Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences

Keyword Index

A

A20 A20 inhibits doxorubicin-induced macrophage maturation and apoptosis through mTOR signaling in classical Hodgkin lymphoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1354-1362]
Abiraterone Synergistic anticancer effect of CDRI-08 and Abiraterone acetate against castration resistant prostate cancer targeting PI3K/Akt pathway [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1163-1170]
Acetaminophen Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
Acetic acid Chrysin promotes oral ulcer healing via modulating matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1242-1247]
Acetylcholinesterase Alzheimer’s disease Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
Acetylsalicylic acid Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
Achyranthes Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
Acrylamide Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
Acupuncture Plasma exosomal miR-142-3p induced by acupuncture protects against heart injury in rats with myocardial infarction by targeting Cofilin 2 [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1656-1666]
Acute kidney injury Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
Acute Liver Failure Preclinical efficacy assessment of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute liver failure [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1631-1639]
Acute liver injury Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
Adipocyte differentiation PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
Adipogenesis In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
Adjuvant Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
Adoptive cell transfer Advances in cancer immunotherapy: Strategies and innovations strategies for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1620-1630]
Adropin Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
Advanced Glycation End Products Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
Akt Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
Akt Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
Akt Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
Akt/mTOR/p70S6K-signaling pathway The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
Albendazole Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
Albumin Evaluation of Cherenkov-induced photodynamic therapy of biohybrid photosensitive graphene oxide nanoplatform in cervical cancer cells [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1392-1405]
Alginate Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
Alginate Evaluating the effect of fucoidan-alginate combined dressing on wound healing in rats with full-thickness skin removed [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1477-1485]
Alginate hydrogel Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
Alpha-pinene Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
Alpha-synuclein Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
Alzheimer’s Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
Alzheimer’s disease The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
Alzheimer’s disease Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]
Alzheimer’s disease Linalool vs linalool-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in an Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: A molecular, biochemical, histological, and behavioral study [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1495-1504]
Amantadine Amantadine reduces sepsis-induced brain injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 620-626]
AMPK ATP Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
AMPK/mTOR pathway COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
AMPK pathway Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
Amyloid precursor protein - secretases Linalool vs linalool-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in an Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: A molecular, biochemical, histological, and behavioral study [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1495-1504]
Amyloid-β Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
Anemoside B4 Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
Anemoside B4 Anemoside B4 mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1261-1267]
Angiogenesis Overexpression of miRNA-216 in exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes angiogenesis and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1344-1353]
Angiogenesis Ischemic stroke rehabilitation through endurance training of varying intensity and duration in male sprague-dawley rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1363-1371]
Angiotensin-converting - enzyme 2 Evaluation of myocardial classic and alternative pathways of the renin-angiotensin system in cholestasis-induced cardiac injury: A time-course experimental study in rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1598-1606]
Angiotensin II Echinacoside alleviates Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis by enhancing the SIRT1/IL-11 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 130-140]
Angiotensin II Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
Angiotensin II Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
Angiotensin receptors Evaluation of myocardial classic and alternative pathways of the renin-angiotensin system in cholestasis-induced cardiac injury: A time-course experimental study in rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1598-1606]
Animal disease models Sustained neutrophil infiltration and bacterial grain morphology underlie chronic mycetoma pathology in a murine model [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1268-1278]
Animals Expressions of apoptotic protein and gene following sulfur mustard-induced acute pulmonary injuries in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1372-1380]
Anti-aging Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
Antibacterial properties Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]
Anti-inflammatory Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
Anti-inflammatory agents Herbal medicine approach to relieving dyspnea: A narrative review of efficacy and mechanisms [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1140-1162]
Anti-inflammatory agents Troxerutin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells involving Nrf2 activation and NF-κB pathway inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1531-1538]
Antileishmanial therapeutics Effects of chitosan-titanium dioxide-Glucantime nanoassemblies on Leishmania major: An in vitro and in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1667-1678]
Anti-oxidant Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
Antioxidant Beyond chemotherapy: Exploring tree turmeric root and nano-hydroxyapatite for neuroprotective applications [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1406-1416]
Antioxidants Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
Antioxidants Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
Anti-Oxidants Herbal medicine approach to relieving dyspnea: A narrative review of efficacy and mechanisms [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1140-1162]
Anti-Oxidants Examining the role of trans-sodium crocetinate in alleviating colistin-induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis and autophagy pathways on HEK-293 cells [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1640-1646]
Anti-Oxidants Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of camel milk exosomes (CM-Exo) in rat models for burn wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1539-1547]
Anti-Oxidants Ficus carica leaf extract ameliorates cardiac injury through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway activation and dual oxidase inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1679-1690]
Apigenin Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
Apoptosis Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
Apoptosis Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
Apoptosis Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
Apoptosis Rosmarinic acid attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in folic acid-induced renal injury: Role of FoxO3/ NFκB pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 316-322]
Apoptosis Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
Apoptosis The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
Apoptosis Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
Apoptosis COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
Apoptosis Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
Apoptosis Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
Apoptosis Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
Apoptosis Amantadine reduces sepsis-induced brain injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 620-626]
Apoptosis Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
Apoptosis Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
Apoptosis Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
Apoptosis Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
Apoptosis Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
Apoptosis Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
Apoptosis Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
Apoptosis Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
Apoptosis Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
Apoptosis Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
Apoptosis Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
Apoptosis Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
Apoptosis Anemoside B4 mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1261-1267]
Apoptosis Effects of Nrf-2/HO-1, NF-κB/Cox-2/TLR-4, and Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathways in alleviating azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Potential cardioprotective role of crocin [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1335-1343]
Apoptosis Expressions of apoptotic protein and gene following sulfur mustard-induced acute pulmonary injuries in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1372-1380]
Apoptosis Ischemic stroke rehabilitation through endurance training of varying intensity and duration in male sprague-dawley rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1363-1371]
Apoptosis Pretreatment with a ketogenic diet inhibits mitochondrial damage in rat models of spinal cord injury via the PGC-1α/Sirt1/Nrf1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1516-1522]
Apoptosis Protective role of astaxanthin against bisphenol A induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rat kidneys [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1647-1655]
Apoptosis markers Examining the role of trans-sodium crocetinate in alleviating colistin-induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis and autophagy pathways on HEK-293 cells [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1640-1646]
Appetite regulation Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
Arrhythmia Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]
Arthrospira platensis Enhanced wound healing through hydrogel: Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in carboxymethyl cellulose/ carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin matrix with decellularized amniotic membrane in male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1548-1562]
Artrestan (Sacubitril/Valsartan) Repurposing Artrestan (Sacubitril/Valsartan), unveiling its anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic properties in ulcerative colitis in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1428-1437]
Astaxanthin Protective role of astaxanthin against bisphenol A induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rat kidneys [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1647-1655]
Asthma PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
Atherosclerosis Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
Atrial fibrillation Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes circular RNA circFryl attenuate atrial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in atrial fibrillation [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1180-1189]
Attenuated Recent advances in the genetic engineering of the Leishmania parasite and anti-cancer properties [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1447-1455]
Autophagy Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
Autophagy Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
Autophagy Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
Autophagy Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
Autophagy Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
Autophagy markers Examining the role of trans-sodium crocetinate in alleviating colistin-induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis and autophagy pathways on HEK-293 cells [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1640-1646]
AZD0530و Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Fyn kinase mediates the development of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 880-887]
Azelaic acid Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
Azithromycin Azithromycin prevents implantation failure via up-regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor in endotoxemic pregnant rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1248-1253]
Azithromycin Effects of Nrf-2/HO-1, NF-κB/Cox-2/TLR-4, and Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathways in alleviating azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Potential cardioprotective role of crocin [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1335-1343]

B

Bacteria Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
Basal forebrain Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
BDNF Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
BDNF Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
Bilateral ovariectomies Can resisted swimming exercise substitute for the protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal rat model? [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 718-727]
Bioavailability Innovative strategies and nanocarrier approaches for enhancing the oral bioavailability of macromolecular therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1607-1619]
Biocompatible polymers Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
Biological products Drug delivery systems Innovative strategies and nanocarrier approaches for enhancing the oral bioavailability of macromolecular therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1607-1619]
Biomarker Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
Biopolymer Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]
Bispecific antibodies Advances in cancer immunotherapy: Strategies and innovations strategies for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1620-1630]
Bisphenol A Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
Bisphenol A Protective role of astaxanthin against bisphenol A induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rat kidneys [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1647-1655]
BLA Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
Bladder cancer COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
Blood-brain barrier Temporal dynamics of ferroptosis markers and neuroprotective intervention in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Insights for therapeutic strategy development [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1699-1705]
Blood-brain barrier Acute exposure to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity via eNOS activation and occludin down-regulation [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1691-1698]
Body mass index Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
Boric acid Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
BRAF Inhibitors Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
BRAF (V600E) Impact of trehalose and hydroxychloroquine on the function of BRAF (V600E)-siRNA in the A375 melanoma cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1486-1494]
Brain Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
Brain injury Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
Breast Cancer Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
Breast Cancer Ketone body, as an emerging modulator of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics in breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1129-1139]
Breast Feeding Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
Brown fat tissue Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]
Burn Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of camel milk exosomes (CM-Exo) in rat models for burn wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1539-1547]

C

C57BL/6 mouse Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
CA1 region Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
CaCl2 Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
Camel milk Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of camel milk exosomes (CM-Exo) in rat models for burn wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1539-1547]
Cancer Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
Cancer Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
Cancer Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
Cancer therapy Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
Cannabinoid The role of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis and evolutionary events in the mouse ovary [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1171-1179]
Cannabinoid agonist The role of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis and evolutionary events in the mouse ovary [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1171-1179]
Cannabinoid antagonist The role of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis and evolutionary events in the mouse ovary [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1171-1179]
Cannabinoids Toxicological evaluation and preliminary phytochemical characterisation of a Nigerian Cannabis sativa chemovar [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1736-1742]
Cannabis sativa Toxicological evaluation and preliminary phytochemical characterisation of a Nigerian Cannabis sativa chemovar [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1736-1742]
Carbon tetrachloride Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
Carbon tetrachloride Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
Carboxymethyl cellulose Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
Carboxymethyllysine Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
Carcinogenesis Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
Cardiac fibroblast Spermine: A prospective treatment for high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 907-915]
Cardiac fibrosis Echinacoside Echinacoside alleviates Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis by enhancing the SIRT1/IL-11 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 130-140]
Cardiac hypertrophy SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
Cardiac hypertrophy Pim3 up-regulation by YY1 contributes to diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 245-253]
Cardiomyoblast Cardioprotective effects of lycopene-loaded nanoparticles against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1438-1446]
Cardio protection Ficus carica leaf extract ameliorates cardiac injury through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway activation and dual oxidase inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1679-1690]
Cardiotoxicity Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
Cardiotoxicity Effects of Nrf-2/HO-1, NF-κB/Cox-2/TLR-4, and Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathways in alleviating azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Potential cardioprotective role of crocin [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1335-1343]
Cardiovascular diseases Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
Cardiovascular diseases Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
Cardiovascular diseases Resveratrol as a naturally occurring inflammasome modulator: Implications for health and disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1301-1318]
Cardiovascular system Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
Carnosol Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
Caspase 3 Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
Caspase-3 Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
Casticin Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
Castration Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]
Cationic Liposome Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
Cb1 receptor The role of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis and evolutionary events in the mouse ovary [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1171-1179]
CB2 receptor The role of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis and evolutionary events in the mouse ovary [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1171-1179]
CD31 Acute exposure to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity via eNOS activation and occludin down-regulation [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1691-1698]
CD4+ Estrogen and progesterone attenuate CD4-positive immune cell traffic to the penumbra region of rat’s ischemic stroke brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1254-1260]
CD4+ T-lymphocytes Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
CD8+ T-lymphocytes Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
CDRI-08 Synergistic anticancer effect of CDRI-08 and Abiraterone acetate against castration resistant prostate cancer targeting PI3K/Akt pathway [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1163-1170]
Cell-Imprinting Substrate engineering using naturally biomimicking corneal cell topography for preserving stemness of corneal limbal epithelial-stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 916-928]
Cell Proliferation Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
Cell Proliferation Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
Cell Proliferation Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
Cell therapy Substrate engineering using naturally biomimicking corneal cell topography for preserving stemness of corneal limbal epithelial-stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 916-928]
Cell transplantation Neural progenitor cell transplantation results in structural and functional recovery in a rat model of cerebral palsy [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1230-1241]
Cerebral infarction Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
Cerebral ischemia/ - reperfusion injury Anemoside B4 mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1261-1267]
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
Cerebral palsy Neural progenitor cell transplantation results in structural and functional recovery in a rat model of cerebral palsy [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1230-1241]
Cervical Cancer Evaluation of Cherenkov-induced photodynamic therapy of biohybrid photosensitive graphene oxide nanoplatform in cervical cancer cells [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1392-1405]
Chemodynamic Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
Chemoresistance Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
Cherenkov radiation Evaluation of Cherenkov-induced photodynamic therapy of biohybrid photosensitive graphene oxide nanoplatform in cervical cancer cells [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1392-1405]
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells Advances in cancer immunotherapy: Strategies and innovations strategies for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1620-1630]
Chitosan Effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with platelet lysate on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse premature ovarian failure model [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 937-945]
Chitosan Cardioprotective effects of lycopene-loaded nanoparticles against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1438-1446]
Chitosan Comparing transplantation sites of mouse immature testicular tissue fragments embedded in chitosan scaffold to maintain tissue integrity: Epididymal fat pad or under the back skin [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1706-1714]
Chlorella vulgaris Enhanced wound healing through hydrogel: Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in carboxymethyl cellulose/ carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin matrix with decellularized amniotic membrane in male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1548-1562]
Cholecardia syndrome Evaluation of myocardial classic and alternative pathways of the renin-angiotensin system in cholestasis-induced cardiac injury: A time-course experimental study in rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1598-1606]
Chromosomes Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
Chrysin Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
Chrysin Chrysin promotes oral ulcer healing via modulating matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1242-1247]
Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
CircRNAs Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
Classical Apoptosis The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
Classical hodgkin lymphoma A20 inhibits doxorubicin-induced macrophage maturation and apoptosis through mTOR signaling in classical Hodgkin lymphoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1354-1362]
Claudin-1 Acute exposure to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity via eNOS activation and occludin down-regulation [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1691-1698]
Coenzyme Q10 Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]
Cofilin 2 Plasma exosomal miR-142-3p induced by acupuncture protects against heart injury in rats with myocardial infarction by targeting Cofilin 2 [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1656-1666]
Cognition Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
COL3A1 Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
Cold Temperature Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
Colistin Examining the role of trans-sodium crocetinate in alleviating colistin-induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis and autophagy pathways on HEK-293 cells [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1640-1646]
Collagen Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
Collagen I Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
Collagen III Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
Colorectal cancer Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) CRISPR/Cas9 in colorectal cancer: Revolutionizing precision oncology through genome editing and targeted therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1279-1300]
Colorectal Neoplasms Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
Combination index Synergistic anticancer effect of CDRI-08 and Abiraterone acetate against castration resistant prostate cancer targeting PI3K/Akt pathway [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1163-1170]
Combined Dressing Fucoidan Evaluating the effect of fucoidan-alginate combined dressing on wound healing in rats with full-thickness skin removed [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1477-1485]
Computational biology Bioinformatics analysis identifies dysregulation of MiR-548F-3p and its hub gene in triple-negative breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 434-443]
Computational Biology Epilepsy Calpain 7 as a novel candidate gene in genetic generalized epilepsy [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1328-1334]
Cornea Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
Corneal Epithelium Substrate engineering using naturally biomimicking corneal cell topography for preserving stemness of corneal limbal epithelial-stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 916-928]
Corneal Topography Limbal Stem Cell Polydimethylsiloxane Substrate engineering Substrate engineering using naturally biomimicking corneal cell topography for preserving stemness of corneal limbal epithelial-stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 916-928]
Cortical granules Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
COTI-2 COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
Creatinine Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
CRISPR/Cas9 CRISPR/Cas9 in colorectal cancer: Revolutionizing precision oncology through genome editing and targeted therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1279-1300]
Crocin Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
Crocin Effects of Nrf-2/HO-1, NF-κB/Cox-2/TLR-4, and Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathways in alleviating azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Potential cardioprotective role of crocin [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1335-1343]
Crocus Herbal medicine approach to relieving dyspnea: A narrative review of efficacy and mechanisms [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1140-1162]
Cucurbitacin B Induction of the STING-dependent DNA damage pathway by cucurbitacin B enhances immunotherapy efficacy in osteosarcoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1319-1327]
Curcuma Herbal medicine approach to relieving dyspnea: A narrative review of efficacy and mechanisms [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1140-1162]
Curcuma xanthorrhiza Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
Curcumin Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]
Curcumin Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
Curcumin Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
Cyclophosphamide Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
Cyclophosphamide Effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with platelet lysate on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse premature ovarian failure model [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 937-945]
Cyclophosphamide Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
Cytochromes Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
Cytokine Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
Cytokine Azithromycin prevents implantation failure via up-regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor in endotoxemic pregnant rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1248-1253]
Cytokines Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
Cytokines Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
Cytokines Resveratrol as a naturally occurring inflammasome modulator: Implications for health and disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1301-1318]

D

Dacarbazine Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
Dapagliflozin Dapagliflozin improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing the STAT3-YY1 signaling axis in cardiac fibroblasts [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1563-1574]
Deferoxamine Elucidating the effect of deferoxamine, a hypoxia mimetic agent, on angiogenesis restoration in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from diabetic mice [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1589-1597]
Dendritic cells Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
Dental pulp Effect of TGF-β1 transfected dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells on in vivo cartilage regeneration [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1505-1515]
Dentate gyrus Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
Depression Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
Deprivation Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
Diabetes Therapeutic potential of magnesium sulfate in improving duodenal homeobox 1 and PPARG coactivator 1 alpha genes to reduce pancreatic insulin resistance in F1 offspring of diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1190-1203]
Diabetes Syringic acid, a promising natural compound for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1456-1476]
Diabetes Elucidating the effect of deferoxamine, a hypoxia mimetic agent, on angiogenesis restoration in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from diabetic mice [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1589-1597]
Diabetes Complications Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
Diabetes Mellitus Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
Diabetes Mellitus Pim3 up-regulation by YY1 contributes to diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 245-253]
Diabetes Mellitus Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
Diabetes mellitus type 2 Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
Diabetic cardiomyopathy Dapagliflozin improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing the STAT3-YY1 signaling axis in cardiac fibroblasts [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1563-1574]
Diabetic rats Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
Diclofenac Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
Dietary supplements Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]
Dietary supplements Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
Digestive system diseases Resveratrol as a naturally occurring inflammasome modulator: Implications for health and disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1301-1318]
DINP Investigation of protective effects of rutincyclodextrin inclusion complex against testicular damage caused by diisononyl phthalate in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1381-1391]
Diosmin The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
DLL4 Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
DNA damage Induction of the STING-dependent DNA damage pathway by cucurbitacin B enhances immunotherapy efficacy in osteosarcoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1319-1327]
DNAsome Nanomolecular silencing of TSC22D4 mRNA via a DNAsome-siRNA for enhancing insulin sensitization in hepatocytes [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 385-392]
Domperidone Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
Dopamine Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
Drug combinations Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
Drug Delivery Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
Drug delivery systems Effects of chitosan-titanium dioxide-Glucantime nanoassemblies on Leishmania major: An in vitro and in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1667-1678]
Drug resistance Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
Drug resistance in - leishmaniasis Effects of chitosan-titanium dioxide-Glucantime nanoassemblies on Leishmania major: An in vitro and in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1667-1678]
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
Dyslipidemia Syringic acid, a promising natural compound for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1456-1476]

E

Echinococcus granulosus Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
EGFR Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
Ellagic acid Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
Ellagic acid Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
Embryo Implantation Azithromycin prevents implantation failure via up-regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor in endotoxemic pregnant rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1248-1253]
Endometrial neoplasms Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
Endometriosis Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
Endometriosis Exosomes from miR-149-3p-transfected menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation and migration of endometriosis cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1575-1588]
Endoplasmic reticulum - stress Anemoside B4 mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1261-1267]
Endoplasmic reticulum stress Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
Endoplasmic reticulum- stress Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
Endoplasmic reticulum- stress Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
Endothelial progenitor cell HIF-α Elucidating the effect of deferoxamine, a hypoxia mimetic agent, on angiogenesis restoration in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from diabetic mice [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1589-1597]
Endurance Exercise Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]
Endurance training Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]
Energy metabolism SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
Energy metabolism Effect of nicotine on the energy metabolism of substantia nigra cells in mptp-induced Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1417-1427]
Epididymis Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
Epigallocatechin gallate EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
Epigenetics Ketone body, as an emerging modulator of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics in breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1129-1139]
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
Epithelial sodium channel Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]
ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L - signaling Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
ER stress Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
Estradiol valerate Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
Estrogen Estrogen and progesterone attenuate CD4-positive immune cell traffic to the penumbra region of rat’s ischemic stroke brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1254-1260]
Estrogen deficiency Hippocampal Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
Ethosomes Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]
Euglycemic - hyperinsulinemic clamp Therapeutic potential of magnesium sulfate in improving duodenal homeobox 1 and PPARG coactivator 1 alpha genes to reduce pancreatic insulin resistance in F1 offspring of diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1190-1203]
Everolimus A20 inhibits doxorubicin-induced macrophage maturation and apoptosis through mTOR signaling in classical Hodgkin lymphoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1354-1362]
Exercise Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
Exercise Ischemic stroke rehabilitation through endurance training of varying intensity and duration in male sprague-dawley rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1363-1371]
Exome Sequencing Generalized Calpain 7 as a novel candidate gene in genetic generalized epilepsy [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1328-1334]
Exosome Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
Exosomes Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes circular RNA circFryl attenuate atrial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in atrial fibrillation [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1180-1189]
Exosomes Overexpression of miRNA-216 in exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes angiogenesis and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1344-1353]
Exosomes Plasma exosomal miR-142-3p induced by acupuncture protects against heart injury in rats with myocardial infarction by targeting Cofilin 2 [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1656-1666]
Exosomes Exosomes from miR-149-3p-transfected menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation and migration of endometriosis cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1575-1588]
Exosomes Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of camel milk exosomes (CM-Exo) in rat models for burn wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1539-1547]
Extracellular matrix- degradation The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
Extracellular vesicles Glioma Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]

F

Ferroptosis EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
Ferroptosis Temporal dynamics of ferroptosis markers and neuroprotective intervention in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Insights for therapeutic strategy development [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1699-1705]
Fibroblast Dapagliflozin improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing the STAT3-YY1 signaling axis in cardiac fibroblasts [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1563-1574]
Fibroblasts Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of camel milk exosomes (CM-Exo) in rat models for burn wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1539-1547]
Fibrosis Repurposing Artrestan (Sacubitril/Valsartan), unveiling its anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic properties in ulcerative colitis in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1428-1437]
Flavonoids The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
Fluorouracil Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
Folliculogenesis The role of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis and evolutionary events in the mouse ovary [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1171-1179]
Free radical scavengers Liver injury Hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1100-1106]
Functional recovery Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
Fyn Fyn kinase mediates the development of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 880-887]

G

GABAA receptor Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
Galactogogues Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
Garcinia kola Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
Garlic Herbal medicine approach to relieving dyspnea: A narrative review of efficacy and mechanisms [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1140-1162]
Gas foaming Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
Gastrointestinal tract Intestinal absorption Innovative strategies and nanocarrier approaches for enhancing the oral bioavailability of macromolecular therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1607-1619]
GBM Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
Gene expression Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]
Gene expression Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
Gene expression Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
Gene expression profiling Bioinformatics analysis identifies dysregulation of MiR-548F-3p and its hub gene in triple-negative breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 434-443]
Gene expression profiling Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
Gene silencing Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
Gene Therapy CRISPR/Cas9 in colorectal cancer: Revolutionizing precision oncology through genome editing and targeted therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1279-1300]
Genetic predisposition Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
Genome Editing CRISPR/Cas9 in colorectal cancer: Revolutionizing precision oncology through genome editing and targeted therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1279-1300]
GHG PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
Ginkgetin Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
Ginkgo biloba Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
Glioblastoma Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
Glioblastoma Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
Glioma Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
Glioma Expression of toll-like receptors and inflammatory mediators in primary human glioma cells (low- and high-grade) compared to primary cells from epileptic human brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1204-1211]
Glucocorticoid Effect of thymoquinone on vitamin D metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 292-298]
Glucose Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
Glucose Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
Glutamate Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
Glutamic acid Scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: Soursop leaf extract and fractions protect the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 355-365]
Glutaraldehyde Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
Glutathione Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
Glutathione Anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects of pyridoxal phosphate in rats with metabolic syndrome by raising anti-oxidant potential in both serum and liver tissue, while also decreasing hepatic nuclear factor expression [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1012-1018]
Glycation Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
Glycation Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
Glycine max Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
Glyoxalase-I Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
GPR19 Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
Granulocyte-macrophage - colony-stimulating factor Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
Granuloma Sustained neutrophil infiltration and bacterial grain morphology underlie chronic mycetoma pathology in a murine model [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1268-1278]
Graphene Synergistic effect of carbomer polymer and graphene oxide nanoparticles on the rat wound healing process [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1725-1735]
Graphene oxide Evaluation of Cherenkov-induced photodynamic therapy of biohybrid photosensitive graphene oxide nanoplatform in cervical cancer cells [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1392-1405]
Gypenosides Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]

