Keyword Index

A

  • Acetaminophen Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
  • Acetylcholinesterase Alzheimer’s disease Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
  • Acetylsalicylic acid Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
  • Achyranthes Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
  • Acrylamide Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
  • Acute kidney injury Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
  • Acute liver injury Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
  • Adipocyte differentiation PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
  • Adipogenesis In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
  • Adjuvant Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
  • Adropin Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
  • Akt Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
  • Akt Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
  • Akt Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
  • Akt/mTOR/p70S6K-signaling pathway The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
  • Albendazole Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
  • Alginate Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
  • Alginate hydrogel Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
  • Alpha-pinene Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
  • Alpha-synuclein Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
  • Alzheimer’s Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
  • Alzheimer’s disease The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
  • Alzheimer’s disease Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]
  • Amantadine Amantadine reduces sepsis-induced brain injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 620-626]
  • AMPK ATP Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
  • AMPK/mTOR pathway COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
  • AMPK pathway Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
  • Amyloid-β Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
  • Anemoside B4 Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
  • Angiotensin II Echinacoside alleviates Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis by enhancing the SIRT1/IL-11 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 130-140]
  • Angiotensin II Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
  • Angiotensin II Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
  • Anti-aging Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
  • Antibacterial properties Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]
  • Anti-inflammatory Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
  • Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
  • Anti-oxidant Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
  • Antioxidants Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
  • Antioxidants Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
  • Apigenin Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
  • Apoptosis Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
  • Apoptosis Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
  • Apoptosis Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
  • Apoptosis Rosmarinic acid attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in folic acid-induced renal injury: Role of FoxO3/ NFκB pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 316-322]
  • Apoptosis Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
  • Apoptosis The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
  • Apoptosis Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
  • Apoptosis COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
  • Apoptosis Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
  • Apoptosis Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
  • Apoptosis Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
  • Apoptosis Amantadine reduces sepsis-induced brain injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 620-626]
  • Apoptosis Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
  • Apoptosis Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
  • Apoptosis Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
  • Apoptosis Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
  • Apoptosis Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
  • Apoptosis Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
  • Apoptosis Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
  • Apoptosis Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
  • Apoptosis Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
  • Apoptosis Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
  • Apoptosis Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
  • Apoptosis Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • Appetite regulation Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
  • Arrhythmia Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]
  • Asthma PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
  • Atherosclerosis Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
  • Autophagy Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
  • Autophagy Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
  • Autophagy Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
  • Autophagy Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
  • Autophagy Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
  • AZD0530و Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Fyn kinase mediates the development of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 880-887]
  • Azelaic acid Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]

B

  • Bacteria Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
  • Basal forebrain Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
  • BDNF Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
  • BDNF Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
  • Bilateral ovariectomies Can resisted swimming exercise substitute for the protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal rat model? [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 718-727]
  • Biocompatible polymers Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
  • Biomarker Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
  • Biopolymer Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]
  • Bisphenol A Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
  • BLA Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
  • Bladder cancer COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
  • Body mass index Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
  • Boric acid Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
  • BRAF Inhibitors Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • Brain Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
  • Brain injury Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
  • Breast Cancer Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
  • Breast Feeding Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
  • Brown fat tissue Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]

