1. Laskar N, Kumar U. Plastics and microplastics: A threat to environment. Environ Technol Inno 2019; 14:100352.
2. Wang S, Han Q, Wei Z, Wang Y, Xie J, Chen M. Polystyrene microplastics affect learning and memory in mice by inducing oxidative stress and decreasing the level of acetylcholine. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112904.
3. Hou J, Xu X, Yu H, Xi B, Tan W. Comparing the long-term responses of soil microbial structures and diversities to polyethylene microplastics in different aggregate fractions. Environ Int 2021; 149:106398.
4. Vallejos S, Trigo-López M, Arnaiz A, Miguel Á, Muñoz A, Mendía A, et al. From classical to advanced use of polymers in food and beverage applications. Polymers 2022;14:4954-4994.
5. Thompson RC, Moore CJ, Saal FSV, Swan SH. Plastics, the environment and human health: Current consensus and future trends. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009; 364:2153-2166.
6. Jia C, Das P, Kim I, Yoon YJ, Tay CY, Lee JM. Applications, treatments, and reuse of plastics from electrical and electronic equipment. J Ind Eng Chem 2022; 110:84-99.
7. Godoy V, Martín-Lara MA, Calero M, Blázquez G. Physical-chemical characterization of microplastics present in some exfoliating products from Spain. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 139:91-99.
8. Dimassi SN, Hahladakis JN, Yahia MND, Ahmad MI, Sayadi S, Al-Ghouti MA. Degradation-fragmentation of marine plastic waste and their environmental implications: A critical review. Arabian J Chem 2022; 15:104262.
9. Conowall P, Schreiner KM, Minor EC, Hrabik T, Schoenebeck CW. Variability of microplastic loading and retention in four inland lakes in Minnesota, USA. Environ Pollut 2023; 328:121573.
10. Alfaro-Nunez A, Astorga D, Caceres-Farias L, Bastidas L, Soto Villegas C, Macay K, et al. Microplastic pollution in seawater and marine organisms across the Tropical Eastern Pacific and Galápagos. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6424-6431.
11. Mishra AK, Singh J, Mishra PP. Microplastics in polar regions: An early warning to the world’s pristine ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 2021; 784:147149.
12. Rowley KH, Cucknell AC, Smith BD, Clark PF, Morritt D. London’s river of plastic: High levels of microplastics in the Thames water column. Sci Total Environ 2020; 740:140018.
13. Junaid M, Siddiqui JA, Liu S, Lan R, Abbas Z, Chen G, et al. Adverse multigeneration combined impacts of micro(nano)plastics and emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163679.
14. Hou B, Wang F, Liu T, Wang Z. Reproductive toxicity of polystyrene microplastics: In vivo experimental study on testicular toxicity in mice. J Hazard Mater 2021; 405:124028.
15. Jin Y, Lu L, Tu W, Luo T, Fu Z. Impacts of polystyrene microplastic on the gut barrier, microbiota and metabolism of mice. Sci Total Environ 2019; 649:308-317.
16. Weber A, Scherer C, Brennholt N, Reifferscheid G, Wagner M. PET microplastics do not negatively affect the survival, development, metabolism and feeding activity of the freshwater invertebrate Gammarus pulex. Environ Pollut 2018; 234:181-189.
17. Khalid N, Aqeel M, Noman A. Microplastics could be a threat to plants in terrestrial systems directly or indirectly. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115653.
18. Campanale C, Galafassi S, Savino I, Massarelli C, Ancona V, Volta P, et al. Microplastics pollution in the terrestrial environments: Poorly known diffuse sources and implications for plants. Sci Total Environ 2022; 805:150431.
19. Xie X, Deng T, Duan J, Xie J, Yuan J, Chen M. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics causes reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress and activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 190:110133.
20. Mondal T, Jho EH, Hwang SK, Hyeon Y, Park C. Responses of earthworms exposed to low-density polyethylene microplastic fragments. Chemosphere 2023; 333:138945.
21. Pironti C, Ricciardi M, Motta O, Miele Y, Proto A, Montano L. Microplastics in the environment: Intake through the food web, human exposure and toxicological effects. Toxics 2021; 9:224-252.
22. Ijaz MU, Shahzadi S, Samad A, Ehsan N, Ahmed H, Tahir A, et al. Dose-dependent effect of polystyrene microplastics on the testicular tissues of the male sprague dawley rats. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211019882.