H

Haptoglobin Acute exposure to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity via eNOS activation and occludin down-regulation [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1691-1698]
HDAC3 Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
Heat Shock Protein Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
HEK-293 Examining the role of trans-sodium crocetinate in alleviating colistin-induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis and autophagy pathways on HEK-293 cells [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1640-1646]
Hemorrhage Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
Hepatic stellate cells Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
HepG2 Nanomolecular silencing of TSC22D4 mRNA via a DNAsome-siRNA for enhancing insulin sensitization in hepatocytes [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 385-392]
HepG2 Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
Herbal Medicine Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
Hes1 Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
Hesperetin- 7-Rhamnoglucoside The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
Hesperidin The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
HIF-1 EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
High-fat diet Can resisted swimming exercise substitute for the protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal rat model? [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 718-727]
High-fat diet Ficus carica leaf extract ameliorates cardiac injury through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway activation and dual oxidase inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1679-1690]
High-grade glioma Inflammation Expression of toll-like receptors and inflammatory mediators in primary human glioma cells (low- and high-grade) compared to primary cells from epileptic human brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1204-1211]
High-intensity interval training Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
Hippocampus Linalool vs linalool-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in an Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: A molecular, biochemical, histological, and behavioral study [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1495-1504]
Histone Modifications Ketone body, as an emerging modulator of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics in breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1129-1139]
HMOX1 EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
Host-pathogen interactions Sustained neutrophil infiltration and bacterial grain morphology underlie chronic mycetoma pathology in a murine model [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1268-1278]
Host-pathogen interactions Recent advances in the genetic engineering of the Leishmania parasite and anti-cancer properties [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1447-1455]
HPV-16-E7d Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
Hs-CRP Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
HSP90 Heat shock protein 90 mediates the protective effects of vericiguat on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1220-1229]
Human T-cell leukemia - virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
Hydatidosis Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
Hydrogels Synergistic effect of carbomer polymer and graphene oxide nanoparticles on the rat wound healing process [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1725-1735]
Hydroxyapatite Beyond chemotherapy: Exploring tree turmeric root and nano-hydroxyapatite for neuroprotective applications [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1406-1416]
Hydroxychloroquine Impact of trehalose and hydroxychloroquine on the function of BRAF (V600E)-siRNA in the A375 melanoma cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1486-1494]
Hydroxytyrosol Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
Hyperalgesia Intrathecal injections of non-peptide oxytocin receptor agonists, WAY 267,464 and TC OT 39, induce significant anti-hyperalgesia in both male and female rats with inflammatory pain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1212-1219]
Hypertension Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]
Hypertension Syringic acid, a promising natural compound for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1456-1476]
Hypothalamus Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]
Hypoxia Neural progenitor cell transplantation results in structural and functional recovery in a rat model of cerebral palsy [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1230-1241]

I

IFN-γ Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
IL-1β Estrogen and progesterone attenuate CD4-positive immune cell traffic to the penumbra region of rat’s ischemic stroke brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1254-1260]
IL-1β A20 inhibits doxorubicin-induced macrophage maturation and apoptosis through mTOR signaling in classical Hodgkin lymphoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1354-1362]
Imiquimod Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
Imiquimod Silymarin exerts antipsoriatic effects against imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice via NF-kB/TLR4 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1523-1530]
Immune checkpoint inhibitors Advances in cancer immunotherapy: Strategies and innovations strategies for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1620-1630]
Immune dysregulation Sustained neutrophil infiltration and bacterial grain morphology underlie chronic mycetoma pathology in a murine model [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1268-1278]
Immune response Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
Immunity Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
Immunomodulation Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
Immunomodulation Preclinical efficacy assessment of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute liver failure [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1631-1639]
Immunopathogenesis Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
Immunotherapy Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
Immunotherapy Recent advances in the genetic engineering of the Leishmania parasite and anti-cancer properties [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1447-1455]
Immunotherapy Neoplasm Advances in cancer immunotherapy: Strategies and innovations strategies for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1620-1630]
Implantation Azithromycin prevents implantation failure via up-regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor in endotoxemic pregnant rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1248-1253]
Infertility Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
Inflammation Rosmarinic acid attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in folic acid-induced renal injury: Role of FoxO3/ NFκB pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 316-322]
Inflammation Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
Inflammation Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
Inflammation Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
Inflammation Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
Inflammation Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
Inflammation Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
Inflammation PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
Inflammation Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
Inflammation Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
Inflammation Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
Inflammation Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
Inflammation Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
Inflammation Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
Inflammation Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
Inflammation Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
Inflammation Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
Inflammation Effects of Nrf-2/HO-1, NF-κB/Cox-2/TLR-4, and Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathways in alleviating azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Potential cardioprotective role of crocin [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1335-1343]
Inflammation Resveratrol as a naturally occurring inflammasome modulator: Implications for health and disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1301-1318]
Inflammation Repurposing Artrestan (Sacubitril/Valsartan), unveiling its anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic properties in ulcerative colitis in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1428-1437]
Inflammation Preclinical efficacy assessment of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute liver failure [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1631-1639]
Inflammation Silymarin exerts antipsoriatic effects against imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice via NF-kB/TLR4 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1523-1530]
Inflammation Exosomes from miR-149-3p-transfected menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation and migration of endometriosis cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1575-1588]
Inflammation Rhein attenuates obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and protecting podocytes [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1743-1748]
Inflammatory Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of camel milk exosomes (CM-Exo) in rat models for burn wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1539-1547]
Inflammatory factors Intervertebral disc degeneration The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
Inflammatory mediators Scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: Soursop leaf extract and fractions protect the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 355-365]
Inflammatory - osteoclastogenesis Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
Innate lymphoid cells Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
Insecticides The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
Insulin Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
Insulin Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
Insulin-regulated- aminopeptidase Intrathecal injections of non-peptide oxytocin receptor agonists, WAY 267,464 and TC OT 39, induce significant anti-hyperalgesia in both male and female rats with inflammatory pain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1212-1219]
Interleukin–6 Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]
Interleukins Resveratrol as a naturally occurring inflammasome modulator: Implications for health and disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1301-1318]
In vitro models In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
Ischemic postconditioning Heat shock protein 90 mediates the protective effects of vericiguat on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1220-1229]
Ischemic preconditioning Heat shock protein 90 mediates the protective effects of vericiguat on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1220-1229]
Ischemic stroke Temporal dynamics of ferroptosis markers and neuroprotective intervention in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Insights for therapeutic strategy development [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1699-1705]
Isoproterenol Ficus carica leaf extract ameliorates cardiac injury through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway activation and dual oxidase inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1679-1690]

L

Lateral periaqueductal gray Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
Lavender oil Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
Learning Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
Leishmania major In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
Leishmania major Effects of chitosan-titanium dioxide-Glucantime nanoassemblies on Leishmania major: An in vitro and in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1667-1678]
Leishmaniasis treatment - strategies Effects of chitosan-titanium dioxide-Glucantime nanoassemblies on Leishmania major: An in vitro and in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1667-1678]
Leptin Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
Leptin PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
Leptin Rhein attenuates obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and protecting podocytes [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1743-1748]
Linalool-loaded chitosan - nanoparticle Linalool vs linalool-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in an Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: A molecular, biochemical, histological, and behavioral study [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1495-1504]
Lipid accumulation Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
Lipid metabolism Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
Lipid metabolism Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
Lipid Peroxidation Temporal dynamics of ferroptosis markers and neuroprotective intervention in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Insights for therapeutic strategy development [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1699-1705]
Lipopolysaccharide Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
Lipopolysaccharide Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
Lipopolysaccharide Azithromycin prevents implantation failure via up-regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor in endotoxemic pregnant rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1248-1253]
Lipopolysaccharides Troxerutin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells involving Nrf2 activation and NF-κB pathway inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1531-1538]
Liver Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
Liver fibrosis Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
Liver neoplasms Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
Liver neoplasms Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
Locus coeruleus Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
Long non-coding RNA Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]
Long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2 Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
Low-grade glioma Expression of toll-like receptors and inflammatory mediators in primary human glioma cells (low- and high-grade) compared to primary cells from epileptic human brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1204-1211]
LOXL2 protein Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
Loxoprofen Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]
Lung Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
Lung injury Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
Lung injury Expressions of apoptotic protein and gene following sulfur mustard-induced acute pulmonary injuries in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1372-1380]
Lycopene Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
Lycopene Cardioprotective effects of lycopene-loaded nanoparticles against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1438-1446]
Lysine-deficient protein - kinase Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]