C

  • C57BL/6 mouse Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
  • CA1 region Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
  • CaCl2 Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
  • Cancer Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
  • Cancer Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
  • Cancer Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
  • Cancer therapy Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
  • Carbon tetrachloride Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
  • Carbon tetrachloride Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
  • Carboxymethyllysine Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
  • Carcinogenesis Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • Cardiac fibroblast Spermine: A prospective treatment for high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 907-915]
  • Cardiac fibrosis Echinacoside Echinacoside alleviates Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis by enhancing the SIRT1/IL-11 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 130-140]
  • Cardiac hypertrophy SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
  • Cardiac hypertrophy Pim3 up-regulation by YY1 contributes to diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 245-253]
  • Cardiotoxicity Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
  • Cardiovascular diseases Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
  • Cardiovascular diseases Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
  • Cardiovascular system Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
  • Carnosol Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • Caspase 3 Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
  • Caspase-3 Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
  • Casticin Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
  • Castration Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]
  • Cationic Liposome Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
  • CD4+ T-lymphocytes Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
  • CD8+ T-lymphocytes Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
  • Cell-Imprinting Substrate engineering using naturally biomimicking corneal cell topography for preserving stemness of corneal limbal epithelial-stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 916-928]
  • Cell Proliferation Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
  • Cell Proliferation Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
  • Cell Proliferation Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • Cell therapy Substrate engineering using naturally biomimicking corneal cell topography for preserving stemness of corneal limbal epithelial-stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 916-928]
  • Cerebral infarction Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
  • Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
  • Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
  • Chemodynamic Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
  • Chemoresistance Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
  • Chitosan Effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with platelet lysate on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse premature ovarian failure model [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 937-945]
  • Chromosomes Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
  • Chrysin Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
  • Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
  • CircRNAs Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
  • Classical Apoptosis The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
  • Coenzyme Q10 Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]
  • Cognition Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
  • COL3A1 Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
  • Cold Temperature Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
  • Collagen Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
  • Collagen I Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
  • Collagen III Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
  • Colorectal cancer Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
  • Colorectal Neoplasms Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
  • Computational biology Bioinformatics analysis identifies dysregulation of MiR-548F-3p and its hub gene in triple-negative breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 434-443]
  • Cornea Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
  • Corneal Epithelium Substrate engineering using naturally biomimicking corneal cell topography for preserving stemness of corneal limbal epithelial-stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 916-928]
  • Corneal Topography Limbal Stem Cell Polydimethylsiloxane Substrate engineering Substrate engineering using naturally biomimicking corneal cell topography for preserving stemness of corneal limbal epithelial-stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 916-928]
  • Cortical granules Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
  • COTI-2 COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
  • Creatinine Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
  • Crocin Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • Curcuma xanthorrhiza Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
  • Curcumin Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]
  • Curcumin Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
  • Curcumin Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
  • Cyclophosphamide Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
  • Cyclophosphamide Effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with platelet lysate on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse premature ovarian failure model [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 937-945]
  • Cyclophosphamide Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
  • Cytochromes Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
  • Cytokine Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
  • Cytokines Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
  • Cytokines Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]

D

  • Dacarbazine Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • Dendritic cells Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
  • Dentate gyrus Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
  • Depression Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
  • Deprivation Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
  • Diabetes Complications Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
  • Diabetes Mellitus Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
  • Diabetes Mellitus Pim3 up-regulation by YY1 contributes to diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 245-253]
  • Diabetes Mellitus Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
  • Diabetes mellitus type 2 Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
  • Diabetic rats Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
  • Diclofenac Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
  • Dietary supplements Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]
  • Dietary supplements Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
  • Diosmin The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
  • Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
  • Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
  • DLL4 Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
  • DNAsome Nanomolecular silencing of TSC22D4 mRNA via a DNAsome-siRNA for enhancing insulin sensitization in hepatocytes [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 385-392]
  • Domperidone Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
  • Dopamine Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
  • Drug combinations Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • Drug Delivery Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
  • Drug resistance Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
  • Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]

E

  • Echinococcus granulosus Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
  • EGFR Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
  • Ellagic acid Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
  • Ellagic acid Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
  • Endometrial neoplasms Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
  • Endometriosis Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
  • Endoplasmic reticulum stress Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
  • Endoplasmic reticulum- stress Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
  • Endoplasmic reticulum- stress Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
  • Endurance Exercise Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]
  • Endurance training Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]
  • Energy metabolism SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
  • Epididymis Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
  • Epigallocatechin gallate EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
  • Epithelial sodium channel Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]
  • ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L - signaling Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
  • ER stress Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
  • Estradiol valerate Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
  • Estrogen deficiency Hippocampal Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
  • Ethosomes Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]
  • Exercise Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
  • Exosome Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
  • Extracellular matrix- degradation The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
  • Extracellular vesicles Glioma Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]

