailability and also the stability of curcuminoids. Thus, they merit further investigation for enhancing pharmacological effects of curcuminoids.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Ultra structural characteristics of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus cell wall after affecting with lytic bacteriophages using atomic force microscopy2902951223110.22038/ijbms.2019.31226.7521ENGolnar RahimzadehPediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranStudent Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran0000-0002-6423-7192Pooria GillNanomedicine Group, Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iranhttps://orcid.org/00Mohammad Sadegh RezaiPediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran0000-0003-4585-9954Journal Article20180418<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> During the last years with increasing resistant bacteria to the most antibiotics bacteriophages are suggested as appropriate treatment option. To investigate lytic activity of bacteriophages there are indirect microbial procedures and direct methods. The present study to complement microbial procedures and investigate ultra-structural characteristics of infection bacterium-phage use atomic force microscopy technique.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> The Siphoviridae bacteriophages were isolated from sewage at the Tertiary Pediatric Hospital. Bacteriophages (10×108 PFU/ml) were diluted and were mixed with 100 μl of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 (1.5×108 CFU/ml). The tubes were incubated for 20 min at 37 °C, at intervals 10 min, 10 μl samples were removed and directly were investigated MRSA ATCC morphology, roughness parameter, 3D topography, cell height, and fast Fourier transform (FFT) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. Concurrently turbidity assay were performed.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Concentration of MRSA ATCC No. 33591 strain after 10 min in phage-treated MRSA S3 (1.5×106 CFU/ml), S4 (1.5×105 CFU/ml), S5 (1.5×104 CFU/ml), S6 (1.5×103 CFU/ml) decreased 2-log, 3-log, 4-log, and 5-log respectively. The results AFM micrographs shown the most changes in bacterial morphology and 3D topography, destruction of cell wall, decrease of cell height, and loss of their shape after 10 min at phage-treated MRSA S3 (1.5×106 CFU/ml), S4 (1.5×105 CFU/ml), S5 (1.5×104 CFU/ml), S6 (1.5×103 CFU/ml) respectively .<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> In this study MRSA ATCC ultra-structural changes in phage-treated MRSA ATCC groups directly were detected using AFM technique.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Evaluation of lentinan effects on cytochrome P450 activity in rats by a cocktail method2963011219410.22038/ijbms.2019.31611.7611ENYiping LinJinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, Zhejiang, China0000-0002-7266-1321Yanli WeiJinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, Zhejiang, ChinaXiaoxia HuJinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, ChinaMei-Ling WuJinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, Zhejiang, ChinaJingchan YaoJinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, Zhejiang, ChinaXiaoqian YingJinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, Zhejiang, ChinaXiaoyan FuJinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, Zhejiang, ChinaMingxing DingJinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, Zhejiang, ChinaLiman QiaoThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China0000-0003-0778-949XJournal Article20180503<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> In this study, a cocktail of probe drugs was used to assess whether lentinan could influence the activities of rat enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9 in vivo. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Fourteen days after intraperitoneal injection of lentinan, rats were given an oral dose of a cocktail solution containing phenacetin, tolbutamide, omeprazole, metoprolol, and midazolam. Then, we obtained blood in specific durations for the determination of plasma concentration of the probe drugs using UPLC-MS/MS. We also evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters using the DAS 2.0 software. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> We found that various concentrations of lentinan increased the activity of rat CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19 but not CYP2C9. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> These findings suggest that clinical application of lentinan combination with CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 should be given careful consideration as this may lead to herb-drug interactions and hence treatment failure.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Effect of IL-2 co-expressed or co-inoculated with immuno-dominant epitopes from VP1 protein of FMD virus on immune responses in BALB/c mice3023091223010.22038/ijbms.2019.31972.7683ENMohammad DoostiDepartment of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-4009-430XMohammadreza NassiriDepartment of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranRecombinant Proteins Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology and genetic group, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-7119-8155Khadijeh NasiriDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