M

M1 macrophage Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
Macrophages A20 inhibits doxorubicin-induced macrophage maturation and apoptosis through mTOR signaling in classical Hodgkin lymphoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1354-1362]
MAPK Fyn kinase mediates the development of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 880-887]
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
MC4-L2 Infiltration of innate and adoptive lymphoid cells in 4T1 and MC4-L2 breast cancer models [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 63-71]
MCAO/R Anemoside B4 mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1261-1267]
Melanoma Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
Melanoma Impact of trehalose and hydroxychloroquine on the function of BRAF (V600E)-siRNA in the A375 melanoma cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1486-1494]
Melatonin Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
Melittin Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
Meloxicam Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
Memantine NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
Membranous nephropathy Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
Memory Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
Menopause Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
Mesalazine Repurposing Artrestan (Sacubitril/Valsartan), unveiling its anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic properties in ulcerative colitis in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1428-1437]
Mesenchymal stem cells Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
Mesenchymal stem cells Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
Mesenchymal stem cells Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes circular RNA circFryl attenuate atrial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in atrial fibrillation [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1180-1189]
Mesenchymal stem cells Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
Mesenchymal stem cells Effect of TGF-β1 transfected dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells on in vivo cartilage regeneration [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1505-1515]
Mesenchymal stem cells Exosomes from miR-149-3p-transfected menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation and migration of endometriosis cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1575-1588]
Metabolism Effect of thymoquinone on vitamin D metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 292-298]
Metabolism Ketone body, as an emerging modulator of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics in breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1129-1139]
Methylene blue Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
Methylglyoxal Meloxicam mitigated methylglyoxal-induced glycative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 647-654]
Mice Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
Mice Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
Microbiota Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
Microglia Troxerutin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells involving Nrf2 activation and NF-κB pathway inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1531-1538]
MicroRNA 149 Exosomes from miR-149-3p-transfected menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation and migration of endometriosis cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1575-1588]
MicroRNA Neurodegenerative diseases Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]
Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
Migraine Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
Migration Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
Migration Exosomes from miR-149-3p-transfected menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammation and migration of endometriosis cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1575-1588]
MiR-448 Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
Mitochondria Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]
Mitochondria Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
Mitochondria Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
Mitochondria SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
Mitochondria Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
Mitochondria Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
Mitochondria Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
Mitochondria Pretreatment with a ketogenic diet inhibits mitochondrial damage in rat models of spinal cord injury via the PGC-1α/Sirt1/Nrf1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1516-1522]
Mitochondrial dynamics Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
Mitochondrial dysfunction Effect of nicotine on the energy metabolism of substantia nigra cells in mptp-induced Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1417-1427]
Mitotherapy Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
MMP9 Chrysin promotes oral ulcer healing via modulating matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1242-1247]
Molecular docking Dietary supplements for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo and in silico molecular docking studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 170-180]
Molecular docking Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
Molecular dynamics - Simulation Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
Molecular mechanism In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
Monocrotaline Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
Morin Cardiotoxicity caused by acrylamide in rats can be alleviated as a result of suppression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by morin treatment [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 376-384]
Morin Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
Motor Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
MPTP Effect of nicotine on the energy metabolism of substantia nigra cells in mptp-induced Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1417-1427]
Mustard Gas Expressions of apoptotic protein and gene following sulfur mustard-induced acute pulmonary injuries in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1372-1380]
Myocardial infarction Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
Myocardial infarction Plasma exosomal miR-142-3p induced by acupuncture protects against heart injury in rats with myocardial infarction by targeting Cofilin 2 [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1656-1666]
Myocardial infarction Ficus carica leaf extract ameliorates cardiac injury through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway activation and dual oxidase inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1679-1690]
Myocardial injury Cardioprotective effects of lycopene-loaded nanoparticles against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1438-1446]
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]

N

NAFLD Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
Naloxone Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
Nanocapsules Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
Nanocarriers Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]
Nanoemulsions Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
Nanofibers Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]
Nanoformulation Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
Nanomedicine In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
Nanoparticles Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
Nanoparticles Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of biopolymer-derived nanoparticles in wound healing [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 835-845]
Nanoparticles Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
Nanoparticles Beyond chemotherapy: Exploring tree turmeric root and nano-hydroxyapatite for neuroprotective applications [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1406-1416]
Nanoparticles Innovative strategies and nanocarrier approaches for enhancing the oral bioavailability of macromolecular therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1607-1619]
Nanotechnology Nanoformulation innovations: Revolutionizing precision in migraine therapy [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 16-30]
Nanozyme Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
Natural product Evaluating the effect of fucoidan-alginate combined dressing on wound healing in rats with full-thickness skin removed [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1477-1485]
Neoplasms Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
Neoplasms Recent advances in the genetic engineering of the Leishmania parasite and anti-cancer properties [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1447-1455]
Nephrotoxicity Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
Nephrotoxicity Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
Nephrotoxicity Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
Nephrotoxicity Examining the role of trans-sodium crocetinate in alleviating colistin-induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis and autophagy pathways on HEK-293 cells [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1640-1646]
Neprilysin and ARB Comparison of the therapeutic effects of sacubitril and valsartan combination versus metformin in experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1715-1724]
Nerve regeneration Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
Nervous System Diseases Resveratrol as a naturally occurring inflammasome modulator: Implications for health and disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1301-1318]
Neural Protection Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
Neurodegeneration Effect of nicotine on the energy metabolism of substantia nigra cells in mptp-induced Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1417-1427]
Neurodegenerative diseases Effect of nicotine on the energy metabolism of substantia nigra cells in mptp-induced Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1417-1427]
Neurogenesis Ischemic stroke rehabilitation through endurance training of varying intensity and duration in male sprague-dawley rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1363-1371]
Neuroinflammation NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
Neuroinflammation Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
Neuroinflammation Troxerutin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells involving Nrf2 activation and NF-κB pathway inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1531-1538]
Neuropathic pain Beyond chemotherapy: Exploring tree turmeric root and nano-hydroxyapatite for neuroprotective applications [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1406-1416]
Neuropathy The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
Neuropeptide FF Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]
Neuroprotection Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
Neuroprotective Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
Neuroprotective agents The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
Neuroprotective agents Effect of nicotine on the energy metabolism of substantia nigra cells in mptp-induced Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1417-1427]
Neutrophil infiltration Nocardia infections Sustained neutrophil infiltration and bacterial grain morphology underlie chronic mycetoma pathology in a murine model [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1268-1278]
Neutrophils Preclinical efficacy assessment of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute liver failure [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1631-1639]
NF-kappa B PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
NF-kappa B Anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects of pyridoxal phosphate in rats with metabolic syndrome by raising anti-oxidant potential in both serum and liver tissue, while also decreasing hepatic nuclear factor expression [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1012-1018]
NF-kappa B Troxerutin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells involving Nrf2 activation and NF-κB pathway inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1531-1538]
NF-kappa β Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
NF- kB Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
NF-kB pathway Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
NF-kB signaling Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
NF-κB Fyn kinase mediates the development of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 880-887]
Niacin Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
Nicotine Effect of nicotine on the energy metabolism of substantia nigra cells in mptp-induced Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1417-1427]
Nigella Sativa Black seed oil nanoemulsion containing albendazole against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: An in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 755-761]
Nigella Sativa Herbal medicine approach to relieving dyspnea: A narrative review of efficacy and mechanisms [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1140-1162]
NLR Family PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
NLRP3 inflammasome Rhein attenuates obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and protecting podocytes [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1743-1748]
NLRP6 inflammasome Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
NMDA receptor antagonist NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
Non-coding RNA Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 962-985]
Noncoding RNA Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
Non-NMDA receptor Glutamate receptors within the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG): Effects on blood pressure and heart rate in basic and hypotensive hemorrhagic rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 486-492]
Notch1 Hydroxytyrosol protects isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through activating notch signaling [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 217-223]
Npas4 Inhibition of HDAC3 induces neuroprotection by activating the Npas4 signaling pathway following surgical brain injury in rats [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1004-1011]
Nrf2/HO-1 pathway Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
NRF2 transcription factor Troxerutin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells involving Nrf2 activation and NF-κB pathway inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1531-1538]
NRG2 Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
NSAID Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]