F

  • Ferroptosis EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
  • Flavonoids The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
  • Fluorouracil Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
  • Free radical scavengers Liver injury Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
  • Functional recovery Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
  • Fyn Fyn kinase mediates the development of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 880-887]

G

  • GABAA receptor Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
  • Galactogogues Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
  • Garcinia kola Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
  • Gas foaming Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
  • GBM Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
  • Gene expression Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]
  • Gene expression Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
  • Gene expression Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
  • Gene expression profiling Bioinformatics analysis identifies dysregulation of MiR-548F-3p and its hub gene in triple-negative breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 434-443]
  • Gene expression profiling Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
  • Gene silencing Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • Genetic predisposition Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
  • GHG PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
  • Ginkgetin Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
  • Ginkgo biloba Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
  • Glioblastoma Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
  • Glioblastoma Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
  • Glioma Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
  • Glucocorticoid Effect of thymoquinone on vitamin D metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 292-298]
  • Glucose Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
  • Glucose Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
  • Glutamate Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
  • Glutamic acid Scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: Soursop leaf extract and fractions protect the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 355-365]
  • Glutaraldehyde Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
  • Glutathione Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
  • Glutathione Anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects of pyridoxal phosphate in rats with metabolic syndrome by raising anti-oxidant potential in both serum and liver tissue, while also decreasing hepatic nuclear factor expression [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1012-1018]
  • Glycation Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
  • Glycation Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
  • Glycine max Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
  • Glyoxalase-I Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
  • GPR19 Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
  • Granulocyte-macrophage - colony-stimulating factor Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
  • Gypenosides Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]

H

  • HDAC3 Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
  • Heat Shock Protein Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
  • Hemorrhage Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
  • Hepatic stellate cells Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
  • HepG2 Nanomolecular silencing of TSC22D4 mRNA via a DNAsome-siRNA for enhancing insulin sensitization in hepatocytes [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 385-392]
  • HepG2 Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
  • Herbal Medicine Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
  • Hes1 Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
  • Hesperetin- 7-Rhamnoglucoside The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
  • Hesperidin The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
  • HIF-1 EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
  • High-fat diet Can resisted swimming exercise substitute for the protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal rat model? [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 718-727]
  • High-intensity interval training Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
  • HMOX1 EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
  • HPV-16-E7d Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
  • Hs-CRP Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
  • Human T-cell leukemia - virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
  • Hydatidosis Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
  • Hydroxytyrosol Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
  • Hypertension Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]
  • Hypothalamus Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]

I

  • IFN-γ Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
  • Imiquimod Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
  • Immune response Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
  • Immunity Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
  • Immunomodulation Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
  • Immunopathogenesis Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
  • Immunotherapy Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
  • Infertility Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
  • Inflammation Rosmarinic acid attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in folic acid-induced renal injury: Role of FoxO3/ NFκB pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 316-322]
  • Inflammation Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
  • Inflammation Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
  • Inflammation Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
  • Inflammation Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
  • Inflammation Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
  • Inflammation Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
  • Inflammation PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
  • Inflammation Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
  • Inflammation Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
  • Inflammation Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
  • Inflammation Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
  • Inflammation Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
  • Inflammation Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
  • Inflammation Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
  • Inflammation Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
  • Inflammation Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
  • Inflammatory factors Intervertebral disc degeneration The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
  • Inflammatory mediators Scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: Soursop leaf extract and fractions protect the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 355-365]
  • Inflammatory - osteoclastogenesis Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
  • Innate lymphoid cells Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
  • Insecticides The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
  • Insulin Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
  • Insulin Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
  • Interleukin–6 Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]
  • In vitro models In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]

J

  • Janus kinases Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]

K

  • Ketamine NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
  • Ketone bodies Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]
  • Kidney Injury Rosmarinic acid attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in folic acid-induced renal injury: Role of FoxO3/ NFκB pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 316-322]
  • Knee Osteoarthritis Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]

