Effect of Hydroalcoholic and Buthanolic Extract of Cucumis sativus Seeds on Blood Glucose Level of Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Objective(s)
Seed of Cucumis sativus Linn. is one of the herbal remedies has been traditionally used for diabetes mellitus treatment. We studied the effect of hydroalcoholic and buthanolic extract obtained from C. sativus seeds in a model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (type I) rats.
Materials and Methods
Normal and diabetic male Wistar rats (STZ, 60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) were treated daily with vehicle (5 ml/kg), hydroalcoholic (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) and buthanolic extract (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) and glibenclamide (1 & 3 mg/kg) separately and treatment was continued for 9 days. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 hr of the first day and the day 9 (216 hr) of treatments for measuring the blood glucose levels.
Results
Our findings indicated that C. sativus seeds extracts were not effective on reducing blood glucose levels (BGL) in normal and diabetic rats for initial phase of treatments. However, both hydroalcoholic (22.5-33.8 %) and buthanolic (26.6- 45.0 %) extracts were effective on diminishing BGL and controling the loss of body weight in diabetic rats compared to controls after 9 days of continued daily therapy. Glibenclamide on the other hand, had hypoglycemic action in normal (27.8-31.0 %) and diabetic rats (36.0‌50.0 %) after acute and prolonged treatments.
Conclusion
It is concluded that C. sativus seeds extracts (hydroalcoholic and buthanolic) had a role in diabetes control probably through a mechanism similar to euglycemic agents. Further studies are warranted to clarify the mechanisms and the exact role of this herbal medicine in control of metabolic disorders.

Keywords

References

1.Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and social implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001; 414:782-787.
2.Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:1047-1053.
3.Esteghamati A, Gouya MM, Abbasi M, Delavari A, Alikhani S, Alaedini F, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the adult population of Iran: National survey of risk factors for non-communicable diseases of Iran. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:96-98.
4.Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK. Pharmacology.5th ed.London: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. 386-387.
5.Khan A, Safdar M. Role of diet, nutrients, spices and natural products in diabetes mellitus. Pakistan J Nutr? 2003; 2:1-12.
6.Narendhirakannan RT, Subramanian S, Kandaswamy M. Biochemical evaluation of antidiabetic properties of some commonly used Indian plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:1150-1157.
7.Trease GE, Evans WC. Trease and evans pharmacognosy. 15th ed. London: WB Saunders; 2002. p. 419, 420, 469,473.
8.Ghassemi-Dehkordi N, Moattar F, Mohagheghzadeh AA. General methods in pharmacognosy. In Iranian herbal pharmacopea scientific committee, editors. Iranian herbal pharmacopeae. 1st ed. Tehran: Iranian Minstry of Health Publications; 2002. p. 25.
9.Xia T, Wang Q. Antihyperglycemic effect of Cucurbita ficifolia fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:530-533.
10.Acosta-Patino JL, Jimenese-Balderas E, Juarez-Oropeza MA, Diaz-Zagoya JC. Hypoglycemic action of Cucurbita ficifolia on Type 2 diabetic patients with moderately high blood glucose levels. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 77:99-101.
11.Chen Q, Chan LL, Li ET. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) reduces adiposity, lowers serum insulin and normalizes glucose tolerance in rats fed a high fat diet. J Nutr 2003; 133:1088-1093.
12.Miura T, Itoh C, Iwamoto N, Kato M, Kawai M, Park SR, et al. Hypoglycemic activity of the fruit of the Mamordica charantia in type 2 diabetic mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2001; 47:340-344.
13.Dixit Y, Kar A. Protective role of three vegetable peels in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in male mice. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2010; 65: 284-9.
14.Han C, Hui Q, Wang Y. Hypoglycemic activity of saponin fraction extracted from Momordica charantia in PEG/salt aqueous two-phase systems. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:1112-1119.
15.Abou-Zaid MM, Lombardo DC, Kite GJ, Grayer RC, Veitch N. Acylated flavone C-glycosides from Cucumis sativus. Phytochemistry 2001; 58:167-172.
16.Roman-Ramos R, Florea-Saenz JL, Alarcon-Aquilar FJ. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 48:25-32.
17.Amin GhR. Popular traditional plants of Iran. 5th ed. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences Publications; 2005.
18.Jazaeri GhD. Language of foods. 1st ed. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications; 1982.
19.Sudheesh S, Vijayalakshmi NR. Role of pectin from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in modulation of protein kinase C activity and regulation of glycogen metabolism in rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2007; 44:183-185.
20.Chandrasekar B, Mukherjee B, Mukherjee SK. Blood sugar lowering potentiality of selected Cucurbitacea plants of India origin. Indian J Med Res 1989; 90:300-305.
21.Harborne J. Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 5th ed. London and New York: Springer; 1998.
22.Movahedian A, Zolfaghari B, Sajjadi SE, Moknatjou R. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Peucedanum pastinacifolium extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clinics 2010; 65:629-633.
23.Vats V, Yadav SP, Grover JK. Ethanolic extract of Ocimim sanctum leaves partially attenuates streptozotocin- induced alterations in glycogen content and carbohydrate methabolism in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90:155-160.
24.Trinder P. Determination of blood glucose using an oxidase-peroxidase system with a non-carcinogenic chromogen. J Clin Pathol 1969; 22:158-161.
25.Salahuddin M, Jalalpure SS. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous fruit extract of Cucumis trigonus Roxb. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127:565-567.
26.Nolte MS, Karam JH. Pancreatic hormones and antidiabetic drugs. In: Katzung BG, editor. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 9th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Companies; 2004. p.708.
27.Davis SN, Granner DK. Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, editors. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Companies; 2002.p. 1687-1690.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Volume 14, Issue 5 - Serial Number 5
September 2011
Pages 436-442

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics