Lectin Histochemical Study of Vasculogenesis During Rat Pituitary Morphogenesis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

Objective(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate glycoconjugates distribution patterns as well as their changes during the course of pituitary portal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Materials and Methods
Formalin fixed paraffin sections of 10 to 20 days of Sprague Dawly rat fetuses were processed for histochemical studies using four different horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated lectins. Orange peel fungus (OFA), Vicica villosa (VVA), Glycine max (SBA) and Wistaria floribunda (WFA) specific for α-L Fucose, D-Gal, α, ß-D-GalNAc and D- GalNAc terminal sugars of glycoconjugates respectively.
Results
Our finding indicated that adenohypophysal cells reacted with OFA on gestational day 10 (E10) and increased progressively to E14. Staining intensity did not change from days 14 to17, then after increased following days to E20 significantly (P< 0.05). A few cells around Rathke’s pouch reacted with VVA on E13, increased to E14 and decreased significantly afterward (P< 0.05). Reaction of some cells around Rathke’s pouch reacted with SBA on E14. This visible reaction was the same as E18 and decreased later (P< 0.05). Many cells around Rathke’s pouch reacted with WFA on E13 and increased on E 14 and E15 and decreased thereafter (P< 0.05).
Conclusion
Reactions of OFA and other tested lectins with endothelial cells around Rathke’s pouch and developing pars distalis were different. These results suggest that embryonic origin of hypophiseal pituitary portal (HPP) system endothelial cells are not the same and our finding also indicated that glycoconjugates with terminal sugars α-L-Fucose, D-Gal, α, ß-D-GalNAc may play critical role(s) in cell interactions and tissue differentiations such as vasculogensis and angiogenesis as well as other developmental precursors in formation of the pituitary gland.

Keywords


1. Stepien HM, Kolomecki K, Pasieka Z, Komorowski J, Stepien T, Kuzdak K. Angiogenesis of endocrine gland tumors new molecular targets in diagnostics and therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 2002; 146:143-151.
2. Jessica DG,William G. Angiogenesis. Med Rev 2002; 3:38-143.
3. Hirashima M. Regulation of endothelial cell differentiation and arterial specification by VEGF and Notch signaling. Anat Sci Int 2009 84:95-101.
4. Goldie LC, Nix MK, Hirschi KK. Embryonic Vasculogenesis and hematopoietic specification. Organogenesis 2008; 4:257-63.
5. Domenico R, Angelo V, Macro P.The discovery of angiogenic factors: A historical review. Gen Pharmacol 2002; 23:227-231.
6. Miosge N, Gotz W, Quondamatteo F, Herken R. Comparison of lectin binding patterns in malformation and normal human embryos and fetus. Teratology 1998; 57:85-92.
7. Pratima NM, Avraham S. Carbohydrate-recognition and angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2000; 19:51-57.
8. Dubois PM, Elamraoui A. Embryology of the pituitary gland.Trends Endocrinol Metab 1995; 6:1-7.
9. Szabo K, Csanyi K. The blood supply of the developing hypophysis in rat embryos. Verh Anat Ges 1981; 75:507-509.
10. Couly G,Le Doarin NM. Mapping of the early neural primordium in quail – chick chimeras. Dev Biol 1987; 120:198-214.
11. Gotz W, Quondumatto F. Glycoconjugate distribution in human notochord and axial mesenchyme. Acta Histochem 2001; 103:21-35.
12. Shahal M, Thoma J, Shelley NM, Anne E. Selective binding of lectins to embryonic chicken Vasculature. J Histochem Cytochem 2003; 51:597-604.
13. Fazel AR,Thompson RP, Sumia H and Shulte BA. Lectin histochemistry of the embryonic heart: Focuse specific lectin binding sites in developing rat and chicks. Am J Anat 1989; 184:76-84.
14. Holthofer H. Vascularization of the embryonic kidney, detection of endothelial cells with ulex europaeus- 1. Cell differ 1986; 20:27-31.
15. Budihardjo H, Welim MT, Rainer H. Appearance of lectin-binding sites during vascularization of the primordium of the central nervous system in 10 to 12-day-old mouse embryos. Cell Tissue Res 1989; 255:1-5.
16. Helimut G, Konrad B, Telemenakis I, Modlich U, Walther K. Ovarian angiogenesis phenotypic characterization of endothelial cells in a physiological model of blood vessel growth and regression. Am J Pathol 19995; 147:339-351.
17. Bancroft JD, Stevens A. Theory and practice of histological techniques. 5th ed. London: Churchill Livingston; 2002.
18. Kiernan JA. Histological and histochemical methods theory and practice, 3rd ed. Oxford: Butter worth; 1990.
19. Fazel AR, Schulte BA, Spicer SS. Glycoconjugate unique to migrating primordial germ cell differs with Genera. Anat Rec 1990: 228:177-184.
20. Hassanzadeh Taheri MM, Nikravesh MR, D Jalali M, Fazel AR, Ebrahimzadeh AR. Distribution of specific glycoconjugates in early mouse embryonic notochord and paraxial mesenchyme. Iran Biomed J 2005; 9:21-26.
21. Ahi M, Zamansoltani F, Hassanzadeh Taheri MM, Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan AR. The role of GalNac terminal sugar on adernal gland development. Adv Biol Res 2007; 1:34-36.
22. Sheng HZ, Westphal H. Early steps in pituitary organogenesis. Trends Genet 1999; 15:238-240.
23. Micha W, Frontczak B. New vessel formation after surgical brain injury in the rat’s cerebral cortex II. Formation of the blood vessels distal to the surgical injury. Acta Neurobiol Exp 2003; 63: 77-82.
24. Szabo K, Csanyi K. The vascular architecture of the developing pituitary-median eminence complex in Rat. Cell Tissue Res 1982; 224:563-577.
25. Szabo K. Origin of the adenohypophiseal vessels in the Rat. J Anat 1987; 154: 229-235.
26. Risau W, Flamme I.Vasculogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1995; 11:73-91.
27. Lauro SJ, Bennett K, Tyler D. Kimelman D. A role for notochord in axial vascular development revealed by analysis of phenotype and the expression of VEGR-2 in Zerbar fish fth and ntl mutant embryos. Mech Dev 1997; 63:15-23.
28. Jakobsson L, Domogatskaya A, Tryggvason K, Edgar D, Claesson-Welsh L. Laminin deposition is dispensable for vasculogenesis but regulates blood vessel diameter independent of flow. FASEB J 2008; 22:1530-1539.
29. Liekens S, DeClercq E, Neyts J. Angiogenesis: regulators and clinical applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 61:253-270.
30. Olivier F, Christine M, Isabelle V. Expressional regulation of the angiopoietin-1 and -2 and the endothelialspecific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 in adrenal atrophy: Study of adernocorticotropin- induced repair. Endocrinology 2003; 144:4607-4615.