L

  • Lateral periaqueductal gray Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
  • Lavender oil Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
  • Learning Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
  • Leishmania major In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
  • Leptin Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
  • Leptin PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
  • Lipid accumulation Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
  • Lipid metabolism Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
  • Lipid metabolism Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
  • Lipopolysaccharide Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
  • Lipopolysaccharide Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
  • Liver Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
  • Liver fibrosis Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
  • Liver neoplasms Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
  • Liver neoplasms Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • Locus coeruleus Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
  • Long non-coding RNA Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]
  • Long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2 Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
  • LOXL2 protein Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
  • Loxoprofen Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]
  • Lung Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
  • Lung injury Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
  • Lycopene Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
  • Lysine-deficient protein - kinase Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]

M

  • M1 macrophage Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
  • MAPK Fyn kinase mediates the development of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 880-887]
  • Matrix metalloproteinase 9 Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
  • MC4-L2 Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
  • Melanoma Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • Melatonin Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
  • Melittin Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
  • Meloxicam Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
  • Memantine NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
  • Membranous nephropathy Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
  • Memory Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
  • Menopause Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
  • Mesenchymal stem cells Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
  • Mesenchymal stem cells Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
  • Mesenchymal stem cells Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
  • Metabolism Effect of thymoquinone on vitamin D metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 292-298]
  • Methylene blue Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
  • Methylglyoxal Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
  • Mice Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
  • Mice Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
  • Microbiota Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
  • MicroRNA Neurodegenerative diseases Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]
  • Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
  • Migraine Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
  • Migration Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
  • MiR-448 Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
  • Mitochondria Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]
  • Mitochondria Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
  • Mitochondria Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
  • Mitochondria SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
  • Mitochondria Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
  • Mitochondria Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
  • Mitochondria Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
  • Mitochondrial dynamics Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
  • Mitotherapy Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
  • Molecular docking Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
  • Molecular docking Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
  • Molecular dynamics - Simulation Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
  • Molecular mechanism In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
  • Monocrotaline Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
  • Morin Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
  • Morin Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
  • Motor Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
  • Myocardial infarction Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
  • Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]

N

  • NAFLD Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
  • Naloxone Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
  • Nanocapsules Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
  • Nanocarriers Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]
  • Nanoemulsions Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
  • Nanofibers Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]
  • Nanoformulation Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
  • Nanomedicine In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
  • Nanoparticles Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
  • Nanoparticles Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]
  • Nanoparticles Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
  • Nanotechnology Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
  • Nanozyme Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
  • Neoplasms Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
  • Nephrotoxicity Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
  • Nephrotoxicity Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
  • Nephrotoxicity Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
  • Nerve regeneration Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
  • Neural Protection Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
  • Neuroinflammation NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
  • Neuroinflammation Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
  • Neuropathy The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
  • Neuropeptide FF Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]
  • Neuroprotection Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
  • Neuroprotective Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
  • Neuroprotective agents The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
  • NF-kappa B PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
  • NF-kappa B Anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects of pyridoxal phosphate in rats with metabolic syndrome by raising anti-oxidant potential in both serum and liver tissue, while also decreasing hepatic nuclear factor expression [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1012-1018]
  • NF-kappa β Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
  • NF- kB Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
  • NF-kB pathway Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
  • NF-kB signaling Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
  • NF-κB Fyn kinase mediates the development of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 880-887]
  • Niacin Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
  • Nigella Sativa Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
  • NLR Family PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
  • NLRP6 inflammasome Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
  • NMDA receptor antagonist NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
  • Non-coding RNA Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]
  • Noncoding RNA Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
  • Non-NMDA receptor Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
  • Notch1 Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
  • Npas4 Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
  • Nrf2/HO-1 pathway Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
  • NRG2 Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
  • NSAID Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]

O

  • Obesity Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
  • Obesity In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
  • Obesity-associated - nephropathy Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
  • Obesity Management Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
  • Obstructive jaundice Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
  • OGD/R Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
  • Oil adjuvants Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
  • Oocyte maturation Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
  • Ovariectomy Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
  • Ovariectomy Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
  • Ovary Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
  • Oxidative stress Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]
  • Oxidative stress Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
  • Oxidative stress Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
  • Oxidative stress NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
  • Oxidative stress Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
  • Oxidative stress The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
  • Oxidative stress Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
  • Oxidative stress Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
  • Oxidative stress Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
  • Oxidative stress Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
  • Oxidative stress Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
  • Oxidative stress Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
  • Oxidative stress Can resisted swimming exercise substitute for the protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal rat model? [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 718-727]
  • Oxidative stress Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
  • Oxidative stress Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
  • Oxidative stress Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
  • Oxidative stress Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
  • Oxidative stress Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
  • Oxidative stress Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
  • Oxidative stress Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
  • Oxidative stress Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
  • Oxidative stresses The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
  • Oxygen-glucose-deprivation/re-oxygenation Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]

P

  • Paclitaxel Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
  • Pain Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
  • Paraquat Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
  • Parkinson’s disease Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
  • Parkinson’s disease Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
  • Pentoxifylline Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
  • Personalized Medicine Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
  • Pharmacology Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
  • Phenolic acid Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
  • Phosphorylation Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
  • Photochemotherapy Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
  • Photodynamic Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
  • Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
  • Photosensitizer In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
  • Photothermal Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
  • Photothermal therapy (PTT) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
  • Phytochemicals In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
  • Phytoestrogen Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
  • Phytoestrogens Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
  • Phytotherapy Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • PI3K Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
  • PI3K Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
  • PI3K Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
  • PI3K-Akt Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
  • PI3K/Akt Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
  • PIK3CG Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
  • Pioglitazone Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
  • Plant Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
  • Plant extracts Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
  • Platelet-rich plasma The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
  • Platelet-rich plasma Effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with platelet lysate on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse premature ovarian failure model [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 937-945]
  • Plinabulin Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
  • PM2.5 Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
  • Podocyte Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
  • Polycaprolactone Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
  • Polydioxanone Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
  • Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid - (PLGA) Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
  • Poly l-lactic acid Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
  • Pore size Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
  • PPAR Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
  • PPAR gamma Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
  • Premature Ovarian Failure Effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with platelet lysate on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse premature ovarian failure model [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 937-945]
  • Preoptic area Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
  • Prolactin Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
  • Proliferation COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
  • Proliferation Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
  • Protein expression Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
  • Protein hydrolysates Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
  • Protein hydrolysates Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
  • Proto-oncogene proteins - B-raf Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • Proviral insertion of- Moloney virus 3 kinase Pim3 up-regulation by YY1 contributes to diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 245-253]
  • Psoriasis Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
  • Psoriasis Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
  • Puerarin Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
  • Pulmonary administration Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
  • Pulmonary arterial - hypertension Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
  • Purple tea PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
  • Pyridoxal phosphate Anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects of pyridoxal phosphate in rats with metabolic syndrome by raising anti-oxidant potential in both serum and liver tissue, while also decreasing hepatic nuclear factor expression [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1012-1018]
  • Pyrin domain containing 3 - protein PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
  • Pyroptosis Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
  • Pyroptosis Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase - kinase 4 Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]

R

  • Radioresistance Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
  • Rat Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
  • Rat Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
  • Rat Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
  • Rats Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
  • RAW264.7 cells Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
  • Reactive Oxygen Species Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
  • Reactive Oxygen Species Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
  • Reactive Oxygen Species Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
  • Regeneration Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
  • Renal fibrosis Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
  • Renal ischemia/reperfusion- injury Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
  • Resins Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
  • Respiratory System Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
  • Retrovirus Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
  • RGD motif Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
  • Rheumatoid arthritis Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
  • RIP140 SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
  • RNA Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • RNA sequencing analysis Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
  • ROS Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
  • Rosmarinic acid Rosmarinic acid attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in folic acid-induced renal injury: Role of FoxO3/ NFκB pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 316-322]
  • Rosmarinic acid Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • Royal jelly Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
  • Rutin Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]

S

  • S100A9 Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
  • Saffron Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
  • Safranal Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
  • Salidroside Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
  • Scaffold Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
  • Selegiline Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
  • Sepsis Amantadine reduces sepsis-induced brain injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 620-626]
  • Sepsis Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
  • Sepsis-associated - encephalopathy Amantadine reduces sepsis-induced brain injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 620-626]
  • Sex differences Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]
  • Signal transduction Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
  • Signal transduction The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
  • Sinapic acid Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
  • SIRT1 Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
  • SIRT5 SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
  • Sirtuin 1 Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
  • Sirtuin1 Echinacoside alleviates Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis by enhancing the SIRT1/IL-11 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 130-140]
  • Sirtuin 2 Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
  • Sirtuin 3 Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
  • Sleep Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
  • Sleep Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
  • Sleep Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
  • Small interfering Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • Sodium arsenite Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
  • Sodium valproate Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
  • Solvent casting Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
  • Sonodynamic Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
  • Soybean Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
  • Sperm Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
  • Spermatogonial stem cell Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
  • Spermine Spermine: A prospective treatment for high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 907-915]
  • Spinal cord injury Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
  • Spinal cord injury Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
  • Spinal cord injury EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
  • Spindle apparatus Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
  • Sports Medicine Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
  • SREBP-1C Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
  • SSRI Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
  • Sulforaphane Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
  • Survival Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
  • Survival analysis Bioinformatics analysis identifies dysregulation of MiR-548F-3p and its hub gene in triple-negative breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 434-443]
  • Survival rate Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
  • Swimming Can resisted swimming exercise substitute for the protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal rat model? [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 718-727]
  • Systematic review In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]

T

  • T2DM combined with - NAFLD Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
  • Tanshinone IIA Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
  • TDDS Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]
  • Temozolomide Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
  • Testicular damage Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]
  • Testicular extracellular- matrix Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
  • Testis toxicity Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
  • Testosterone Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
  • TGF-β1 Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
  • TGF-β1 Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
  • TGF-β1/Smads Spermine: A prospective treatment for high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 907-915]
  • Th2 cells PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
  • Thiamine Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
  • Thin-layer chromatography Scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: Soursop leaf extract and fractions protect the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 355-365]
  • Thymoquinone Effect of thymoquinone on vitamin D metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 292-298]
  • Thymoquinone Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
  • Tissue engineering Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
  • TLR4 Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
  • Toll-like receptor 4 Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
  • Toll-like receptors Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
  • Topical ivermectin Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
  • Torsion Detorsion Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
  • Toxicity The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
  • Toxoplasma gondii Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
  • Transitional protein Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
  • Transparent scaffolds Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
  • Transplantation Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
  • Traumatic brain injury NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
  • Triple negative breast - neoplasms Bioinformatics analysis identifies dysregulation of MiR-548F-3p and its hub gene in triple-negative breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 434-443]
  • Troxerutin Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
  • TSC22D4 Nanomolecular silencing of TSC22D4 mRNA via a DNAsome-siRNA for enhancing insulin sensitization in hepatocytes [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 385-392]
  • Tumor Microenvironment Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
  • Tumor Microenvironment Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
  • Tumor therapy Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
  • Type 2 diabetes Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]
  • Type 2 diabetes Spermine: A prospective treatment for high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 907-915]

U

  • UVB Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]

V

  • Vaccine formulation Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
  • Valproic acid Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]
  • Valproic acid Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
  • VDAC1 Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
  • VEGFR2 Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
  • Verbenone Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
  • Vitamin D Effect of thymoquinone on vitamin D metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 292-298]
  • Voluntary exercise Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
  • Vortioxetine Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]

W

  • Weight loss Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
  • Weight loss PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
  • Wound healing Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]

Y

  • Yavar-70A Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
  • Yin Yang 1 Pim3 up-regulation by YY1 contributes to diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 245-253]
  • Young plasma Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]