4 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9444-9674Mojtaba TahmoorespurDepartment of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranSaeed ZibaeeRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20180517<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The results of studies on vaccine development for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus show that the use of inactivated vaccines for FMD virus is not completely effective. Novel vaccinations based on immuno-dominant epitopes have been shown to induce immune responses. Furthermore, for safety of immunization, access to efficient adjuvants against FMD virus seems to be critical.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> In this study, we produced epitope recombinant vaccines from the VP1 protein of the FMD virus for serotype O of Iran. Constructs were included polytope (tandem-repeat multiple-epitope), polytope coupled with interleukin-2 (polytope-IL 2) as a molecular adjuvant and IL-2. Three expression vectors were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). To evaluate whether these recombinant vaccines induce immune responses, BALB/c mice were injected with the recombinant vaccines and their immune responses were compared with a negative control group. The humoral and cellular immune responses were measured by ELISA.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The results showed that IL-2 co-expressed or co-inoculated with Polytope protein enhances the immune effect of multiple epitope recombinant vaccine against FMD virus. The results of total immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, and IgG2a levels and secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-4 and IL-10 revealed that there were significant differences between negative control group and other injected mice with the recombinant vaccines (<em>P<</em>0.05).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Observations indicated that the epitope recombinant plasmid of the VP1 protein co-expressed or co-inoculated with IL-2 was effective in inducing an enhanced immune response. Therefore, IL-2 can be recommended as a potential adjuvant for epitope recombinant vaccine of the VP1 protein from FMD virus.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Ketamine and its combinations with valproate and carbamazepine are ineffective against convulsions induced by atropine treatment and food intake in fasted mice3103141218810.22038/ijbms.2019.33890.8062ENNeriman GözüaçıkDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyAslı Zengin TürkmenDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, TurkeyAsiye NurtenDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, TurkeyNurhan EnginarDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey0000-0002-2225-0460Journal Article20180803<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Fasted rodents treated with antimuscarinics develop convulsions after refeeding. Food deprivation for 48 hr produces changes in [3H]glutamate binding suggesting glutamatergic contribution to the underlying mechanism of the seizures that are somewhat unresponsive to antiepileptics. Studies in animals and epileptic patients yielded considerable information regarding the anticonvulsant effect of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of ketamine and its combinations with valproate and carbamazepine on convulsions in fasted animals.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Following 24 hr of fasting, mice were given saline, 5 or 10 mg/kg ketamine, 250 mg/kg sodium valproate, 24 mg/kg carbamazepine, 5 mg/kg ketamine+sodium valproate, or 5 mg/kg ketamine+carbamazepine and then were treated with saline or 2.4 mg/kg atropine (5-9 mice per group). The animals were observed for the occurrence of convulsions after being allowed to eat ad libitum.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Ketamine, valproate and carbamazepine pretreatments were ineffective in preventing the convulsions developed after atropine treatment and food intake in fasted animals. The incidence of convulsions was significantly higher in 5 and 10 mg/kg ketamine, carbamazepine, and carbamazepine+ketamine groups, but not in the valproate and valproate+ketamine treated animals.<br /> <em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> In contrast to previous findings obtained with the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801), ketamine lacks activity against convulsions developed after fasting. The drug does not enhance the efficacy of valproate and carbamazepine either. Using different doses of ketamine or other NMDA antagonists, further studies may better clarify the anticonvulsant effect of ketamine and/or role of glutamate in these seizures.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Efficiency of naringin against reproductive toxicity and testicular damages induced by bisphenol A in rats3153231217910.22038/ijbms.2019.29757.7184ENSoheila AlboghobeishDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-6681-5793Masoud MahdaviniaDepartment of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranLeila ZeidooniDepartment of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranAzin SamimiDepartment of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranAli Akbar OroojanDepartment of Physiology, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0001-5249-3239Saeid AlizadehDepartment of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranMohammad Amin DehghaniDepartment of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-5719-3363Akram AhangarpourHealth Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-9534-9699Layasadat KhorsandiDepartment of Histology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-3391-3055Journal Article20180210<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Bisphenol A (BPA) as a synthetic compound is applied in many plastic industries. BPA has been reported to have endocrine-disrupting feature with cytotoxic effects. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Naringin against testicular toxicity induced by BPA in adult rats.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> The animals were assigned into six groups of control, BPA-treated (50 mg/kg), BPA+Naringin-administrated (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) and Naringin-treated (160 mg/kg) for 30 days. At the end of experiments, testicular weight, total testicular protein, epididymal sperm count, testicular enzymes, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and estradiol, testicular enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and histopathology of testis tissue were evaluated by their own methods. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The results showed a reduction in testicular weight, total testicular protein, epididymal sperm count, testicular enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase) and decrease in the serum TSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol in BPA-administrated rats. Furthermore, BPA reduced the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in testis tissue. Also, BPA caused an induction in lipid peroxidation and increase in reactive oxygen species levels, whereas it decreased the glutathione content of testis tissue. Histological findings exhibited seminiferous tubules vacuoles, atrophy and separation of the germinal epithelium in BPA-administrated rats. Oral administration of Naringin along with BPA normalized the biochemical, morphological and histological changes and reduced the testicular toxic condition. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> These results demonstrated that Naringin significantly managed male reproductive toxicity by antioxidant capabilities, preventing morphological modifications and escalating defense mechanism, thereby reducing oxidative stress from BPA-induced damage.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Association of rs712 polymorphism in a let-7 microRNA-binding site of KRAS gene with colorectal cancer in a Mexican population3243271214710.22038/ijbms.2019.26564.6507ENGallegos Martha PatriciaDivisión de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México0000-0003-4539-1693Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-GonzálezMedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico0000-0003-1257-4637Karen Gómez-MariscalMedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoMónica Alejandra Rosales-ReynosoMedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoLuis E FigueraDivisión de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MéxicoAna María Puebla-PérezLaboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoTomas Pineda-RazoServicio de Oncología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico0000-0002-6757-731XJournal Article20170926<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The rs712 polymorphism in a let-7 microRNA-binding site at KRAS gene has been associated with cancer. To examine its association with rs712 polymorphism, we analyzed Mexican individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) and healthy subjects. <br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> Genotyping of the rs712 polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction in 281 controls and 336 CRC patients. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The observed frequencies of rs712 polymorphism indicated an associated protective factor for CRC (P=0.032). An association between genotype and the disease was evident in: colon localization (allele T, odds ratio (OR) 3.82, 95% confidence Intervals (CI) 2.77-5.28, P=0.0001), node metastasis (genotype TT, OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.45-4.28, P=0.0009), poor differentiation (genotype GT, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.35-4.1, P=0.0033), and poor chemotherapy response (genotype GT, OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-4.24, P=0.0001). <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Comparison of the data from patients with control group showed that polymorphism of rs712 in KRAS gene was protective factor, which was associated with susceptibility for CRC. However, the genotypes TT and GT of rs712 polymorphism in KRAS could contribute significantly to colon localization, node metastasis, poor differentiation and poor chemotherapy response in CRC patients in this sample population.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-386622320190301Reno-protective effect of Rheum turkestanicum against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity3283331216910.22038/ijbms.2019.31552.7597ENMohammad Taher BoroushakiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-5956-3471Sahar FanoudiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHamid MollazadehDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, IranSamaneh Boroumand-NoughabiDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDeparment of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAzar HosseiniPharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-5842-6157Journal Article20180430<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Gentamicin belongs to the family of aminoglycoside antibiotics and is a preferred drug in developing countries because of its low cost, availability, and potent effects against bacterial. However, gentamicin can induce nephrotoxicity. In this research, hydroalcoholic extract of Rheum turkestanicum was used against gentamicin- induced nephrotoxicity. Rheum turkestanicum is used against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and in this study its effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats has been investigated.<br /><em><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em> The rats were placed into one of these groups: saline group, gentamicin group that received gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day for six days, and two treatment groups that received R. turkestanicum intraperitoneally at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively, 1 hr before gentamicin injections. Urine samples were collected at 24 hr to measure glucose and protein concentration. Blood samples were collected to determine serum urea and creatinine. One kidney was homogenized to measure malondialdehyde and thiol, and the other kidney was kept for pathological studies. <br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Gentamicin increased the level of urinary glucose and protein, and increased malondialdehyde while it decreased thiol in kidney tissue, and increased the concentration of urea and creatinine in the serum. Histopathological pathology revealed renal damage following gentamicin usage; however, the extract was able to improve gentamicin toxicity. <br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> <em>R. turkestanicum</em> has positive effects in the attenuation of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.