Promoting cardioprotection with fenugreek: Insights from CoCl2-induced hypoxia in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia

3 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

4 School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

5 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia

6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia

7 Centre for International Relations and Research Collaborations, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of fenugreek on CoCl2-induced hypoxia in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
Materials and Methods: Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from Sprague Dawley rats aged 0–2 days and incubated with various concentrations of fenugreek (10-320 µg/ml) and CoCl2-induced hypoxia for different durations (24, 48, and 72 hr). Cell viability, calcium signaling, beating rate, and gene expression were evaluated. 
Results: Fenugreek treatments did not cause any toxicity in cardiomyocytes. At a concentration of 160 µg/ml for 24 hr, fenugreek protected the heart against CoCl2-induced hypoxia, as evidenced by reduced expression of caspases (-3, -6, -8, and -9) and other functional genes markers, such as HIF-1α, Bcl-2, IP3R, ERK5, and GLP-1r. Calcium signaling and beating rate were also improved in fenugreek-treated cardiomyocytes. In contrast, CoCl2 treatment resulted in up-regulation of the hypoxia gene HIF-1α and apoptotic caspases gene (-3, -9, -8, -12), and down-regulation of Bcl-2 activity.
Conclusion: Fenugreek treatment at a concentration of 160 µg/ml was not toxic to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and protected against CoCl2-induced hypoxia. Furthermore, fenugreek improved calcium signaling and beating rate and altered gene expression. Fenugreek may be a potential therapeutic agent for promoting cardioprotection against hypoxia-induced injuries.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Volume 26, Issue 11
November 2023
Pages 1360-1369

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