O

Obesity Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
Obesity In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
Obesity Syringic acid, a promising natural compound for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1456-1476]
Obesity-associated - nephropathy Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
Obesity Management Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
Obesity-related- glomerulopathy Rhein attenuates obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and protecting podocytes [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1743-1748]
Obstructive jaundice Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
Occludin Acute exposure to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity via eNOS activation and occludin down-regulation [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1691-1698]
OGD/R Apigenin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-448/SIRT1 axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 602-611]
Oil adjuvants Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
Oncogenic Pathways CRISPR/Cas9 in colorectal cancer: Revolutionizing precision oncology through genome editing and targeted therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1279-1300]
Oocyte maturation Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
Oral ulcer Chrysin promotes oral ulcer healing via modulating matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1242-1247]
Osteochondral defects Effect of TGF-β1 transfected dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells on in vivo cartilage regeneration [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1505-1515]
Osteosarcoma Induction of the STING-dependent DNA damage pathway by cucurbitacin B enhances immunotherapy efficacy in osteosarcoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1319-1327]
Ovariectomy Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
Ovariectomy Daidzein improves neuronal health and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis through BDNF and estrogen receptors in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 888-898]
Ovary Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
Oxidative stress Effects of combo therapy with coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial transplantation on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in aged rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 38-48]
Oxidative stress Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
Oxidative stress Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
Oxidative stress NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
Oxidative stress Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
Oxidative stress The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
Oxidative stress Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
Oxidative stress Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
Oxidative stress Ameliorative effect of morin on diclofenac-induced testicular toxicity in rats: An investigation into different signal pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 507-515]
Oxidative stress Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
Oxidative stress Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
Oxidative stress Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
Oxidative stress Can resisted swimming exercise substitute for the protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal rat model? [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 718-727]
Oxidative stress Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
Oxidative stress Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
Oxidative stress Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates obesity-induced nephropathy in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of AMPK/ACC and NF-kB pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 860-872]
Oxidative stress Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
Oxidative stress Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
Oxidative stress Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
Oxidative stress Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
Oxidative stress Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
Oxidative stress Effects of Nrf-2/HO-1, NF-κB/Cox-2/TLR-4, and Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathways in alleviating azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Potential cardioprotective role of crocin [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1335-1343]
Oxidative stress Resveratrol as a naturally occurring inflammasome modulator: Implications for health and disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1301-1318]
Oxidative stress Investigation of protective effects of rutincyclodextrin inclusion complex against testicular damage caused by diisononyl phthalate in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1381-1391]
Oxidative stress Linalool vs linalool-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in an Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: A molecular, biochemical, histological, and behavioral study [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1495-1504]
Oxidative stress Protective role of astaxanthin against bisphenol A induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rat kidneys [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1647-1655]
Oxidative stress Temporal dynamics of ferroptosis markers and neuroprotective intervention in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Insights for therapeutic strategy development [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1699-1705]
Oxidative stress Ficus carica leaf extract ameliorates cardiac injury through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway activation and dual oxidase inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1679-1690]
Oxidative stresses The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
Oxygen-glucose-deprivation/re-oxygenation Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 49-55]
Oxytocin Intrathecal injections of non-peptide oxytocin receptor agonists, WAY 267,464 and TC OT 39, induce significant anti-hyperalgesia in both male and female rats with inflammatory pain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1212-1219]
Oxytocin receptor Intrathecal injections of non-peptide oxytocin receptor agonists, WAY 267,464 and TC OT 39, induce significant anti-hyperalgesia in both male and female rats with inflammatory pain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1212-1219]

P

P2X7 receptor Rhein attenuates obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and protecting podocytes [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1743-1748]
Paclitaxel Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
Pain Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
Paraquat Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
Parkinson disease Effect of nicotine on the energy metabolism of substantia nigra cells in mptp-induced Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1417-1427]
Parkinson’s disease Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
Parkinson’s disease Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
PCOS Comparison of the therapeutic effects of sacubitril and valsartan combination versus metformin in experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1715-1724]
PD-L1 Induction of the STING-dependent DNA damage pathway by cucurbitacin B enhances immunotherapy efficacy in osteosarcoma [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1319-1327]
Pentoxifylline Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
Peptides Innovative strategies and nanocarrier approaches for enhancing the oral bioavailability of macromolecular therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1607-1619]
Personalized Medicine Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
Pharmacology Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
Phenolic acid Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 141-150]
Phosphorylation Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes the survival, migration, and ferroptosis of endometrial cancer cells by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 72-79]
Photochemotherapy Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
Photodynamic Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
Photodynamic Therapy Evaluation of Cherenkov-induced photodynamic therapy of biohybrid photosensitive graphene oxide nanoplatform in cervical cancer cells [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1392-1405]
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
Photosensitizer In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
Photothermal Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
Photothermal therapy (PTT) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of photo-induced antileishmanial activity of indocyanine green-loaded nanomicelles [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 498-506]
Phytochemical Resveratrol as a naturally occurring inflammasome modulator: Implications for health and disease [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1301-1318]
Phytochemicals In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]
Phytoestrogen Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
Phytoestrogens Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
Phytomedicine Ficus carica leaf extract ameliorates cardiac injury through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway activation and dual oxidase inhibition [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1679-1690]
Phytotherapy Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
PI3K Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
PI3K Effect of ellagic acid on BDNF/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways in mouse models of depression [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 493-497]
PI3K Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
PI3K-Akt Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
PI3K/Akt Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
PI3K/Akt pathway Synergistic anticancer effect of CDRI-08 and Abiraterone acetate against castration resistant prostate cancer targeting PI3K/Akt pathway [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1163-1170]
PIK3CG Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
Pioglitazone Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
Plant Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
Plant extracts Assessing the efficacy of herbal supplements for managing obesity: A comprehensive review of global clinical trials [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 691-709]
Platelet-rich plasma The mTOR pathway is involved in the process of platelet-rich plasma improving intervertebral disc degeneration [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 393-400]
Platelet-rich plasma Effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with platelet lysate on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse premature ovarian failure model [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 937-945]
Plinabulin Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 113-120]
PM2.5 Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
Podocyte Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
Podocyte Rhein attenuates obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and protecting podocytes [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1743-1748]
Polycaprolactone Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
Polydioxanone Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid - (PLGA) Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
Poly l-lactic acid Enhancing dermal collagen density towards youthfulness: A comparative study of PCL, PLLA, and PDO thread implantation in aging rats model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 151-157]
Polymerase chain reaction Expressions of apoptotic protein and gene following sulfur mustard-induced acute pulmonary injuries in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1372-1380]
Polymers Synergistic effect of carbomer polymer and graphene oxide nanoparticles on the rat wound healing process [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1725-1735]
Pore size Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
PPAR Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
PPAR gamma Exploring the role of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and a PPAR agonist in preventing paraquat-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 852-859]
Premature Ovarian Failure Effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with platelet lysate on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse premature ovarian failure model [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 937-945]
Preoptic area Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
Profile Toxicological evaluation and preliminary phytochemical characterisation of a Nigerian Cannabis sativa chemovar [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1736-1742]
Progesterone Estrogen and progesterone attenuate CD4-positive immune cell traffic to the penumbra region of rat’s ischemic stroke brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1254-1260]
Prolactin Effects and mechanism of puerarin on lactation of postpartum hypogalactia mice [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 739-745]
Proliferation COTI-2 suppresses the malignancy of bladder cancer by inducing apoptosis via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 340-346]
Proliferation Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]
Prostate cancer Synergistic anticancer effect of CDRI-08 and Abiraterone acetate against castration resistant prostate cancer targeting PI3K/Akt pathway [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1163-1170]
Protein expression Comparing the effect of plasma therapy with estradiol valerate in motor and cognitive behavioral disorders in ovariectomized old rats: Behavioral, biochemical, and protein expression [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 366-375]
Protein hydrolysates Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
Protein hydrolysates Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
Protein Truncating Variants Calpain 7 as a novel candidate gene in genetic generalized epilepsy [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1328-1334]
Proto-oncogene proteins - B-raf Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
Protozoan Infections Recent advances in the genetic engineering of the Leishmania parasite and anti-cancer properties [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1447-1455]
Proviral insertion of- Moloney virus 3 kinase Pim3 up-regulation by YY1 contributes to diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 245-253]
Psoriasis Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
Psoriasis Psoriasis: Immunological and genetic blueprints driving pathogenesis and potential for personalized therapies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 680-690]
Psoriasis Silymarin exerts antipsoriatic effects against imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice via NF-kB/TLR4 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1523-1530]
Puerarin Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
Pulmonary administration Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 873-879]
Pulmonary arterial - hypertension Gypenosides alleviates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1019-1026]
Pulmonary Fibrosis Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 426-433]
Purple tea PorelisTM, a standardized purple tea extract, improves adipocyte functionality by regulating the leptin and adiponectin levels in high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1037-1046]
Pyridoxal phosphate Anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects of pyridoxal phosphate in rats with metabolic syndrome by raising anti-oxidant potential in both serum and liver tissue, while also decreasing hepatic nuclear factor expression [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1012-1018]
Pyrin domain containing 3 - protein PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
Pyroptosis Ellagic acid alleviates NLRP6/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis in rats post cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 105-112]
Pyroptosis Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
Pyruvate dehydrogenase - kinase 4 Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 80-86]

R

Radiofrequency- electromagnetic fields Acute exposure to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity via eNOS activation and occludin down-regulation [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1691-1698]
Radioresistance Regulatory role of circular RNAs in the development of therapeutic resistance in the glioma: A double-edged sword [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 3-15]
Rat Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
Rat Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
Rat Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
Rat Comparison of the therapeutic effects of sacubitril and valsartan combination versus metformin in experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1715-1724]
Rats Mechanism of action of total saponin Achyranthes in treating knee osteoarthritis explored using network pharmacology and animal experimentation [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 762-771]
Rats Neural progenitor cell transplantation results in structural and functional recovery in a rat model of cerebral palsy [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1230-1241]
Rats Chrysin promotes oral ulcer healing via modulating matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1242-1247]
Rats Preclinical efficacy assessment of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute liver failure [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1631-1639]
RAW264.7 cells Targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9 to combat inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages and analysis of anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of chrysin [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 516-526]
Reactive Oxygen Species Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
Reactive Oxygen Species Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 299-309]
Reactive Oxygen Species Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
Reactive Oxygen Species Examining the role of trans-sodium crocetinate in alleviating colistin-induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis and autophagy pathways on HEK-293 cells [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1640-1646]
Receptors Innovative strategies and nanocarrier approaches for enhancing the oral bioavailability of macromolecular therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1607-1619]
Regeneration Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
Renal fibrosis Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
Renal ischemia/reperfusion- injury Puerarin alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 187-193]
Renin-angiotensin system Evaluation of myocardial classic and alternative pathways of the renin-angiotensin system in cholestasis-induced cardiac injury: A time-course experimental study in rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1598-1606]
Resins Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
Respiratory distress - syndrome Herbal medicine approach to relieving dyspnea: A narrative review of efficacy and mechanisms [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1140-1162]
Respiratory System Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
Retrovirus Nanoencapsulation of B-toxin from herbal extracts: Targeting HTLV-1 protease and ATLL [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1047-1056]
Reverse genetics Recent advances in the genetic engineering of the Leishmania parasite and anti-cancer properties [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1447-1455]
RGD motif Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
Rhein Rhein attenuates obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and protecting podocytes [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1743-1748]
Rheumatoid arthritis Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
RIP140 SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
RNA Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
RNA-Seq Calpain 7 as a novel candidate gene in genetic generalized epilepsy [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1328-1334]
RNA sequencing analysis Heterogeneous expression of long noncoding RNA RP11-109D20.2: Insights into regulatory gene expression roles in colon cancer [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 592-601]
ROS Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
Rosmarinic acid Rosmarinic acid attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in folic acid-induced renal injury: Role of FoxO3/ NFκB pathway [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 316-322]
Rosmarinic acid Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
Rosmarinus Herbal medicine approach to relieving dyspnea: A narrative review of efficacy and mechanisms [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1140-1162]
Royal jelly Nephroprotective impact of royal jelly against rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney damage in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 612-619]
Rutin Rutin attenuates complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 332-339]
Rutin\cyclodextrin Investigation of protective effects of rutincyclodextrin inclusion complex against testicular damage caused by diisononyl phthalate in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1381-1391]

S

S100A9 Effect of the S100A9/AMPK pathway on PM2.5-mediated mouse lung injury [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 121-129]
Sacubitril and Valsartan Comparison of the therapeutic effects of sacubitril and valsartan combination versus metformin in experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1715-1724]
Saffron Trans-sodium crocetinate ameliorates Parkinson-like disease caused by bisphenol A through inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of α-synuclein in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 254-263]
Saffron Examining the role of trans-sodium crocetinate in alleviating colistin-induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis and autophagy pathways on HEK-293 cells [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1640-1646]
Safranal Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) in hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review of current evidence and prospects [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 986-1003]
Salidroside Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
Scaffold Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
Scaffold Enhanced wound healing through hydrogel: Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in carboxymethyl cellulose/ carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin matrix with decellularized amniotic membrane in male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1548-1562]
Scaffold Comparing transplantation sites of mouse immature testicular tissue fragments embedded in chitosan scaffold to maintain tissue integrity: Epididymal fat pad or under the back skin [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1706-1714]
Selegiline Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
Sepsis Amantadine reduces sepsis-induced brain injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 620-626]
Sepsis Mitotherapy attenuates sepsis-induced brain injury in rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture: Role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α network [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1065-1074]
Sepsis-associated - encephalopathy Amantadine reduces sepsis-induced brain injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 620-626]
Sex difference Intrathecal injections of non-peptide oxytocin receptor agonists, WAY 267,464 and TC OT 39, induce significant anti-hyperalgesia in both male and female rats with inflammatory pain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1212-1219]
Sex differences Role of ENaC in gender-associated differences in blood pressure [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 527-532]
Signal transducer and - activator of transcription 3 Yin Yang 1 Dapagliflozin improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing the STAT3-YY1 signaling axis in cardiac fibroblasts [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1563-1574]
Signal transduction Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 461-468]
Signal transduction The neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and diosmin in neurological disorders via targeting various signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 825-834]
Silymarin Silymarin exerts antipsoriatic effects against imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice via NF-kB/TLR4 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1523-1530]
Sinapic acid Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 655-661]
SIRT1 Salidroside impedes Ang II-infused myocardial fibrosis by activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 815-824]
SIRT5 SIRT5 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy induced by RIP140 [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 477-485]
Sirtuin 1 Schisandrin B regulates the SIRT1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to ameliorate Ang II-infused cardiac fibrosis [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 946-954]
Sirtuin 1 Pretreatment with a ketogenic diet inhibits mitochondrial damage in rat models of spinal cord injury via the PGC-1α/Sirt1/Nrf1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1516-1522]
Sirtuin1 Echinacoside alleviates Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis by enhancing the SIRT1/IL-11 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 130-140]
Sirtuin 2 Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
Sirtuin 3 Investigation of the molecular and cellular effects of Shilajit on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 565-574]
Skin regeneration Enhanced wound healing through hydrogel: Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in carboxymethyl cellulose/ carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin matrix with decellularized amniotic membrane in male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1548-1562]
Sleep Role of the amygdala opioid system in the effects of stress on the post-learning sleep patterns of male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 283-291]
Sleep Protective effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation on neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 264-272]
Sleep Evaluating ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba as a novel agent for sleep promotion through molecular docking and in vivostudies [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 746-754]
Small interfering Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
Sodium arsenite Azelaic acid reduces arsenic-induced toxicity and inflammation in the rat islets of langerhans [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 784-789]
Sodium valproate Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
Solvent casting Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
Sonodynamic Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
Soybean Characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysate by bromelain and its effect on inflammation and kidney disorders in gentamicin-induced male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 56-62]
Spatial Memory Linalool vs linalool-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in an Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: A molecular, biochemical, histological, and behavioral study [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1495-1504]
Sperm Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
Spermatogonial stem cell Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
Spermatogonia stem cells Comparing transplantation sites of mouse immature testicular tissue fragments embedded in chitosan scaffold to maintain tissue integrity: Epididymal fat pad or under the back skin [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1706-1714]
Spermine Spermine: A prospective treatment for high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 907-915]
Sperm quality Investigation of protective effects of rutincyclodextrin inclusion complex against testicular damage caused by diisononyl phthalate in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1381-1391]
Spinal cord injury Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 444-450]
Spinal cord injury Facile fabrication of selegiline-loaded alginate hydrogel for neuroprotection and functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury through localized spinal delivery [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 627-637]
Spinal cord injury EGCG attenuated spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of HMOX1 expression and suppression of HIF-1 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 799-807]
Spinal cord injury Overexpression of miRNA-216 in exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes angiogenesis and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1344-1353]
Spinal cord injury Pretreatment with a ketogenic diet inhibits mitochondrial damage in rat models of spinal cord injury via the PGC-1α/Sirt1/Nrf1 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1516-1522]
Spinal cord injury (SCI) Down-regulation of Neuregulin2 (NRG2) following spinal cord injury in C57BL/6 mice: Its implications in therapeutic potential [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1075-1081]
Spindle apparatus Effects of pentoxifylline on mouse oocytes maturation and qualityin vitro [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 310-315]
Sports Medicine Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 31-37]
SREBP-1C Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
SSRI Investigating the protective effects of fluvoxamine against sepsis-related acute lung injury through antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant features in rats [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 323-331]
Stem cells Neural progenitor cell transplantation results in structural and functional recovery in a rat model of cerebral palsy [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1230-1241]
Stroke Estrogen and progesterone attenuate CD4-positive immune cell traffic to the penumbra region of rat’s ischemic stroke brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1254-1260]
Stroke Ischemic stroke rehabilitation through endurance training of varying intensity and duration in male sprague-dawley rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1363-1371]
Sub-acute toxicity Toxicological evaluation and preliminary phytochemical characterisation of a Nigerian Cannabis sativa chemovar [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1736-1742]
Sulforaphane Sulforaphane alleviates membranous nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress-associated podocyte pyroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 237-244]
Survival Simultaneous effect of naringenin and beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 on modulating gene expression and functional pattern of mesenchymal stem cells from endometriosis patients [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 671-679]
Survival analysis Bioinformatics analysis identifies dysregulation of MiR-548F-3p and its hub gene in triple-negative breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 434-443]
Survival rate Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
Swimming Can resisted swimming exercise substitute for the protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal rat model? [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 718-727]
Syringic acid Syringic acid, a promising natural compound for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1456-1476]
Systematic review In vitro effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 401-417]