23. Wu B, Wu X, Liu S, Wang Z, Chen L. Size-dependent effects of polystyrene microplastics on cytotoxicity and efflux pump inhibition in human Caco-2 cells. Chemosphere 2019; 221:333-341.
24. Andrady AL. The plastic in microplastics: A review. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 119:12-22.
25. Zheng H, Wang J, Wei X, Chang L, Liu S. Proinflammatory properties and lipid disturbance of polystyrene microplastics in the livers of mice with acute colitis. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:143085.
26. Hale RC, Seeley ME, La Guardia MJ, Mai L, Zeng EY. A global perspective on microplastics.J Geophys Res Oceans 2020; 125:e2018JC014719.
27. Eteraf-Oskouei T, Najafi M. Traditional and modern uses of natural honey in human diseases: A review. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2013; 16:731-742.
28. Azad F, Nejati V, Shalizar-Jalali A, Najafi G, Rahmani F. Anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of royal jelly against nicotine-induced testicular injury in mice. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:708-718.
29. Ramanathan ANKG, Nair AJ, Sugunan VS. A review on Royal Jelly proteins and peptides. J Funct Foods 2018; 44:255-264.
30. Shi Z, Enayatullah H, Lv Z, Dai H, Wei Q, Shen L, et al. Freeze-dried royal jelly proteins enhanced the testicular development and spermatogenesis in pubescent male mice. Animals 2019; 9:977-995.
31. Simuth J. Some properties of the main protein of honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly. Apidologie 2001; 32:69-80.
32. Griffiths K, Aggarwal B, Singh R, Buttar H, Wilson D, De Meester F. Food anti-oxidants and their anti-inflammatory properties: A potential role in cardiovascular diseases and cancer prevention. Diseases 2016; 4:28-42.
33. Ali AM, Kunugi H. Apitherapy for age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction (sarcopenia): A review on the effects of royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen. Foods 2020; 9:1362-1399.
34. Boselli E, Caboni MF, Sabatini AG, Marcazzan GL, Lercker G. Determination and changes of free amino acids in royal jelly during storage. Apidologie 2003; 34:129-137.
35. Martinello M, Mutinelli F. Anti-oxidant activity in bee products: A review. Antioxidants 2021; 10:71.
36. Brandt L, Ma D, Rawski TG. From divergence to convergence: Reevaluating the history behind China’s economic boom. J Econ Lit 2014; 52:45-123.
37. Palacios OM, Cortes HN, Jenks BH, Maki KC. Naturally occurring hormones in foods and potential health effects. Toxicol Res Appl 2020; 4:2397847320936281.
38. Anbara H, Shahrooz R, Razi M, Malekinejad H, Najafi G, Shalizar-Jalali A. Repro-protective role of royal jelly in phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in male mice: Histopathological, embryological, and biochemical evidence. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:1124-1135.
39. Wen S, Chen Y, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Liu S, You T, et al. Male reproductive toxicity of polystyrene microplastics: Study on the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113577.
40. Anbara H, Sheibani MT, Razi M. Long-term effect of aspartame on male reproductive system: Evidence for testicular histomorphometrics, hsp70-2 protein expression and biochemical status. Int J Fertil Steril 2020; 14:91-102.
41. Anbara H, Sheibani MT, Razi M, Kian M. Insight into the mechanism of aspartame-induced toxicity in male reproductive system following long-term consumption in mice model. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:223-237.
42. Zayman E, Gül M, Erdemli ME, Gül S, Bağ HG, Taşlıdere E. Biochemical and histopathological investigation of the protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E against the damage caused by acetamiprid in Balb-c mouse testicles at light and electron microscopic level. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2022; 29:47571-47584.
43. Rizwan A, Ijaz MU, Hamza A, Anwar H. Attenuative effect of astilbin on polystyrene microplastics induced testicular damage: Biochemical, spermatological and histopathological-based evidences. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 471:116559.
44. Jin H, Ma T, Sha X, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Meng X, et al. Polystyrene microplastics induced male reproductive toxicity in mice. J Hazard Mater 2021; 401:123430.
45. Zhang C, Chen J, Ma S, Sun Z, Wang Z. Microplastics may be a significant cause of male infertility. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221096549.
46. Chaudhary P, Janmeda P, Docea AO, Yeskaliyeva B, Abdull Razis AF, Modu B, et al. Oxidative stress, free radicals and anti-oxidants: Potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Front Chem 2023; 11:1158198.
