Antioxidant Enzymes and Acute Phase Proteins Correlate with Marker of Lipid Peroxide in Adult Nigerian Sickle Cell Disease Patients

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Chemical Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria

2 Department ofMedical Laboratory Science, School ofBasic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

3 Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin city, Nigeria.

4 Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

Abstract

Objective(s)
Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder characterized by chronic haemolytic anaemia. Haemoglobin S containing red blood cells may be susceptible to oxidative stress due to imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and the countering effect of the various antioxidants present in the body.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated some antioxidant enzymes which include glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. We also determined malondialdehyde, C- reactive protein and fibrinogen using commercial kits in 144 adult sickle cell disease patients (68 males and 76 females) in steady state and 80 apparently healthy age/sex matched controls; 40 sickle cell trait (20 males/20 females) and 40 normal haemoglobin (20 males/20 females).
Results
The result showed that serum glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were lower in sickle cell disease patients compared with controls. Malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen were significantly increased in sickle cell disease patients compared to the controls in both sexes. Malondialdehyde correlated negatively with superoxide dismutase (P< 0.01), glutathione peroxidase (P< 0.05), and catalase (P< 0.05) and positively (P< 0.05) with C - reactive protein and fibrinogen.
Conclussion
This study shows that malondialdehyde correlated negatively with antioxidant enzymes and positively with acute phase proteins in sickle cell anaemia patients in steady state.

Keywords


1.Beyer JE, Simon LE. Home treatment of pain for children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Pain Manag Nurs 2004; 5:126-135.
2.Steinberg MH. Pathophysiologically based drug treatment of sickle cell disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27:204-210.
3.Hebbel RP, Eaton JW, Balasingam M, Steinberg MH. Spontaneous oxygen radical generation by sickle erythrocytes. J clin Invest 1982; 70:1253-1259.
4.Kings ES, Farber HW. Role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. Respir Res 2001; 2:280-285.
5.Airede KJ, Ibrahim M. Antioxidants in Neonatal systemic disease. Sahel Med J 1999; 2:66-72.
6.Yam J, Frank L, Roberts RJ. Oxygen toxicity: comparison of lung biochemical response in neonatal and adult rats. Pediatr Res 1978; 12:115-119. 
7.Fridovich I, Freeman B. Antioxidant defences in the lung. Annu Rev Physiol 1986; 48:693-697.
8.Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Cellular responses to oxidative stress: adaptation, damage, repair, senescence and death in: Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC eds. Free radicals in Biology and Medicine. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford university press; 2007.p.187-267.
9.Fasola F, Adedapo K, Anetor J, Kuti M. Total Antioxidant status and some hematological values in sickle cell disease patients in steady state. J Natl Med Assoc 2007; 99:891-894.
10.Arinola OG, Olaniyi JA, Akinbinu MO. Evaluation of antioxidant levels and trace elements status in Nigerian sickle cell disease patients with plasmodium parasitaemia. Pak J Nutr 2008; 7:766-769.
11.Burmester K, Aulton K, Horsfield GI. Evaluation of a rapid method for the determination of plasma fibrinogen. J Clin Pathol 1970; 23:43-46.
12.Chiu D, Lubin B. Abnormal vitamin E and glutathione peroxidase levels in sickle cell anaemia: evidence for increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in vivo. J Lab Clin Med 1979; 94:542-548.
13.Das SK, Nair RC. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and lipid peroxidation of normal and sickled erythrocytes. Br J Haematol 1980; 44:87-92.
14.Asian M, Thornley-Brown D, Freeman BA. Reactive species in sickle cell disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 899:375-391.
15.Manfredini V, Lazzaretti LL, Griebeler IH, Santin AP, Brandao VD, Wagner S, et al. Blood antioxidant parameters in sickle cell anaemia patients in steady state. J Natl Med Assoc 2008; 100:897-902.
16.Takasu J, Uykimpang R, Sunga MA, Amagase H, Nihara Y. Aged garlic extract therapy in sickle cell anaemia patients. BMC Blood Disorders 2002; 2:3.
17.Antunes F, Salvador A, Marinho HS, Alves R, Pinto RE. Lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial inner membranes I. An integrative kinetic model. Free Radic Biol Med 1996; 21:917-943.
18.Pawlak K, Pawlek D, Mysliwice M. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase plasma levels as a new useful chemical biomarker of oxidative stress in patients with end stage renal disease Clin Biochem 2005; 38:700-705.
19.Bourantas KL, Dalekos GN, Makis A, Chaidos A, Tsiara S, Mavridis A. Acute phase proteins and interleukins in steady state sickle cell disease. Eur J Haematol 1998; 61:49-54.
20.Svarch E, Hernandez P, Ballester JM. Sickle cell disease in cuba; general review,Institute de Hematologia en Immunologia (IHI) la Havana, Cuba 2001.