T

T2DM combined with - NAFLD Ethanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 662-670]
Tanshinone IIA Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
TDDS Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 728-738]
Temozolomide Investigating therapeutic efficacy of dacarbazine and temozolomide, alone and in combination with BRAF(V600E) siRNA in A375 human melanoma cell line [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 772-783]
Testicular damage Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]
Testicular damage Investigation of protective effects of rutincyclodextrin inclusion complex against testicular damage caused by diisononyl phthalate in rats [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1381-1391]
Testicular extracellular- matrix Testicular extracellular matrix/gelatin-based scaffold using gas foaming to support spermatogonial stem cells [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1107-1118]
Testicular tissue - transplantation Comparing transplantation sites of mouse immature testicular tissue fragments embedded in chitosan scaffold to maintain tissue integrity: Epididymal fat pad or under the back skin [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1706-1714]
Testis toxicity Mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in inhibiting reproductive toxicity induced by sodium valproate in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1027-1036]
Testosterone Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 confers cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 to repress ferroptosis [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 209-216]
TGF-β1 Tanshinone IIA alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell proliferation via ERK/cyclin D1/p-Smad3L signaling axis [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 638-646]
TGF-β1 Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
TGF-β1 Effect of TGF-β1 transfected dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells on in vivo cartilage regeneration [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1505-1515]
TGF-β1/Smads Spermine: A prospective treatment for high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 907-915]
Th2 cells PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 ameliorates OVA-induced asthma in BALB/c mice through modulating the NF-κB–p65/NLRP3 pathway [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 710-717]
Thiamine Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-2 diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 98-104]
Thin-layer chromatography Scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: Soursop leaf extract and fractions protect the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 355-365]
Thymoquinone Effect of thymoquinone on vitamin D metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 292-298]
Thymoquinone Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
Tie2 Elucidating the effect of deferoxamine, a hypoxia mimetic agent, on angiogenesis restoration in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from diabetic mice [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1589-1597]
Tissue engineering Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 194-208]
Tissue engineering Enhanced wound healing through hydrogel: Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in carboxymethyl cellulose/ carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin matrix with decellularized amniotic membrane in male Wistar rats [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1548-1562]
Tissue engineering Comparing transplantation sites of mouse immature testicular tissue fragments embedded in chitosan scaffold to maintain tissue integrity: Epididymal fat pad or under the back skin [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1706-1714]
Tissue Inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes circular RNA circFryl attenuate atrial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in atrial fibrillation [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1180-1189]
Tissue regeneration Synergistic effect of carbomer polymer and graphene oxide nanoparticles on the rat wound healing process [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1725-1735]
Titanium dioxide - nanoparticles Effects of chitosan-titanium dioxide-Glucantime nanoassemblies on Leishmania major: An in vitro and in vivo study [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1667-1678]
TLR4 Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
TLR4 Heat shock protein 90 mediates the protective effects of vericiguat on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1220-1229]
Toll-like receptor 4 Alpha-pinene ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 451-460]
Toll-like receptors Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide role in inflammatory diseases: An overview [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 553-564]
Toll-like receptors Expression of toll-like receptors and inflammatory mediators in primary human glioma cells (low- and high-grade) compared to primary cells from epileptic human brain [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1204-1211]
Topical ivermectin Ivermectin decreases inflammation and imiquimod–induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in rat via targeting TLR4 / p65 NF-κB [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 808-814]
Torsion Detorsion Therapeutic potential of casticin in alleviating ovarian torsion/detorsion-induced ovarian and lung injuries [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1057-1064]
Toxicity The ameliorative effects of hesperidin in rats developed hepatotoxicity with deltamethrin [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 929-936]
Toxoplasma gondii Protective immune response induced by cationic liposomes bearing soluble antigens improves the survival of BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii RH strain [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 347-354]
Transitional protein Potential therapeutic effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates on NAFLD-induced infertility disorders: Insights into redox balance, heat shock protein expression, and chromatin compaction in male rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 158-169]
Transparent scaffolds Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1082-1099]
Transplantation Preventing the rejection of skin allografts by immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 469-476]
Traumatic brain injury NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 181-186]
Tree turmeric root Beyond chemotherapy: Exploring tree turmeric root and nano-hydroxyapatite for neuroprotective applications [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1406-1416]
Trehalose Impact of trehalose and hydroxychloroquine on the function of BRAF (V600E)-siRNA in the A375 melanoma cells [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1486-1494]
Triple negative breast - neoplasms Bioinformatics analysis identifies dysregulation of MiR-548F-3p and its hub gene in triple-negative breast cancer [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 434-443]
Troxerutin Troxerutin alleviates hepatorenal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 955-961]
TSC22D4 Nanomolecular silencing of TSC22D4 mRNA via a DNAsome-siRNA for enhancing insulin sensitization in hepatocytes [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 385-392]
Tumor Microenvironment Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 273-282]
Tumor Microenvironment Synergistic effects of cryoablation and GM-CSF in colorectal liver metastases management in tumor-bearing mice [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 584-591]
Tumor Microenvironment Advances in cancer immunotherapy: Strategies and innovations strategies for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer [Volume 28, Issue 12, 2025, Pages 1620-1630]
Tumor Suppression CRISPR/Cas9 in colorectal cancer: Revolutionizing precision oncology through genome editing and targeted therapeutics [Volume 28, Issue 10, 2025, Pages 1279-1300]
Tumor therapy Advancing cancer treatment with nanozyme frameworks: Integrating photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 533-552]
Type 2 diabetes Endurance training promotes the browning of WAT by enhancing the NPFF pathway in the hypothalamus in rats with type 2 diabetes [Volume 28, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 575-583]
Type 2 diabetes Spermine: A prospective treatment for high glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 907-915]

V

Vaccine formulation Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 224-229]
Vaccines Recent advances in the genetic engineering of the Leishmania parasite and anti-cancer properties [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1447-1455]
Valproic acid Curcumin exerts protective effects against valproic acid-induced testicular damage through modulating the JAK1/STAT–3/IL–6 signaling pathway in rats [Volume 28, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 230-236]
Valproic acid Thymoquinone prevents valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of cytochrome P450, PPARs, and apoptotic pathways [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 899-906]
VDAC1 Role of VDAC1 in hepatocyte apoptosis during acute liver injury in rats induced by obstructive jaundice [Volume 28, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 87-97]
VEGF Chrysin promotes oral ulcer healing via modulating matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor in rats [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1242-1247]
VEGF Elucidating the effect of deferoxamine, a hypoxia mimetic agent, on angiogenesis restoration in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from diabetic mice [Volume 28, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 1589-1597]
VEGFR2 Adropin exerts neuroprotection in an experimental rat model of Parkinson’s disease [Volume 28, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 790-798]
Verbenone Verbenone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular changes in the kidneys of Swiss albino mice by targeting NF-ĸB/TGF-β signaling pathways [Volume 28, Issue 8, 2025, Pages 1119-1128]
Vericiguat Heat shock protein 90 mediates the protective effects of vericiguat on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases [Volume 28, Issue 9, 2025, Pages 1220-1229]
Vitamin D Effect of thymoquinone on vitamin D metabolism in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance [Volume 28, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 292-298]
Voluntary exercise Voluntary exercise alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction [Volume 28, Issue 7, 2025, Pages 846-851]
Vortioxetine Vortioxetine exhibits anti-glioblastoma activity via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [Volume 28, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 418-425]

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences

Keyword Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y