47. Ayala A, Muñoz MF, Argüelles S. Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014; 2014:360438.
48. Ijaz MU, Najam S, Hamza A, Azmat R, Ashraf A, Unuofin JO, et al. Pinostrobin alleviates testicular and spermatological damage induced by polystyrene microplastics in adult Albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114686.
49. Wei Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Xie J, Han Q, Chen M. Comparing the effects of polystyrene microplastics exposure on reproduction and fertility in male and female mice. Toxicology 2022; 465:153059.
50. Lightfoot JT. Sex hormones’ regulation of rodent physical activity: A review. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:126-132.
51. Mahdivand N, Shalizar-Jalali A, Nejati V, Najafi G, Rahmani F. Adaptogenic potential of royal jelly in reproductive system of heat stress-exposed male rats. J Therm Biol 2021; 96:102827.
52. Ghanbari E, Nejati V, Khazaei M. Anti-oxidant and protective effects of Royal jelly on histopathological changes in testis of diabetic rats. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016; 14:519-526.
53. Yoshida M, Hayashi K, Watadani R, Okano Y, Tanimura K, Kotoh J, et al. Royal jelly improves hyperglycemia in obese/diabetic KK-Ay mice. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:299-307.
54. Park MJ, Kim BY, Park HG, Deng Y, Yoon HJ, Choi YS, et al. Major royal jelly protein 2 acts as an antimicrobial agent and anti-oxidant in royal jelly. J Asia Pac Entomol 2019; 22:684-689.
55. Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, et al. Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:8416763.
56. Chandra J, Samali A, Orrenius S. Triggering and modulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 29:323-333.
57. Mateo-Otero Y, Llavanera M, Recuero S, Delgado-Bermúdez A, Barranco I, Ribas-Maynou J, et al. Sperm DNA damage compromises embryo development, but not oocyte fertilisation in pigs. Biol Res 2022; 55:15-26.
58. Chapuis A, Gala A, Ferrières-Hoa A, Mullet T, Bringer-Deutsch S, Vintejoux E, et al. Sperm quality and paternal age: Effect on blastocyst formation and pregnancy rates. Basic Clin Androl 2017; 27:2-10.
59. Borges E, Zanetti BF, Setti AS, Braga DP de AF, Provenza RR, Iaconelli A. Sperm DNA fragmentation is correlated with poor embryo development, lower implantation rate, and higher miscarriage rate in reproductive cycles of non–male factor infertility. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:483-490.
60. Jin H, Ma T, Sha X, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Meng X, et al. Polystyrene microplastics induced male reproductive toxicity in mice. J Hazard Mater 2021; 401:123430.
61. Anbara H, Shahrooz R, Razi M, Malekinejad H, Najafi G. The effect of vitamin C on mice hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine: an animal model study using histological changes in testis, pre-implantation embryo development, and biochemical changes. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018;21:668-677.
62. Frank S, Gaume B, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Leitner WW, Robert EG, Smith CL, et al. The role of dynamin-related protein 1, a mediator of mitochondrial fission, in apoptosis matrix is causally associated with the loss of the mito. Dev Cell 2001; 1:515-525.
63. Jürgensmeier JM, Xie Z, Deveraux Q, Ellerby L, Bredesen D, Reed JC. Bax directly induces release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:4997-5002.
64. Jänicke RU, Sprengart ML, Wati MR, Porter AG. Caspase-3 is required for DNA fragmentation and morphological changes associated with apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:9357-9360.
65. Portt L, Norman G, Clapp C, Greenwood M, Greenwood MT. Anti-apoptosis and cell survival: A review. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1813:238-259.
66. Szondy Z, Sarang Z, Kiss B, Garabuczi É, Köröskényi K. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms triggered by apoptotic cells during their clearance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:909-918.
67. Corinaldesi C, Canensi S, Dell’Anno A, Tangherlini M, Di Capua I, Varrella S, et al. Multiple impacts of microplastics can threaten marine habitat-forming species. Commun Biol 2021; 4:431-442.
68. Jaikumar IM, Periyakali SB, Rajendran U, Joen-Rong S, Thanasekaran J, Tsorng-Harn F. Effects of microplastics, polystyrene, and polyethylene on anti-oxidants, metabolic enzymes, HSP-70, and myostatin expressions in the giant river prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii: Impact on survival and growth. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 80:645-658.
)