Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK

3 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 Iranian UNESCO Center of Excellence for Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

5 Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of metabolic abnormalities and anthropometric factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the search for effective treatments intensifies, attention has turned towards natural substances with potential medicinal benefits. Among them, vanillic acid, a phenolic acid present in many plants, has attracted some attention due to its wide range of biological activities. This review aimed to provide an in-depth summary of the potential therapeutic use of vanillic acid in metabolic syndrome. The potential mechanisms of action of vanillic acid, including its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties, are discussed. The effect of vanillic acid on glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and adipocyte activity is also addressed. The effect of vanillic acid on lipid metabolism, including the control of lipid synthesis, breakdown, and transport, is also reviewed. The emerging evidence for the beneficial effects of vanillic acid in animal models, in vitro studies, and preliminary clinical studies is also highlighted. The data suggests that vanillic acid has the potential to ameliorate metabolic syndrome. However, further preclinical and clinical research is needed to determine the specific mechanisms of action, appropriate dose, and subsequent advantages of vanillic acid. A more comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of vanillic acid could pave the way for developing innovative techniques for preventing and treating metabolic syndrome and its implications.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Volume 28, Issue 2
February 2025
Pages 141-150

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